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Microbial diversity in lake sediments detected by PCR-DGGE

Frontiers in Biology 2008年第3期3卷 293-299页

作者： Xinqing ZHAO Liuyan YANG Can CHEN Lin XIAO Lijuan JIANG Zhe MA Haowei ZHU Zhenyang YU Daqiang YIN State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

In this study,PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)was applied to analyze the microbial communities in lake sediments from Lake Xuanwu,Lake Mochou in Nanjing and Lake Taihu in *** samples from seven locations in three lakes were collected and their genomic DNAs were *** DNA yields of the sediments of Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou were high(10 mg/g),while that of sediments in Lake Taihu was relatively *** DNA purification,the 16S rDNA genes(V3 to V5 region)were amplified and the amplified DNA fragments were separated by parallel *** DGGE profiles showed that there were five common bands in all the lake sediment samples indicating that there were similarities among the populations of microorganisms in all the lake *** DGGE profiles of Lake Xuanwu and Lake Mochou were similar and about 20 types of micro-organisms were identified in the sediment samples of both *** results suggest that the sediment samples of these two city lakes(Xuanwu,Mochou)have similar microbial ***,the DGGE profiles of sediment samples in Lake Taihu were significantly different from these two ***,the DGGE profiles of sediment samples in different locations in Lake Taihu were also different,suggesting that the microbial communities in Lake Taihu are more diversified than those in Lake Xuanwu and Lake *** differences in microbial diversity may be caused by the different environmental conditions,such as redox potential,pH,and the concentrations of organic *** major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from the DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further reamplified and *** results of sequencing analysis indicate that five sequences shared 99%-100%homology with known sequences(Bacillus and Brevibacillus,uncultured bacteria),while the other two sequences shared 93%-96%homology with known sequences(Acinetobacter,and Bacillus).The study shows that the PCR-DGGE technique combined with sequenc

关键词： Sediment microbial diversity denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) 16S ribosome DNA(16S rDNA) sequence

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Preliminary study on treatment of waste organic matter from livestock by bacteria-mineral technology

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期20卷 646-651页

作者： HE Wenyuan YANG Haizhen GU Guowei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Shanghai Environment Group Company Limited Shanghai 200336 China

The present study dealt with relationships between the degradation and humification process that the organic matter underwent during bacteria-mineral technology. An inverse correlation was found between the protein, lipid, and some of the humification indices considered, suggesting that the humification theory is actually humic substances produced from simple-structured natural organic substrates. Weight-average molecular weight （Mw）, number-average molecular weight （Mn）, and the ratio Mw/Mn of dissolved organic matters at different stages of the process were measured by gel permeation chromatography. The results showed that Mn and Mw increased with reaction time from 352 to 17,191, and from 78,707 to 104,564, respectively. The ratio of Mn/Mw decreased from 223.3 to 6.1. This reflected the growth of the polymerization degree of dissolvable organic matters in the process; furthermore, it indicated the formation of complex molecules （humic substances） from more simple molecules. Bacteria-mineral water （BMW）（the effluent of the process） treatments can exert hormone-like activity for enhanced seed germination of wheat and rice and greatly improved chlorophyll synthesis in wheat and rice leaves, Major polyamines （plant regulators） putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, were found in BMW by a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method, which may explain the hormone-like activity of BMW.

关键词： livestock liquid wastes treatment bacteria-mineral technology recycles humification biogenic amines seed germination

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Characterization of suspended solids and particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush of highway runoff

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第11期9卷 1567-1575页

作者： Fa-hui NIE Tian LI Hai-feng YAO Man FENG Guang-kai ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Institute of Environment Engineering Research East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China

To investigate the dynamic characteristics of total suspended solids (TSS) and their particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush, the runoff sampling together with its flow rate measuring was conducted for three rainfall events at outfalls of highway in Shanghai from June to September 2007. Field samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of TSS and particle-bound heavy metals, such as Zn, Pb, and Cu. Results show that the wash off behavior of TSS under varying runoff rate condition can be explained by different antecedent dry weather period (ADWP). Contribution of fine fraction (<45 μm) to TSS was generally higher than that of coarse fraction (>45 μm). When the runoff flow increased obviously, a significant contribution of the coarse fraction was observed for a certain rainfall events with long antecedent dry weather condition. The changes of total metals concentration and particle-bound metal concentrations were strongly dependent on the TSS variation. TSS was generally well correlated with most particulate-bound heavy metals. Of the heavy metals, the concentration of Zn was found considerably high and that of Pb was significantly low at North Zhongshan 2 Road, in Shanghai, China, but they are still within the range reported in the literature. Fluctuation of heavy metal contents in the coarse fraction during a first flush period was more significant compared with that in the fine fraction. The results will assist in the development of effective control strategies to minimize heavy metals and solids in highway runoff.

关键词： Heavy metals Highway runoff First flush Suspended solids （SS）

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Effects of dissolved organic matter from sewage sludge on sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A by soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第9期20卷 1075-1081页

作者： SUN Zhaohai MAO Li XIAN Qiming YU Yijun LI Hui YU Hongxia State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing 48824 USA

Sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by soil influences its fate and transport in the environment. The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may complicate the sorption process in soil. The effects of DOM from sewage sludge on TBBPA sorption by three soils were investigated using batch equilibration experiments in the study. DOM was observed to be sorbed on the soils and the isotherms could be fitted by the Langmuir model. The effects of DOM on TBBPA sorption were dependent on the characteristics ...

关键词： tetrabromobisphenol A （TBBPA） sorption dissolved organic matter pH soil sewage sludge

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Genotoxicity evaluation of drinking water sources in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期20卷 487-491页

作者： WU Yulin CHEN Haigang LI Zhaoli SUN Liwei QU Mengmeng LI Mei KONG Zhiming State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Jiangsu Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Nanjing 210036 China

The potential harm of organic pollutants in drinking water to human health is widely focused on in the wodd; more and more pollutants with genotoxic substances are released into the aquatic environment. Water source samples were collected from 7 different localities of Nanjing City. The potential genotoxicity of organic extracts from drinking water sources were investigated by means of the comet assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results showed that all the organic extracts from all the water source samples could induce DNA damages of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at different levels. A significant difference （P 〈 0.01） was observed when compared with the solvent control, The DNA damage increased with the increase of the dosage of the original water source. Significant differences of DNA damage were observed in different drinking water sources, as shown by the multiple comparisons analysis at the dosage of 100x; the degree of DNA damage treated by Hushu waterworks （at town level） was the most serious, the arbitrary units （AU） was 141.62±6.96, however, that of Shangyuanmen waterworks （at city level） was only 109.64±2.97. The analysis also revealed that the genotoxicity of town＇s water sources was higher than that of the city. The results demonstrated that the comet assay can be successfully applied to the genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water sources.

关键词： comet assay drinking water sources genotoxicity human peripheral blood lymphocyte

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Characterization of depth-related microbial communities in lake sediment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S rRNA fragments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 224-230页

作者： ZHAO Xingqing YANG Liuyan YU Zhenyang PENG Naiying XIAO Lin YIN Daqiang QIN Boqiang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The characterization of microbial communities of different depth sediment samples was examined by a culture-independent method and compared with physicochemical parameters, those are organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, pH and redox potential （Eh）. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples derived from different depths. After they were amplified with the GC-341 f/907r primer sets of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The profile of DGGE fingerprints of different depth sediment samples revealed that the community structure remained relatively stable along the entire 45 cm sediment core, however, principal-component analysis of DGGE patterns revealed that at greater sediment depths, successional shifts in community structure were evident. The principle coordinates analysis suggested that the bacterial communities along the sediment core could be separated into two groups, which were located 0-20 cm and 21-45 cm, respectively. The sequencing dominant bands demonstrated that the major phylogenetic groups identified by DGGE belonged to Bacillus, Bacterium, Brevibacillus, Exiguobacterium, γ-Proteobacterium, Acinetobacter sp. and some uncultured or unidentified bacteria. The results indicated the existence of highly diverse bacterial community in the lake sediment core.

关键词： 16S rRNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） Lake Taihu microbial diversity sediment vertical distribution

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Comparison of nitrogen removal in an AN/AO and an AO submerged membrane bioreactor in treating bathing wastewater

Comparison of nitrogen removal in an AN/AO and an AO submerg...

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2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2008

作者： Guo, Jifeng Wang, Rongchang Xia, Siqing State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417483

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and traditional nitrification and denitrification (TND) were studied in lab-scale and the full-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) tests for the bathing wastewater treatment under the same condition. As a result, the removal of the nitrogen was not only the contribution of the anoxic (AN) tank, but also the aeration (AO) tank because of its SND effect. From the two tests, it can be drawn that there would be two methods to remove the nitrogen. One was nitrification and denitrification in the AO tank and AN tank, which contributed mainly in nitrogen removal. The other was simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred in the AO tank, although its effect was not very significant. The contribution ratios of the two kind's nitrogen removal ways in treating the bathing wastewater were about 70% and 30%, respectively. At the same time, the main pollutions in bathing wastewater such as COD and LAS were also studied systemically in the two scale tests. As a result, there had a good removal (over 95%) to the pollutions, in which the microorganisms played a greater role than membrane. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Degradation of herbicide (ametryn) in water by UV-H2O 2 combinated process

Degradation of herbicide (ametryn) in water by UV-H2O 2 comb...

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2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2008

作者： Gao, Naiyun Chu, Wenhai Zhao, Dandan Xu, Bin Zhao, Jianfu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417483

The removal performances of ametryn in drinking water using UV-H 202 combinated process was investigated in this paper. The results showed that ametryn cannot be effectively removed by UV radiation and H202 oxidation alone, while UV-H202 combination process could achieve quite good removal efficiency. As the initial concentration of ametryn about 0.901mg/L, its remova1 efficiency reached 97.68% under the condition that the intensity of UV radiation, the dosage of H20 2, reaction time, pH and residual concentration were 85.7W/cm2, 5mg/L, 40minutes, 7.0 and 0.021mg/L, respectively. The kinetic effects of H202 dosage, pH values and ametryn initial concentration on the conversion of ametryn were examined respectively. Analysis of factors showed that UV radiation intensity, H20 2 dosage, pH values and ametryn initial concentrations have important effect on the degradation of ametryn. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Potable water

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Study on the water supply mode of three islands of Chongming County

Study on the water supply mode of three islands of Chongming...

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2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2008

作者： Liao, Zhenliang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417483

Three islands of Chongming County are Chongming Island, Changxing Island and Hengsha Island. To become a World-class eco-island is Chongming's developing target. In order to achieve this target, a lot of water supply works will be constructed. While, there are some disputes on the water supply mode of Chongming County, including water sources, water demand's forecast and the layout of water supply plants. In this paper, these issues are discussed and some suggestions are recommended: double water sources, i.e. Qingcaosha Reservoir and Dongfengxisha Reservoir, is proposed;the water demand on Chongming County is forecasted as 350,000 m3·d-1 by 2020;four water supply plants are suggested to construct: Chongxi (West Chongming), Chengqiao, Chongdong (East Chongming) and Changxing. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Water supply

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Study on the wastewater treatment mode of three islands of Chongming

Study on the wastewater treatment mode of three islands of C...

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2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2008

作者： Liao, Zhenliang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417483

The three islands of Chongming County are Chongming Island, Changxing Island and Hengsha Island. To become a world-class eco-island is Chongming's developing target. To achieve this target, a lot of wastewater treatment works will be constructed. While, there are some disputes on the wastewater treatment of Chongming County, including wastewater volume's forecast, treatment mode, the layout of plants, choice of treatment art and outlet of discharge. In this paper, it is forecasted that wastewater volume in Chongming by 2020 is 280,000 m3·d-1;Hierarchical Treatment Mode is proposed to realize the integration of centralized and decentralized treatment;only four centralized wastewater treatment plants named Chengqiao, Xinhe, Buzhen and Changxing are suggested to be built;furthermore, the suggestions on treatment art and outlet of wastewater discharge are also given respectively. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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