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Are Ni-Cd Toxicity Models Derived from Simple Bioassay Applicable to Natural Soils? A Bioassay-Msms Coupling Approach

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lin, Lu Zhu, Bojing Qu, Xiaoze Gu, Xueyuan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China

The application of terrestrial toxicity models to real soil environments is a challenge due to the heterogeneity of soil. We presented here a novel bioassay-geochem-model coupling approach to predict the bioaccumulation and toxicity of a metal mixture in different soils. Equations describing dose-accumulation and dose-toxicity relationships of Cd-Ni mixtures to wheat root elongation were generated using a standard sand culture bioassay. A geochemical multi-surface speciation model (MSM) with default parameters was employed to predicted the dissolved metal contents Cdis of three soils collected in China with different properties. Several toxicity models (TU/CAM + FIAM/BLM/GCSM) were screened to identify the one yielding the most accurate predictions. The results showed that metal bioaccumulation was better predicted by the MSM-Cdis integrated with the dose-accumulation equation (RMSE © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

Surface-Air Exchanges of H2s and So2 in an Urban Wetland in Eastern China

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yu, Qian Wang, Wenjia Chang, Jiale Li, Han Zhang, Zimeng Ke, Piaopiao Duan, Lei Zhang, Lei Zhao, Yu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China / Physics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki00014 Finland State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China

Wetlands are widely recognized as major natural sources of hydrogen sulfur (H2S), an important biological sulfur gas that significantly affects atmospheric SO42- aerosol formation and climate change. With the expansion of urban wetlands, it is critical to know the roles that urban wetlands played in atmospheric H2S and SO2 budget. SO2 have higher concentrations in urban regions. In this study, the surface-air exchange fluxes of H2S and SO2 were measured by the Dynamic Flux Chamber (DFC) method in a typical urban wetland in eastern China from Sep 2022 to July 2023. It was found that the urban wetland did not have the expected high H2S emission, might be caused by the relatively high pH value and low sulfate concentration in the wetland. Although H2S showed emission in the daytime of spring and summer, an overall H2S flux of -0.04 kg S ha-1 yr-1 was observed throughout the year. Meanwhile, the urban wetland presented a net sink of SO2, with the deposition reaching 0.14 kg S ha-1 yr-1. The flux of SO2 was significantly negatively correlated with SO2 concentration in the air and negative peaks of SO2 flux corresponded to the suddenly elevated SO2 concentration in the ambient air especially in spring and winter. Through linear fitting of SO2 flux and concentration, the concept of SO2 "compensation point" was proposed. The "compensation point" in summer and autumn were larger, being 2.37 ppb and 1.40 ppb, respectively, and they were 1.07 ppb and 0.86 ppb in spring and winter respectively. The compensation point changed with the season and was related to temperature, and humidity. Our results suggest that the urban wetland expansion may have little risk of increasing air H2S but could act as a significant sink of SO2 with high SO2 concentration in the urban region. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

Enhancing Cadmium Uptake in Rice Grains Through Chloride Intervention: Field-Based Investigations and Perspectives

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Guo, Jingxia Ge, Chenghao Abulimiti, Madinai Hu, Cong Wang, Guo Zhou, Dongmei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China College of Resource and Environmental Science Soil Environmental Health and Regulation Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice ecosystems poses substantial threats to global food security and ecological integrity. This study examines the effect of chloride (Cl-) addition on the dynamics of Cd in soil and rice plants. Our findings indicated that Cl- addition markedly decreased soil pH, increased Eh, and facilitated the formation of Cl-Cd complexes, resulting in enhancing the solubility, mobility, and bioavailability of Cd. Furthermore, Cl- addition also led to considerable reductions in DTPA-extractable iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which indirectly boosted Cd uptake by rice roots, ranging from 17.4% to 65.0%, through the upregulation of transport genes OsNramp1 and OsNramp5, and decreased iron plaque formation by 23.1% to 27.2%. Additionally, Cl- stimulated Cd transport form roots to shoots by upregulating the OsHMA2 gene, enhancing Cd accumulation in rice tissues and facilitating its translocation across plant compartments, ultimately resulting in elevated Cd levels in brown rice (41.3%~76.1%). Field trials have substantiated that Cl- application significantly enhanced Cd absorption in rice plants cultivated in slightly acid and Cd-contaminated soils, implying introducing Cl- exacerbates the risk of Cd accumulation in rice grains. Consequently, to safeguard food safety and protect ecological health, the use of Cl-containing materials in agricultural practices should be avoided. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biochemistry

Biological Denitrification Performance of Two Sulfur-Slow-Release Carbon Source Mixed Fillers

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Peng, Zhen Shi, Hang Wu, Shengkai Fan, Yao Ye, Xu Liu, Qisong Liu, Bo State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University # 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing210023 China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Chengdu China

Long-term operation of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) process leads to pH reduction, nitrite accumulation, a low nitrogen removal efficiency and excessive sulfate in the effluent. Two slow-release carbon source (SRC) fillers (reactors S2 and S3) were designed to couple SAD with heterotrophic denitrification by using SRC and sulfur particles (reactor S1) as components, combining the advantages of both processes while avoiding secondary pollution. During reactor operation, S3 showed the best denitrification performance. Under the optimal hydraulic retention time of 4 h, different influent nitrate concentrations of 39.92±0.59 mg/L and 20.22±0.45 mg/L achieved average nitrate removal efficiencies up to 88.01±3.62% and 94.28±2.52%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene analysis at the genus level showed that the coupled reaction had the highest relative abundance of Thiobacillus associated with SAD, and SAD dominated the coupled system. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

Literature review: substance and infectious disease surveillance from wastewater-based epidemiology

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Literature review: substance and infectious disease surveill...

第四届环境资源与能源工程国际学术会议

作者： Liulin Xi Ce Wang Tao Li School of Energy and Environment Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing University Taihu Basin Monitoring Center of Hydrology and Water Resources

As the scale of illicit drug abuse and the expansion of pandemic diseases increase, traditional epidemiological surveillance methods are unable to meet the demand of massive real-time observations. The promising approach of wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE) as an effective supplement to traditional surveillance methods relates domestic wastewater to the information of the population within a determined sewer collection area, as its advantages of non-privacy, low-cost and high-efficiency. Resorting to detection and analysis of wastewater samples, the consumption and dispersion of an epidemic substance in a community can be inverse-calculated in an easy way. This review introduces the origin and development of WBE to emerge the great potential of WBE in applications, and recommends basic procedures and calculation *** we focus on its role in monitoring the consumption of some substances(e.g., tobacco, alcohol, sedative narcotic drugs, illicit psychotropic drugs, and synthetic chemicals) and its forewarning signal in epidemic,and finally provides insight into challenges and prospectives.

关键词： Literature review substance and infectious disease surveillance from wastewater-based epidemiology

Activation of Peracetic Acid by Thermally Modified Carbon Nanotubes: Organic Radicals Contribution and Active Sites Identification

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Shen, Wuziyue Yang, Libin Zhou, Zhe Gao, Haiping Zhou, Xuefei Zhang, Yalei Chen, Jiabin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China

Carbon materials activated peracetic acid (PAA) as an environmentally friendly technology has attracted wide attention for pollutants degradation. In this work, thermally modified carbon nanotubes (CNT-t) were applied to efficiently activate PAA for phenol (PE) degradation. The identification of active sites involved in PAA activation and the contributions of different reactive radicals to the PE degradation were systematically investigated. Excellent removal efficiency of PE was obtained in the CNT−800/PAA system within 30 min at neutral conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique and radical quenching studies confirmed that organic radicals were the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the reaction process, while •OH made limited contribution to PE degradation. The material characterization proved that the lattice defects rate of CNT is positively correlated with the catalytic activity. The adsorption models verified that the double-vacancy defects (CNTs-DV) played a major role on the adsorption of PAA and activation process. In contrast to the influence of chlorine and carbonate ions, the PE degradation in CNT/PAA system was strongly affected by the initial pH and the presence of humic acid. Moreover, CNT-800 can still maintain good catalytic activity after five-cycle runs. Overall, this work not only provides valuable insights for the rational design and directional synthesis of high-performance nano-carbon catalysts, but also proposes a very meaningful oxidation system for wastewater treatment. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalyst activity

Molecular Oxygen-Assisted in Defect-Rich ZnO for Catalytic Depolymerization of Polyethylene Terephthalate

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cao, Jingjing Lin, Yuheng Zhou, Tianpeng Wang, Wei Zhang, Quanxing Pan, Bingcai Jiang, Wei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse National Engineering Research Center for Organic Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Department of Chemistry Centre for Pharmacy University of Bergen Bergen5007 Norway

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the most production polyester plastics, its waste has a disruptive impact on the environment and ecosystem. Here, we report a catalytic depolymerization of PET into bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) using molecule oxygen (O2)-assisted in defect-rich ZnO. At air, the PET conversion rate, the BHET yield, and the space-time yield are 3.5, 10.6 and 10.6 times higher than those in nitrogen, respectively. Combining structural characterization with the results of DFT calculations, we conclude that the (100) facet of defect-rich ZnO nanosheets conducive to formation of reactive oxygen species (*O2-) and Zn defect, promotes the PET breakage of the ester bond and thus complete the depolymerization processed. This approach demonstrates a sustainable route for PET depolymerization by molecule-assisted defect engineering. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysis

Trade-Off between Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron Activity and Stability: Regulation of Iron Sulfides by Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yanshi Li, Fengmin Wang, Xiao Zhao, Chengxuan Zhang, Yiqiao Wang, Chunguang Li, Yanlu Xu, Chunhua Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China State Key Lab of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan250100 China

The reactivity and stability of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) are inherently contradictory. Iron sulfides (FeSX) on the S-ZVI surface play multiple roles including electrostatic adsorption, catalyzing reduction, and acted as protective layer and reaction platform. We proposed to balance the reactivity and stability of S-ZVI by modulating iron sulfides. Benefiting from the superior coordination and accelerate electron transport capabilities of phosphate, environmentally friendly ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was employed to regulate the FeSX in this study. Therefore, the N, P, and S-incorporated ZVI (NPS-ZVI) was prepared by liquid-phase precipitation using ADP as the nitrogen and phosphorus source. Raman spectra, FTIR, XPS, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined to reveal that NH3 and HPO42- act as the main N and P species on the Fe surface, respectively. The superior reactivity of NPS-ZVI was quantified by different parameters (kobs, kSA, kM), which were 210.77, 27.44, and 211.17-fold than ZVI, respectively. Compared to S-ZVI, NPS-ZVI demonstrated excellent pH tolerance and reusability, and there was no risk of secondary pollution. Critically, NPS-ZVI could effectively maintain FeSX stability under the combination of diffusion limitation and surface protection mechanisms of ADP which demonstrated excellent long-term stability. The superior reactivity of NPS-ZVI was attributed to that ADP maintains FeSX stability and accelerates electron *** study provides a novel strategy in balancing the reactivity and stability of S-ZVI and offers theoretical support for material modification. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

A nanoscale observation to explain the discrepancy of electron exchange capacities between biochar containing comparable surface redox-active moieties

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 503-517页

作者： Shasha Li Liming Shao Hua Zhang Xuemin Lu Fan Lü Pinjing He State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Shanghai Multi-Source Solid Waste Collaborative Treatment and Energy Engineering Technology Research Center ShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China

Biochar,possessing electron exchange capacities(EEC),is generally involved in environmental redox reactions due to the presence of redox-active moieties(RAMs).The phenomenon that chars containing comparable RAMs possess differential EEC revealed that the accessibility of RAMs is important to the redox ***,many studies have focused on the type of RAMs,whereas the distribution has been insufficiently ***,we achieved nanoscale observation of electroactive moieties on the surface of six chars using a conductive atomic force *** the two specific kinds of chars with submicron particles and opposite current distributions,the submicron particles took up only 1-4‰wt of biochar accounting for approximately 30-50%of electron-donating capacity(EDC),and electron-accepting capacity(EAC)became 87%and 1.40 times as before after removing submicron particles,***,the combined impact of RAMs and surface topography(that uneven distribution of RAMs resulted in outstanding EEC by enhancing accessibility)was ***,direct evidence of the link between char structure and EEC(that condensed aromatic structures were indispensable to EAC while both heteroatoms and amorphous aromatics contributed to EDC)was *** findings can aid in understanding the functions of biochar in biotic and abiotic redox processes.

关键词： Biochar Pyrogenic chars Redox property Electron exchange capacity C-AFM