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Thermal behaviors and heavy metal vaporization of phosphatized tannery sludge in incineration process

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第9期20卷 1146-1152页

作者： TANG, Ping ZHAO, Youcai XIA, Fengyi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325007 China

The high concentration of heavy metal (Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb) in tannery sludge causes severe heavy metal emissions in the process of incineration. In the present investigation, the tannery sludge was treated with 85% phosphoric acid before the incineration process in the tube furnace to control the heavy metal emissions. The thermal behavior and heavy metal vaporization of pre-treated tannery sludge were investigated, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were also implemente...

关键词： tannery sludge thermal behavior heavy metal vaporization phosphatation

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Application of QSARs model in toxicity evaluation of wastewater to bio-treatment system in WWTP

Application of QSARs model in toxicity evaluation of wastewa...

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2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2008

作者： Cai, Bijing Xie, Li Yang, Dianhai Arcangeli, Jean-Pierre State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417483

The gaps of data for influent toxicity to biological system create the need for estimation methodologies to predict their hazardous impacts and screen the wastewater discharged into wastewater treatment plants. In this paper, 24 chemicals were chosen, and the method of their toxicity concentration expression for activated sludge system, defined as C50%, were investigated based on sludge respiration rate for mid-term (24 hours) and short-term (30 minutes) respectively. QSARs models of mid-term and short-term toxicity on activated sludge were then developed from the physicochemical parameter of Kow and molecular structure descriptor of Elumo, and could describe the obtained data set well with high coefficient and small standard error. Compared with the QSARs model of short-term toxicity, the mid-term toxicity QSARs model were more stable and accurate. The obtained results confirmed that Kow and Elumo are crucial QSARs model descriptor for toxicity effect on activated sludge system. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Toxicity

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Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in EGSB and UASB reactors at 10 ℃

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2008年第1期20卷 66-70页

作者：张选军张亚雷周雪飞刘洪波赵建夫 Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University

Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed(EGSB)and Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB)reactors at 10℃ were investigated via continuous experimental *** results indicated that the whole reaction process can be simulated by the first-order dynamic equation *** parameters such as k,Vmax and Ks of UASB in hydrolysis acidification stage were 1.08 d-1,2.8 d-1 and 372 mg/L comparing to those of 1.18 d-1,3.5 d-1 and 112 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage *** EGSB’s k,Vmax and Ks were 2.91 d-1,14.3 d-1 and 470 mg/L in the hydrolysis acidification stage comparing to those of 1.68 d-1,6.6 d-1 and 103 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage *** of k values of the two stages in UASB and EGSB indicates that hydrolysis acidification stage is the controlling step for the whole reaction process of UASB,while methanogenesis stage is the controlling step in *** with UASB,municipal sewage treatment by EGSB at 10 ℃ can reach the same effluent requirement with lower retention time due to its effluent recirculation.

关键词： Expand Granular Sludge Bed(EGSB) Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB) municipal sewage kinetics

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Preparation and characterization of polymer-based spherical activated carbons

Preparation and characterization of polymer-based spherical ...

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作者： Zhu, Zhao-Lian Li, Ai-Min Xia, Ming-Fang Wan, Jin-Nan Zhang, Quan-Xing State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

A series of spherical activated carbons (SACs) with different pore structures were prepared from chloromethylated polydivinylbenzene by ZnCl 2 activation. The effects of activation temperature and retention time on the yield and textural properties of the resulting SACs were studied. All the SACs are generated with high yield of above 65% and exhibit relatively high mesopore fraction (me%) of 35.7%-43.6% compared with conventional activated carbons. The sample zlc28 prepared at 800C for 2 h has the largest BET surface area of 891 m2 g-1 and pore volume of 0.489 cm3 g-1. SEM and XRD analyses of zlc28 verify the presence of developed porous structure composed of disordered micrographite stacking with large amounts of interspaces in the order of nanometers. © 2008 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Chemical activation

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Assessment of urban human settlements using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of Zhejiang, China

Assessment of urban human settlements using multivariate sta...

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International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, CSSE 2008

作者： Qi, Wang College of Life and Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Wenzhou University Tongji University

ISBN: (纸本)9780769533360

Urban human settlements have always been one of the critical socio-economic issues in Zhejiang. The study presents the application of multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA), to classify the province of Zhejiang and evaluation of urban human settlements. The results showed that the samples cities can be grouped into three clusters, and urban human settlements level of Hangzhou was the best, while urban human settlements level of Lishui was the worst. This study demonstrated that multivariate statistical techniques are effective for urban human settlements classification, and for rapid assessment of urban human settlements. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Discriminant analysis

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Toxicity evaluation in a paper recycling mill effluent by coupling bioindicator of aging with the toxicity identification evaluation method in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第11期20卷 1373-1380页

作者： WANG, Xiaoyi SHEN, Lulu YU, Hongxia WANG, Dayong Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes Human Disease Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s) in industrial *** the current study,the authors have attempted to combine the advantages of the model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans,with the virtues of the TIE technique,to evaluate and identify the toxicity on aging from a paper recycling mill *** results indicate that only the toxicities from mixed cellulose (MC) filtration and EDTA treatment are similar to the baseline aging toxicity,suggesting ...

关键词： metals aging toxicity identification evaluation （TIE） Caenorhabditis elegans

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Effects of Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) on microbial characteristics in 2-chlorophenol-degradation anaerobic bioreactors

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期20卷 745-752页

作者： HUANG Aiqun CHEN Hao CHEN Ling DAI Yalei ZHAO Jianfu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Science Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

The effects of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at 300 mg/L on anaerobic microbial communities that degrade 2-cholorophenol （2-CP） were examined. Based on the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） of 16S rDNA, bacterial community diversity and archaeal community structure were analyzed with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and cloning, respectively. Degradation capabilities of the anaerobic microbial community were drastically abated and the degradation efficiency of 2-CP was reduced to 60% after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, respectively. The bacterial community structure was disturbed and the biodiversity was reduced after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ for 3 d. Some new metal-resistant microbes which could cope with the new condition appeared. The sequence analysis showed that there existed common Archaea species in control sludge and systems when treated with Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, such as Methanothrix soehngenii, Methanosaeta concilii, uncultured euryarchaeote, and so on. Both the abundance and diversity of archaeal species were altered with addition of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at high concentration. Although the abundance of the predominant archaeal species decreased with Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ addition for 3 d, they recovered to some extent after 10 d. The diversity of archaeal species was remarkably reduced after recovery for 10 d and the shift in archaeal composition seemed to be irreversible. The 2-CP-degradation anaerobic system was more sensitive to Cu^2＋ than Cd^2＋.

关键词： 2-cholorophenol （2-CP） Cd^2＋ Cu^2＋ microbial community diversity Bacteria Archaea DGGE cloning

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Bromate ion formation in dark chlorination and ultraviolet/chlorination processes for bromide-containing water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 246-251页

作者： HUANG Xin GAO Naiyun DENG Yang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Construction Management and Civil Engineering Technology Georgia Southern University R O. Box 8047 Statesboro GA 30460-8047 USA

Bormate （BrO3^-） is a carcinogenic chemical produced in ozonation or chlorination of bromide-containing water. Although its formation in seawater with or without sunlight has been previously investigated, the formation of bromate in dilute solutions, particularly raw water for water treatment plant, is unknown. In this article, the results of bench scale tests to measure the formation rates of bromate formation in dilute solutions, including de-ionized water and raw water from Yangtze River, were presented in dark chlorination and ultraviolet （UV）/chlorination processes. And the effects of initial pH, initial concentration of NaOCl, and UV light intensity on bromate formation in UV/chlorination of the diluted solutions were investigated. Detectable bromate was formed in dark chlorination of the two water samples with a relatively slow production rate. Under routine disinfecting conditions, the amount of formed bromate is not likely to exceed the national standards （10 μg/L）. UV irradiation enhanced the decay of free chlorine, and, simultaneously, 6.6%-32% of Br^- was oxidized to BrO3^-. And the formation of bromate exhibited three stages： rapid stage, slow stage and plateau. Under the experimental conditions （pH = 4.41-11.07, CCl2= 1.23-4.50 mg/L）, low pH and high chlorine concentration favored the generation of bromate. High light intensity promoted the production rate of bromate, but decreased its total generation amount due to acceleration of chlorine decomposition.

关键词： bromate chlorination raw water Yangtze River ultraviolet （UV） irradiation

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Study on dynamics characteristics of wet air oxidation of non-ionic surfactants

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第10期51卷 993-999页

作者： ZENG XinPing TANG WenWei ZHAO JianFu GU GuoWei School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Chemistry Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Wet air oxidation is an effective method to deal with highly concentrated nondegradable emulsification wastewater which contains non-ionic surfactants. This article illustrates our investigation on dynamic characteristics of wet air oxidation of typical non-ionic surfactants like polyether, phenol ether and widely used alcohol ether. The experimental results indicated that the oxidation rate of polyether, phenol ether and alcohol ether obviously ascended as the temperature rose. A good oxidation effect was available at 240°C. The TOC removal rate could reach 88.0%, 94% and 91.5%, after 125 min reaction. Alcohol ether was prone to an easier oxidation compared with polyether and phenol ether when the temperature was 220°C or below. The oxidation rate of alcohol ether was higher than that of polyether at 160°C, while the oxidation rate of polyether was higher than that of phenol ether between 180°C and 220°C. During the later period of the reaction at 240°C, the rate of phenol ether was higher than that of alcohol ether, which was still higher than that of polyether. Partitioned first order kinetics model analysis showed that the apparent activation energy of alcohol ether was lower than that of both polyether and phenol ether in the leading stage and lagging stage, and it was easy to acquire a higher oxidation rate for alcohol ether at low temperature. Three parameter general dynamics model analyses showed that the reason why the oxidation rate of polyether was lower than that of alcohol ether was that the oxidation of polyether was more apt to be converted to intermediate production than that of alcohol ether, whereas between 200°C and 220°C, the direct oxidation rate of polyether and the oxidation rate of intermediate product were obviously lower than that of alcohol ether. The apparent activation energy of direct and indirect oxidation of polyether was 43.37 and 60.45 kJ·mol?1, respectively, while the corresponding apparent activation energy of alcohol was 38.74 an

关键词： polyether phenol ether alcohol ether wet air oxidation dynamics characteristic

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Cooxidation of aqueous phenol under hydrothermal and electrochemical oxidation situation with particles of Mn-Sn-Sb/γ-Al2O 3

Cooxidation of aqueous phenol under hydrothermal and electro...

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2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2008

作者： Chen, Wenzhao Li, Guangming Wang, Hua Zhang, Fang Wang, Qian State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417483

Continual cooxidation of aqueous phenol under catalytic wet oxidation and electrochemical oxidation situation was investigated. Phenol solution was treated under conditions of reaction temperature (120-150C), oxygen partial pressure (1.0MPa) and current intensity (0.25-1.0A) in continuous packed bed reactor with particles of Mn-Sn-Sb/γ-Al2O3. The results indicated that the presence of the electric field strongly enhanced the efficiency of the catalytic wet oxidation. Phenol conversion reached 94% and TOC reduction was 88.4% for an initial phenol concentration of 2500mgL -1 at relatively mild operating conditions of 130C of temperature, 1MPa of oxygen partial pressure and 0.5A of current intensity. Meanwhile, the biotoxicity of effluent was three times lower than conventional catalytic wet oxidation at the same condition. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Phenols

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