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Microplastics and Tcep Pollutants in Agricultural Soil: How Do They Disrupt Earthworm Homeostasis by Interfering with Their Metabolites and Gut Microbiota?

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Cao, Jing Wang, Qian Lei, Yumeng Jiang, Xiaofeng Li, Mei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Agricultural soil contamination with plastic film has become a critical global environmental problem, requiring greater research on the possible co-exposure effects of microplastics (MPs) and their additives in soil ecosystems. The presence of MPs and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (Tcep) in agricultural soil was investigated at nine sites in this study. Polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) and Tcep were found at all nine sites. To study co-exposure effects on soil microbiota and earthworms, and to model a more likely exposure situation, 0.05% (w/w) PE-MPs with three particle size ranges were combined with 1.0 mg/kg Tcep. After 28 days of exposure, there was no indication that added PE-MPs and/or Tcep significantly impacted the soil microbial community structure. In earthworm, size-selective intake, digestion, and egestion of PE-MPs may occur, and Tcep co-exposure affects the residual Tcep concentration in earthworm intestines (3.52–9.31 μg/g dw). Long-term earthworm PE-MPs intake caused intestinal damage, and Tcep co-exposure increased oxidative stress, thereby influencing their feeding behavior and growth, resulting in weight loss (3.42%–14.96%), especially for the most common PE-MPs sizes (0–300 μm). An LC-MS-based metabolomic analysis revealed significantly up-regulated citrate ( p © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microplastic

Wavelength dependency and photosensitizer effects in UV-LED photodegradation of iohexol

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Water Research 2024年 255卷 121477页

作者： Xu, Meng-Yuan Zeng, Chao Lin, Yi-Li Zhang, Tian-Yang Fu, Qi Zhao, Heng-Xuan Luo, Zhen-Ning Zheng, Zheng-Xiong Cao, Tong-Cheng Hu, Chen-Yan Xu, Bin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 824 Taiwan School of Chemical Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai200092 China College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai200090 China

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are ubiquitously present in water sources and challenging to eliminate using conventional processes, posing a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems. Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LED) emerge as a promising technology for transforming micropollutants in water, boasting advantages such as diverse wavelengths, elimination of chemical additives, and no induction of microorganisms’ resistance to disinfectants. The research reveals that iohexol (IOX) degradation escalates as UV wavelength decreases, attributed to enhanced photon utilization efficiency. Pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) were determined as 3.70, 2.60, 1.31 and 0.65 cm2 J−1 at UV-LED wavelengths of 255, 265, 275 and 285 nm, respectively. The optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and anions undeniably influence the UV-LED photolysis process through photon competition and the generation of reactive substances. The influence of Cl− on IOX degradation was insignificant at UV-LED 255, but it promoted IOX degradation at 265, 275 and 285 nm. IOX degradation was accelerated by ClO2−, NO3−and HA due to the formation of various reactive species. In the presence of NO3−, the kobs of IOX followed the order: 265 > 255 > 275 > 285 nm. Photosensitizers altered the spectral dependence of IOX, and the intermediate photoactivity products were detected using electron spin resonance. The transformation pathways of IOX were determined through density functional theory calculations and experiments. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) yields of IOX during UV-LED irradiation decreased as the wavelength increased: 255 > 265 > 275 > 285 nm. The cytotoxicity index value decreased as the UV-LED wavelength increased from 255 to 285 nm. These findings are crucial for selecting the most efficient wavelength for UV-LED degradation of ICM and will benefit future water purification design. © 2024

关键词： Photolysis

Composition of Virus Communities and Dynamic Changes in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Tianjin, China

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Peng, Liang Yang, Fengxia Shi, Jingliang Liu, YiXin Pan, Liuzhu Mao, Daqing Luo, Yi College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Nankai University Tianjin300071 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource reuse School of the Environment Nanjing university Nanjing210093 China School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Tianjin300191 China

Environmental viruses in wastewater and sludge are widely recognized for their roles in waterborne diseases. However, previous studies mainly focused on RNA viruses, little is known about the diversity of DNA viral communities and their driving factors in municipal wastewater treatment environments. Herein, we conducted a pilot study to explore DNA virus profiles in municipal wastewater and recycled sludge by metagenomics method, as well as track their temporal changes in northern China. Results showed that 467 viral species were co-shared among all the samples. We identified 13 families of human viruses with a prevalence of 0.1%, which were rare but relatively stable in wastewater and sludge for six months. Adenoviridae, Parvoviridae, Herpersviridae were the most dominant human viral families in municipal wastewater and recycled sludge. A time series of samples revealed that the dynamic changes of human DNA viruses were stable based on qPCR results, particularly for high risk fecal-oral transmission viruses of adenovirus, bocavavirus, and polyomavirus. Concentrations of Adenovirus (5.39-7.48log10 copies/mL) and bocavirus (4.36-7.48 log10 copies/mL) were observed to be the highest in these samples compared to other viruses. Our findings demonstrated the high prevalence and persistence of DNA viruses in municipal wastewater treatment environments, also highlighting the value of enhancing public health responses based on wastewater-based viral epidemiology. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： DNA

Mgfe2o4/Mgo Modified Biochar with Oxygen Vacancy and Surface Hydroxyl Groups for Enhanced Peroxymonosulfate Activation to Remove Sulfamethoxazole Through Singlet Oxygen-Dominated Nonradical Oxidation Process

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sun, Zhenhua Li, Jing Wang, Xuejiang Xia, Siqing State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Investigation Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd Shanghai200050 China YANGTZE Eco Environment Engineering Research Center China Three Gorges Corporation Beijing100038 China

Nonradical oxidation plays a crucial role in the contaminant degradation due to their high selectivity and anti-interference ability. In this study, we report that PMS activated by MgFe2O4/MgO modified biochar (MMFBC) achieves almost complete nonradical oxidation process dominated by 1O2 for degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The experimental results show that MMFBC exhibits excellent performance for SMX degradation, and is not susceptible to interference from coexisting ions and different water matrices. Oxygen vacancy (OV) and surface −OH groups on MMFBC surface are detected and considered to be crucial for nonradical processes. Characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the co-adsorbed PMS and dissolved oxygen (O2) near OV form a localized high-density electron transfer process. With the premise of hydrogen bonding between PMS and surface −OH groups, PMS acts as an electron donor to OV, which in turn transfers electron to O2 through the iron cycle involving Fe(II)/Fe(III). Finally, the electron acceptor O2 undergoes conversion into •O2−, which subsequently transforms into 1O2 to achieve nonradical oxidation processes. This work provides an in-depth investigation into the OV and surface −OH groups mediated nonradical oxidation mechanism, and proposes a novel insight into electron-transfer processes among PMS, O2 and catalyst. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxygen vacancies

An Estimation of Future County-Level Cement Production and Associated Air Pollutant Emissions in China Through Artificial Neural Networks

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Jiayu Yang, Jinya Dong, Jiaxing Li, Siwei Xing, Jia Zhao, Yu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Rd. Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing of Land and Atmosphere School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan University Hubei 430079 China Tsinghua University China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Jiangsu 210044 China

Cement production and its air pollutant and carbon dioxides (CO2) emissions in China will be relocated greatly as a joint effect of diverse development of industrial economy and implementation of environmental policies for different regions. The future pathway and spatial pattern of emissions are important for policy making of air quality improvement and carbon emission abatement, as well as coordinating regional development. In this study, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict cement production at the county level and to calculate the associated emissions of air pollutants and CO2 at the county level till 2060. Results show that the cement production will decline from 2,327 million metric tons (Mt) in 2015 to 770 Mt in 2060 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1 (SSP1). Counties closer to provincial capital will experience greater retirement of cement industry. Likewise, the emissions of air pollutants and CO2 will experience a steady downward trend driven by the declining cement production and the improvement of pollution control technologies. There will be a more significant regional heterogeneity in the reduction of production and emissions at city level compared to the province level. With the clearance for more than two-thirds of counties, future cement production and emissions will be more intensively distributed in a few cities. The shares of emissions in southwestern regions will grow from 2015 to 2060 while those of eastern regions will continue decreasing. The comparison between the changing spatial distributions of emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) indicates a positive effect of existing policies in reconciling regional economic development and air pollution controls. The outcome could support the analyses on the impact of industrial development on air quality and public health, and the method can be applied widely for other industrial sectors for a more comprehensive understanding of future emission relocation. ©

关键词： Carbon dioxide

Foliar Application of Sio2 and Zno Nanoparticles Affected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Uptake of Amaranth (Amaranthus Tricolor L.): A Metabolomics and Typical Statistical Analysis

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Cai, Yue Yuan, Binbin Ma, Xiaoyue Fang, Guodong Zhou, Dongmei Gao, Juan Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Nano-enabled foliar-application could be an ideal strategy for advancing agricultural productivity. However, it remains largely unknown whether they inhibit or promote uptake of pollutants. Here, we systematically examined how foliar applying SiO2 nanoparticle (nSiO2 ) and ZnO nanoparticle (nZnO) (20 nm, 100 mg·L-1 ), influence polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) uptake in 4-week-old amaranth ( Amaranthus tricolor L.). Tesults showed that foliar application of nSiO2 or nZnO enhanced amaranth biomass by 20.2-26.4% but decreased PAHs bioaccumulation in leaves by 20.4-54.9% after 7-d incubation. Changes regarding amino acid related pathways (alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis) and energy maintenance pathways (TCA cycle) were observed after foliar application. Specific PLS-DA analyses with total PAHs uptake as the biological endpoint showed that the contents of PAHs positively correlated with valine (R2 = 0.799) and tyrosine (R2 = 0.789), but negatively correlated with D-tagatose (R2 = 0.805) and L-gulonolactone (R2 = 0.877), indicating greater oxidant stress under higher PAHs level. We propose that mechanisms of declined uptake of PAHs involves the biomass-dependent dilute effect and activation of biological response against PAHs accumulation. These findings provide a prospective vision on how nano-enabled foliar-application alleviates PAH-enriched environmental burden while produce higher-yield agricultural products, especially for low toxic and biocompatible nSiO2 © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

In Vivo Relative Bioavailability of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa) and its Alternative Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid (Hfpo-Ta): Influence of Food and Mechanisms Exploration

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Cui, Xinyi Gu, Qian Juhasz, Albert Chen, Yi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson LakesSA5095 Australia

The extensive use of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and its substitute hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) has resulted in their frequent detection in environmental and biological samples. However, little is known of their bioavailability via oral ingestion and the influence of food co-ingestion on absorption. Here, the relative bioavailability (RBA) of PFOA and HFPO-TA in soil was measured using an in vivo mouse model in the presence of food with different nutritional status (n = 11). PFOA and HFPO-TA RBA in soil was variable depending on nutrient co-administration, ranging from 29.8-95.5% and 43.9-68.0%, respectively. For both PFOA and HFPO-TA, a significantly negative correlation was observed between RBA and protein content in food (r = 0.57-0.72), while a positive correlation was observed with carbohydrate content (r = 0.51-0.57). Mechanistic studies showed that protein in food decreased PFOA and HFPO-TA RBA by down-regulating the expression of FABP1 and up-regulating the expression of Mrp4 in the liver, which are responsible for the absorption and efflux of PFOA and HFPO-TA. Dietary carbohydrates promoted albumin synthesis and up-regulated FABP1 expression thereby enhancing absorption and increasing PFOA and HFPO-TA RBA. This study provides an insight into potential dietary strategies for reducing exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oligomers

Enhanced Photocatalytic Toluene Oxidation on Cn Species Modified Tio2: Nitrogen Doping state and Anti-Inactivation Mechanism

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wan, Haiqin Zeng, Xiaoshan Shi, Bingqing Qian, Qiuhui Tong, Qing Zou, Weixin Gao, Bin Dong, Lin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control Center of Modern Analysis Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States

The photocatalytic oxidation of toluene is limited by low mineralization and inactivation. Cheap carbon and nitrogen (CN) species on TiO2 provide an efficient strategy. CN species from the urea calcination in situ formed on TiO2 were denoted as UTx (x=0.5, 1, 2), and UT1 photocatalyst had the best performance of ca. 90% conversion and 85% mineralization of toluene in light(λ≥400 nm, RH= 20%), with keeping for at least 720 min. The excellent activity of UT1 photocatalyst was resulted from the observed interstitial nitrogen and CN species with triple bonds. Because easily forming interstitial nitrogen resulted in isolated states and more negative VBM to generate hydroxyl radicals, and CN species with triple bonds was beneficial for transferring electrons and opening benzene rings. Therefore, quinone intermediates on UT1 were oxidized to 3-hydroxyglutaric dialdehyde and deeply mineralized, while more accumulated benzaldehyde on TiO2 led to poorer stability. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

A Stochastic Exposure Model Integrating Random Forest and Agent-Based Approaches: Evaluation for Pm2.5 in Jiangsu, China

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhou, Qi Wang, Xin Shu, Ye Sun, Li Jin, Zhou Ma, Zongwei Liu, Miaomiao Bi, Jun Kinney, Patrick L. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Boston University BostonMA United States

This research proposes an Activity Pattern embedded Air pollution Exposure Model (AP2EM), based on survey data of when, where, and how people spend their time and indoor/outdoor ratios for microenvironments. AP2EM integrates random forest and agent-based approaches to simulate the stochastic exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) along with indoor and in-vehicle PM2.5 of outdoor origin. The R2 of the linear regression between the model's calculations and personal measurement was 0.65, which was more accurate than the commonly-used aggregated exposure (AE) model and the outdoor exposure (OE) model. The population-weighted PM2.5 exposure estimated by the AP2EM was 36.7 μg/m3 in Jiangsu, China, during 2014-2017. The OE model overestimated exposure by 54.0%, and the AE model underestimated exposure by 6.5%. These misestimate reflect ignorance of traditional studies on effects posed from time spent indoors (~85%) and doing low respiratory rate activities (~93%), problems of biased sampling, and neglecting low probability events. The proposed AP2EM treats activity patterns of individuals as chains and uses stochastic estimates to model activity choices, providing a more comprehensive understanding of human activity and exposure characteristics. Overall, the AP2EM is applicable for other air pollutants in different regions and benefits China's air pollution control policy designs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems