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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ning, Yunsong Yuan, Yi Yu, Tao Chen, Hongyu Xie, Chengyan Jiang, Hui Liu, Hesheng Lu, Guihao Sun, Mingchen Chen, Yu Tang, Jian School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China Platform for Muon Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China University College London London United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Experimental Physics Department Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

As the multidisciplinary applications of cosmic-ray muons expand to large-scale and wide-area scenarios, the construction of cosmic-ray muon detector arrays has become a key solution to overcome the hardware limitations of individual detector. For muography, the array-based detector design enables fast-scanning of large target objects, allowing for rapid identification of density variation regions, which can improve the efficiency of tomography. This paper integrates scintillator detector technology with Internet of things (IoT) technology, proposing a novel array networking model for nationwide deployment. The model enables long-distance data collection and distribution, laying the foundation for future multidisciplinary applications such as muography and other fields. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Cosmic ray detectors

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Experimental studies of THGEM in different Ar/CO_2 mixtures

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第5期38卷 58-61页

作者：何占营周健荣孙志嘉杨桂安许虹王艳凤刘倩刘宏邦陈石谢一冈郑阳恒王晓冬张小东胡碧涛陈元柏 School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou University Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and ElectronIcs

In this paper, the performance of a type of domestic THGEM （THick Gaseous Electron Multiplier） working in Ar/CO2 mixtures is reported in detail. This kind of single THGEM can provide a gain range from 100 to 1000, which is very suitable for application in neutron detection. In order to study its basic characteristics as a reference for the development of a THGEM based neutron detector, the counting rate plateau, the energy resolution and the gain of the THGEM have been measured in different Ar/CO2 mixtures with a variety of electrical fields. For the Ar/CO2（90%/10%） gas mixture, a wide counting rate plateau is achieved from 720 V to 770 V, with a plateau slope of 2.4%/100 V, and an excellent energy resolution of about 22% is obtained at the 5.9 keV full energy peak of the 55Fe X-ray source.

关键词： THGEM counting rate plateau gas gain energy resolution

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A real-time online data acquisition system for Dragon-I linear induction accelerator

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第3期28卷 85-90页

作者： Jun Wu Xiang Zhou Chen Yuan Ze-Jie Yin State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

An extensible high-speed accelerator data acquisition system(ADAS) for the Dragon-I linear induction accelerator has been developed. It comprises a ⅤⅪ crate, a controller, four data acquisition plug-ins, and a host computer. A digital compensation algorithm is used to compensate for the distortion of high-speed signals arising from longdistance transmission. Compared with the traditional oscilloscope wall, ADAS has significant improvements in system integration, automation, and reliability. It achieves unified management of data acquisition and waveform monitoring and performs excellently with a 107-ps high-accuracy trigger and 32-channel signal monitoring. In this paper, we focus on the system architecture and hardware design of the ADAS,realization of the trigger, and digital compensation algorithm.

关键词： ADAS LINAC Beam position monitor FPGA

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Beam test result and digitization of TaichuPix-3: A Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors for CEPC vertex detector

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lu, Hancen Zhang, Tianyuan Xu, Chang Li, Shuqi Huang, Xinhui Zhou, Jia Yan, Ziyue Wang, Wei Zeng, Hao Jia, Xuewei Hu, Yiming Zhang, Xiaoxu Liang, Zhijun Wei, Wei Zhang, Ying Wei, Xiaomin Wu, Tianya Zhang, Lei Qi, Ming Hu, Jun Fu, Jinyu Zhang, Hongyu Li, Gang Wu, Linghui Dong, Mingyi Li, Xiaoting Casanova, Raimon Zhang, Liang Dong, Jianing Wang, Jia Zheng, Ran Lu, Weiguo Grinstein, Sebastian da Costa, João Guimarães Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing100049 China School of Information Engineering Nanchang University Nanchang330031 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing100049 China Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation Shandong University Qingdao China Bellaterra Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain

The Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC), as the next-generation electron-positron collider, is tasked with advancing not only Higgs physics but also the discovery of new physics. Achieving these goals requires high-precision measurements of particles. Taichu seires, Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS), a key component of the vertex detector for CEPC was designed to meet the CEPC’s requirements. For the geometry of vertex detector is long barrel with no endcap, and current silicon lacks a complete digitization model, precise estimation of cluster size particularly causing by particle with large incident angle is needed. Testbeam results were conducted at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) to evaluate cluster size dependence on different incident angles and threshold settings. Experimental results confirmed that cluster size increases with incident angle. Simulations using the Allpix-Squared framework replicated experimental trends at small angles but exhibited discrepancies at large angles, suggesting limitations in linear electric field assumptions and sensor thickness approximations. The results from both testbeam and simulations have provided insights into the performance of the TaichuPix chip at large incident angles, offering a crucial foundation for the establishment of a digital model and addressing the estimation of cluster size in the forward region of the long barrel. Furthermore, it offers valuable references for future iterations of TaichuPix, the development of digital models, and the simulation and estimation of the vertex detector’s performance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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Aging effect in the BESIII drift chamber

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第1期40卷 65-68页

作者：董明义修青磊伍灵慧吴智秦中华沈品安芬芬鞠旭东刘义朱凯欧阳群陈元柏 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics

As the main tracking detector of BESIII, the drift chamber provides accurate measurements of the position and the momentum of the charged particles produced in e＋e- collisions at BEPCII. After six years of operation, the drift chamber is suffering from aging problems due to huge beam-related background. The gains of the cells in the first ten layers show an obvious decrease, reaching a maximum decrease of about 29% for the first layer cells. Two calculation methods for the gain change （Bhabha events and accumulated charges with 0.3% aging ratio for inner chamber cells） give almost the same results. For the Malter effect encountered by the inner drift chamber in January 2012, about 0.2% water vapor was added to the MDC gas mixture to solve this cathode aging problem. These results provide an important reference for MDC operating high voltage settings and the upgrade of the inner drift chamber.

关键词： BESIII drift chamber hit rate aging accumulated charges Malter effect

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Design of the photomultiplier tube bases for high dynamic range readout in WCDA

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Chinese Physics C 2013年第3期37卷 64-68页

作者：黄卫平江琨李澄唐泽波邵明陈宏芳孙勇杰 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China

The photomultiplier tube （PMT） used in the water Cherenkov detector array （WCDA） of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory （LHAASO） requires a good single photoelectron （SPE） spectrum and a charge dynamic range from 1 to 4000 photoelectrons. In this paper, the bases design and improvement of the photomultiplier tube R5912 are presented. The results show that at the gain of 2.6 × 10~6 , the anode output has a good single photoelectron spectrum, and its charge non-linearity is within 5% when the number of photoelectrons （nPE） is 3500. The charge non-linearity of the 8th dynode output is within 2% when the number of nPE is 4000, which satisfies the dynamic range requirement.

关键词： PMT WCDA charge non-linearity SPE spectrum

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HSI-MFormer: Integrating Mamba and Transformer Experts for Hyperspectral Image Classification

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IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2025年 63卷

作者： He, Yan Tu, Bing Liu, Bo Li, Jun Plaza, Antonio Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Institute of Optics and Electronics State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Atmospheric Optoelectronic Detection and Information Fusion Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory on Meteorological Photonics and Optoelectronic Detection Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Technology of Atmosphere Nanjing210044 China China University of Geosciences Faculty of Computer Science Wuhan430074 China University of Extremadura Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory Department of Technology of Computers and Communications Escuela Politecnica Cáceres‎10003 Spain

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is fundamental to numerous remote sensing applications, enabling detailed analysis of material properties and environmental conditions. Recent Mamba built upon selective state space models (S6) have demonstrated exceptional advantages in long-range sequence modeling with linear computational efficiency, while Transformer based on self-attention mechanisms is particularly adept at capturing short-range dependencies. To leverage the complementary strengths of these models, this paper introduces a novel hybrid Mamba-Transformer framework (HSI-MFormer), effectively exploring the multiscale properties of hyperspectral data for HSI classification. Initially, a Multiscale Token Generation module (MTG) is developed, which converts the HSI cube into multiple spatial-spectral token groups across different scales. To adequately capture fine-grained multiscale spatial-spectral patterns, an Inner-scale Transformer Expert (ITE) is designed, which incorporates grouped self-attention operations to perform short-range sequence modeling within token groups at each scale. Meanwhile, a Cross-scale Mamba Expert (CME) is introduced, which integrates a cross-scale serialization mechanism and bidirectional Mamba block for long-range sequence modeling, further exploring the interactions and complementarity between token groups across different scales. Several hybrid strategies for integrating the ITE and CME are investigated to maximize their complementarity, including parallel, interval, and serial structures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the propsed HSI-MFormer significantly out-performs the state-of-the-art Transformer-based and Mamba-based HSI classification methods. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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An accurate measurement of PMT TTS based on the photoelectron spectrum

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第6期39卷 76-80页

作者：黄卫平唐泽波李澄江琨赵晓坤王鹏飞 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China

The water Cherenkov detector array（WCDA） for the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory（LHAASO） will employ more than 3600 hemisphere 8-inch photomultiplier tubes（PMTs）. Good time performance of the PMT, especially the transit time spread（TTS）, is required for the WCDA. In order to meet the demand of the WCDA experiment, an accurate measurement of PMT TTS based on the photoelectron spectrum is studied. The method is appropriate for multi-photoelectrons and makes it possible to measure the TTS of different photoelectrons simultaneously. The TTS of different photoelectrons for a Hamamatsu R5912 PMT is tested with a specially designed divider circuit. The relationship between TTS and number of photoelectrons is also presented in this paper.

关键词： photoelectron hemisphere correction specially sized summarized cathode setup searching deviation

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Simulation of positron backscattering and implantation profiles using Geant4 code

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 527-534页

作者：黄世娟潘子文刘建党韩荣典叶邦角 Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China

For the proper interpretation of the experimental data produced in slow positron beam technique, the positron implantation properties are studied carefully using the latest Geant4 code. The simulated backscattering coefficients, the implantation profiles, and the median implantation depths for mono-energetic positrons with energy range from 1 keV to 50 keV normally incident on different crystals are reported. Compared with the previous experimental results, our simulation backscattering coefficients are in reasonable agreement, and we think that the accuracy may be related to the structures of the host materials in the Geant4 code. Based on the reasonable simulated backscattering coefficients, the adjustable parameters of the implantation profiles which are dependent on materials and implantation energies are obtained. The most important point is that we calculate the positron backscattering coefficients and median implantation depths in amorphous polymers for the first time and our simulations are in fairly good agreement with the previous experimental results.

关键词： positron beam backscattering coefficient implantation profile Geant4

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Exploring positron characteristics utilizing two new positron–electron correlation schemes based on multiple electronic structure calculation methods

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 535-542页

作者：张文帅谷冰川韩小溪刘建党叶邦角 Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China

We make a gradient correction to a new local density approximation form of positron-electron correlation. The positron lifetimes and affinities are then probed by using these two approximation forms based on three electronic-structure calculation methods, including the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave（FLAPW） plus local orbitals approach,the atomic superposition（ATSUP） approach, and the projector augmented wave（PAW） approach. The differences between calculated lifetimes using the FLAPW and ATSUP methods are clearly interpreted in the view of positron and electron transfers. We further find that a well-implemented PAW method can give near-perfect agreement on both the positron lifetimes and affinities with the FLAPW method, and the competitiveness of the ATSUP method against the FLAPW/PAW method is reduced within the best calculations. By comparing with the experimental data, the new introduced gradient corrected correlation form is proved to be competitive for positron lifetime and affinity calculations.

关键词： positron annihilation positron lifetime electronic structure

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