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A digital wide range neutron flux measuring system for HL-2A

Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第8期19卷 43-48页

作者：袁晨吴军阴泽杰 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China

To achieve wide-range, high-integration, and real-time performance on the neutron flux measurement on the HL-2A tokamak, a digital neutron flux measuring（DNFM） system based on the peripheral component interconnection（PCI） e Xtension for Instrumentation express（PXIe） bus was *** system comprises a charge-sensitive preamplifier and a field programmable gate array（FPGA）-based main electronics plug-in. The DNFM totally covers source-range and intermediate-range neutron flux measurements, and increases system integration by a large margin through joining the pulse-counting mode and Campbell mode. Meanwhile, the neutron flux estimation method based on pulse piling proportions is able to choose and switch measuring modes in accordance with current flux, and this ensures the accuracy of measurements when the neutron flux changes suddenly. It has been demonstrated by simulated signals that the DNFM enhances the full-scale measuring range up to 1.9×10^8cm^-2s^-1, with relative error below 6.1%. The DNFM has been verified to provide a high temporal sensitivity at 10 ms time intervals on a single fission chamber on HL-2A.

关键词： neutron programmable switch verified electronics suddenly fission proportions accordance discrimination

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Carry-chain propagation delay impacts on resolution of FPGA-based TDC

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2014年第3期25卷 38-42页

作者：董磊杨俊峰宋克柱 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection&Electronics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Anhui Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics

The architecture of carry chains in Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is introduced in this paper. The propagation delay time of the rising and falling edges in the carry chains are calculated according to the architecture and they are predicted not equal in most cases. Tests show that the measuring results of the propagation delay time in EP3C120F484C8 N series FPGA of Altera are in line with the inference. The difference of propagation delay time results in different accuracies of Time-to-Digital Converter(TDC). This phenomenon shall be considered in the design of TDC implemented in FPGA. It can ensure better accuracy.

关键词： FPGA 传播延迟进位链 TDC 分辨率现场可编程门阵列 Altera公司延迟时间

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Test system of the front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit for the water Cherenkov detector array at the large high-altitude air shower observatory

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第6期28卷 140-149页

作者： Er-Lei Chen Lei Zhao Li Yu Jia-Jun Qin Yu Liang Shu-Bin Liu Qi An State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China

The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development *** central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays of the universe and to push forward the frontier of new *** simplify the WCDA's readout electronics,a prototype of a front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) is designed based on the timeover-threshold method to achieve charge-to-time ***-precision time measurement and charge measurement are necessary over a full dynamic range[1-4000photoelectrons(P.E.)].To evaluate the performance of this ASIC,a test system is designed that includes the front-end ASIC test module,digitization module,and test *** first module needs to be customized for different ASIC versions,whereas the digitization module and test software are tested for general-purpose *** the digitization module,a field programmable gate array-based time-todigital converter is designed with a bin size of 333 ps,which also integrates an inter-integrated circuit to configure the ASIC test module,and a universal serial bus interface is designed to transfer data to the remote *** results indicate that the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns,and the charge resolution is better than 30%root mean square(RMS) at 1 *** 3%RMS at 4000 P.E.,which are beyond the application requirements.

关键词： Time and charge measurement Photomultiplier tube (PMT) Water Cherenkov detector array Inter-integrated circuit Application-specific integrated circuit Test system

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A time-sharing multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第4期28卷 91-96页

作者： Lian-Jun Jiang Xiang Zhou Tong-Yu Wu Ze-Jie Yin State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China

A conventional multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer acquires single energy spectrum,but provides no information on its tendency with *** address the limitation,we propose a scheme of time-sharing multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer(TSMCA).A dual-port random access memory is divided into two storage spaces,one for current energy spectrum data acquisition and another for previous energy spectrum data *** two tasks can be performed simultaneously,and the time-related variation tendency of energy spectrum can be obtained.A prototype system of TSMCA is *** performs nicely,with maximum channel number of 4096 in capacity of 2^(32)/Ch,minimal time-sharing slice of 25 ms,the differential nonlinearity of <1.5%,and the integral nonlinearity of <0.3%.

关键词： Multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer MCA Time-sharing ADC Dual-port RAM

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Clock synchronization design and evaluation for trigger-less data acquisition system

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2012年第6期23卷 361-368页

作者： SHANG Linfeng SONG Kezhu CAO Ping State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection & Electronics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Anhui Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics

For modern particle physics experiments,trigger-less data acquisition(DAQ) system has been put into practice because of the need of reaction multiplicity and trigger *** such new DAQ systems,global synchronized clock plays an important role because it affects the granularity of time slice and precision of reference *** this paper,a novel synchronized clock distribution method is *** the help of modulation technique,master clock module distributes system clock to each slave *** synchronize slave clocks,the propagation delay is adjusted and the clock phase is aligned by an FPGA chip ***,an ADCbased method is proposed to evaluate the performance of multi-module clock synchronization *** experiments of a prototype system show that slave clocks can be synchronized less than 100 ps over 150 m *** proposed method is simple and flexible,and it can be used in trigger-less DAQ system and other applications of clock distribution preciously.

关键词：数据采集系统同步时钟同步触发评估粒子物理实验设计时钟分配参考时钟

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Smart VOCs recognition system based on single gas sensor and multi-task deep learning model

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Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2025年 439卷

作者： Mei, Haixia Peng, Jingyi Wang, Tao Zhang, Bowei Xuan, Fuzhen Wang, Lijie Zeng, Min Yang, Zhi Changchun University Changchun130022 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun130012 China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology Department of Micro/Nano Electronics School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Electronic nose (E-nose) technology faces key challenges, including cross-sensitivity in gas sensors, high power consumption in multi-sensor arrays, and the need for scalable models. Additionally, robust detection and calibration of abnormal samples are essential for practical sensor applications. Looking forward, achieving cost-effectiveness, long-term stability, and enhanced selectivity and sensitivity of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors is crucial for E-nose commercialization. In this study, a temperature modulation technique is employed to capture the response from a single MEMS sensor to 10 volatile organic compounds, achieving an average gas identification accuracy of 98.38 % using a convolutional neural network. Transfer learning was also applied to determine gas concentrations, achieving an average accuracy of 88.65 %. To address the interference from the sensor itself or environmental factors, an autoencoder was trained to detect and compensate for anomalies, relying exclusively on features from normal samples and thereby minimizing the need for dedicated abnormal datasets. Anomaly detection accuracy reached 99.00 %. Overall, this research provides valuable insights toward developing low-power, multitasking, high-performance E-nose technology, advancing its potential for real-world applications. © 2025

关键词： Volatile organic compounds

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General transmission method based on PXI platform for physical experiments

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2013年第6期24卷 81-86页

作者： YAO Lin CAO Ping HUANG Xiru SONG Kezhu AN Qi State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics (IHEP-USTC) Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China

In this paper,a general method of data transmission system design on PXI platform is *** can be used in readout system design for physical *** aims at providing reusable and general interfaces for customized design of PXI while maintaining the transmission *** has three main features:(1)universal logic hardware interface,(2)ethernet based socket software interface,and(3)specific and simple data transmission *** transmission on PXI bus can be realized with the said two universal interfaces coordinated by this specific *** shows that this method is feasible and *** method can be easily reused in readout system designs for different experiments.

关键词： PXI平台物理实验传输方法个性化设计数据传输系统数据传输协议 ethemet 读出系统

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A Reconfigurable Instrument System for Nuclear and particle Physics Experiments

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第4期16卷 400-405页

作者：桑子儒李锋江晓金革 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China

We developed a reconfigurable nuclear instrument system （RNIS） that could satisfy the requirements of diverse nuclear and particle physics experiments, and the inertial confinement fusion diagnostic. Benefiting from the reconfigurable hardware structure and digital pulse processing technology RNIS shakes off the restrictions of cumbersome crates and miscellaneous modules. It retains all the advantages of conventional nuclear instruments and is more flexible and portable. RNIS is primarily composed of a field programmable hardware board and relevant t）C software. Separate analog channels are designed to provide different functions, such as am- plifiers, ADC, fast discriminators and Schmitt discriminators for diverse experimental purposes. The high-perfornmnce field programnmble gate array could complete high-precision time interval measurement, histogram accumulation, counting, and coincidence anticoincidence measurement. To illustrate tile prospects of RNIS, a series of applications to the experiments are described in this paper. The first, for which RNIS was originally developed, involves nuclear energy spectrum mea- surement with a scintillation detector and photonmltiplier. The second experiment applies RNIS to a G-M tube counting experiment, and in tile third, it is applied to a quantum comnnmication experiment tllrough reconfiguration.

关键词： digital pulse processing reconfigurable TDC ADC FPGA nuclear instru Inent,

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Simulation of a new hybrid MPGD with improved time resolution and decreased discharge probabilities using Garfield＋＋

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第7期28卷 73-78页

作者： Sheng-Ying Zhao Hui-Yin Wu Bi-Tao Hu Hui-Rong Qi Yi Zhang School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing 100049 China

In this work,a new hybrid MPGD consisting of two GEM foils and a metallic mesh was *** on the simulation studies,this design can significantly reduce the rise time of signal and has a better performance in respect of particle identification compared with the triple GEM *** gain with various voltages setting was computed in order to provide us references for future *** simulation results also show that the time and space resolution compared to the triple GEM detector are also *** time and space resolution of hybrid detector with Ar/CO_2(70/30) and Ar/isobutane(95/5) were investigated for various drift electric field *** new hybrid detector shows excellent potential for both fundamental research and imaging applications.

关键词：时间分辨率混合概率放电模拟仿真结果基础研究空间分辨率

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A data readout approach for physics experiments

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第7期39卷 53-58页

作者：黄锡汝曹平高力为郑佳俊 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China

With increasing physical event rates and the number of electronic channels, traditional readout schemes meet the challenge of improving readout speed caused by the limited bandwidth of the crate backplane. In this paper, a high-speed data readout method based on the Ethernet is presented to make each readout module capable of transmitting data to the DAQ. Features of explicitly parallel data transmitting and distributed network architecture give the readout system the advantage of adapting varying requirements of particle physics experiments. Furthermore,to guarantee the readout performance and flexibility, a standalone embedded CPU system is utilized for network protocol stack processing. To receive the customized data format and protocol from front-end electronics, a field programmable gate array（FPGA） is used for logic reconfiguration. To optimize the interface and to improve the data throughput between CPU and FPGA, a sophisticated method based on SRAM is presented in this paper. For the purpose of evaluating this high-speed readout method, a simplified readout module is designed and *** results show that this module can support up to 70 Mbps data throughput from the readout module to DAQ.

关键词： data readout physics experiments readout system data acquisition

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