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Insights on anaerobic co-digestion of carbohydrate and protein at high load: synergy evolution and inhibition transfer mechanism

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 518卷

作者： Zhou, Jialiang Ming, Siqi Zhang, Yuanhui Liu, Hongbin Duan, Na Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources Beijing 100083 China Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana 61801 IL United States Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

The anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of carbon-rich and nitrogen-rich substrates has significant synergistic effect in methane production, but its synergy mechanism is still unclear, which hinders the in-depth understanding of the synergistic effect in AcoD and the establishment of scientific proportioning rule based on organic components. This study determined the synergy evolution and revealed the two-way synergistic mechanism between carbohydrate and protein in AcoD system. The addition of certain protein can avoid the acidification of AD process with high-concentration carbohydrate by providing additional alkalinity to neutralize H⁺. However, the increased dosage of protein (≥60 %) would change the acid inhibition gradually to ammonia inhibition. The optimal dosage of protein was 40 % of carbohydrate with the highest methane conversion efficiency of 0.93, where that of carbohydrate mono-digestion was only 0.16. On the other hand, low proportion of carbohydrate can reduce ammonia inhibition during the AD process of high-concentration protein through promoting the conversion of free ammonia to ammonium ion, but the excessive addition (≥60 %) would significantly inhibit the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen and then aggravate the ammonia inhibition. The suitable dosage of carbohydrate was 40 %–50 % of protein with the optimal methane conversion efficiency of 0.68–0.71, where that of protein mono-digestion was only 0.55. These results provide a deep insight in the two-way synergistic mechanism between carbohydrate and protein in the AcoD process, and promote the concrete implementation of AcoD with multiple substrates.

关键词： Anaerobic co-digestion Carbohydrate Inhibition transfer mechanism Protein Synergistic effect

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Metal-Free Photocatalytic CO2Reduction to CH4and H2O2under Non-sacrificial Ambient Conditions

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第49期135卷

作者： Dr. Weixin Zou Yingyi Cheng Dr. Yu-Xin Ye Xiaoqian Wei Dr. Qing Tong Prof. Lin Dong Prof. Gangfeng Ouyang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control Center of Modern Analysis Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education LIFM School of Chemistry IGCME Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology IGCME Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 P. R. China

Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CH 4 requires photosensitizers and sacrificial agents to provide sufficient electrons and protons through metal-based photocatalysts, and the separation of CH 4 from by-product O 2 has poor applications. Herein, we successfully synthesize a metal-free photocatalyst of a novel electron-acceptor 4,5,9,10-pyrenetetrone (PT), to our best knowledge, this is the first time that metal-free catalyst achieves non-sacrificial photocatalytic CO 2 to CH 4 and easily separable H 2 O 2 . This photocatalyst offers CH 4 product of 10.6 μmol ⋅ g −1 ⋅ h −1 under non-sacrificial ambient conditions (room temperature, and only water), which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the reported metal-free photocatalysts. Comprehensive in situ characterizations and calculations reveal a multi-step reaction mechanism, in which the long-lived oxygen-centered radical in the excited PT provides as a site for CO 2 activation, resulting in a stabilized cyclic carbonate intermediate with a lower formation energy. This key intermediate is thermodynamically crucial for the subsequent reduction to CH 4 product with the electronic selectivity of up to 90 %. The work provides fresh insights on the economic viability of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to easily separable CH 4 in non-sacrificial and metal-free conditions.

关键词： Ambient CO2 Reduction Photocatalysis Polymer Metal Free

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Nanoencapsulation of arsenate with nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI):A 3D perspective

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Science Bulletin 2018年第24期63卷 1641-1648页

作者： Airong Liu Wei Wang Jing Liu Rongbing Fu Wei-xian Zhang State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongii UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Chemical Sdence and Engineering Tongji UniversztyShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

The principal forces driving the efficient enrichment and encapsulation of arsenic(As) into nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) are the disordered arrangement of the atoms and the gradient chemical potentials within the core-shell interface. The chemical compositions and the fine structure of nZVI are characterized with a combination of spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(Cs-STEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy(XEDS), electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS), and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(HR-XPS). Atomically resolved EELS at the oxygen K-edge unfolds that the Fe species in nZVI are well stratified from Fe(Ⅲ) oxides in the outermost periphery to a mixed Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) interlayer, then Fe(Ⅱ) oxide and the pure Fe(0) phase. Reactions between As(Ⅴ)and nZVI suggest that a well-structured local redox gradient exists within the shell layer, which serves as a thermodynamically favorable conduit for electron transfer from the iron core to the surface-bound As(Ⅴ). HR-XPS with ion sputtering shows that arsenic species shift from As(Ⅴ), As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ) to As(Ⅴ)/As(Ⅲ)/As(0) from the iron oxide shell–water interface to the Fe(0) core. Results reinforce previous work on the efficacy of nZVI for removing and remediating arsenic while the analytical TEM methods are also applicable to the study of environmental interfaces and surface chemistry.

关键词： Arsenate Nanoscale zero-valent iron Spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy Electron energy-loss spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Bibliometrics and systematic reviews: Recent development and prospects of electrode materials for capacitive deionization

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Desalination 2025年 599卷

作者： Xue Yang Junfeng Li Wenying Qu Wenhuai Wang Pu Wang Jie Ma College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China Water Resources and Water Environment Engineering Technology Center Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials and Structural Safety School of Civil Engineering Kashi University Kashi 844000 PR China Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang PR China Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 PR China

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is recognized as an innovative and environmentally friendly technology for seawater desalination, and the development of electrode materials playing a crucial role in CDI history. By conducting a scientometric analysis of academic papers on CDI electrode materials from 2010 to 2024, this study investigates the development of such materials through the identification and visualization of collaboration networks, reference co-citation networks, and keyword co-occurrence networks. The findings reveal an exponential growth in research output in this field. Notably, Faraday electrode materials, particularly MXenes, emerge as current research hotspots and are expected to dominate future investigations into CDI electrode materials. Furthermore, carbon-based materials exhibiting high performance continue to attract significant attention. It is anticipated that advancements in electrode material development will facilitate the practical implementation of CDI.

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Phage Lysis-Mediated Reduction of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Alleviates Micro/Nanoplastic-Driven Antimicrobial Resistance Dissemination in Anaerobic Digestion

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Water Research 2025年

作者： Xingxing Zhang Pengbo Jiao Bing Li Xu-Xiang Zhang Liping Ma Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 PR China Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control Ministry of Ecology and Environment Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 PR China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 PR China Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area Ministry of Natural Resources Shanghai 200062 PR China

Micro/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) prevalent in anaerobic digestion (AD) have posed escalating threats to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination, yet mechanistic insights remain insufficient. Here we investigated polypropylene (PP)-MPs (200 μm) and PP-NPs (100 nm) at environmentally relevant concentrations (10, 50, and 100 mg/g TS) on antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dynamics and transfer mechanisms using metagenomics and bioinformatic modeling. PP-MPs/NPs significantly elevated (6.4–17.8%, p < 0.05) ARG abundance through selective enrichment of aminoglycoside, mupirocin, multidrug, polymyxin, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and novobiocin ARGs. Metagenomic assembly revealed the particle-induced ecological niche specialization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), notably the multi-resistant ESKAPE pathogen Enterobacter hormaechei (53.4–69.4% enrichment, p < 0.05), which harbored mobile aad A, qac Edelta1, and sul 1 via conjugative plasmids. Mechanistically, MPs/NPs facilitated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through synergism of plasmids and phages. The enhanced abundance of conjugation elements, enriched plasmid-borne ARGs, and extensive HGT events promoted plasmid-conjugative transfer, while the strongly correlated ARG-carrying lysogenic phage−host pairs highlighted phage-mediated transfer under MPs/NPs. The significant increase of phage-to-host-ratio (1.0–1.2 folds) revealed the underestimated role of phages lysing ARB under MPs/NPs stress, thereby contributing to ARG load reduction. A novel risk assessment framework prioritizing prevalence, enrichment, mobility, and host pathogenicity identified dfr A3, mef B, OXA-347, and tet 44 as high-risk biomarkers and quantified 1.5–9.9% increased health risks in digestate-exposed scenarios. These findings reveal the neglected role of phage lysis driving ARG reduction, providing actionable targets for mitigating plastic-driven resistance in AD.

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Risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles and other contaminants in terrestrial plants

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Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health 2018年 6卷 21-28页

作者： Du, Wenchao Xu, Yanwen Yin, Ying Ji, Rong Guo, Hongyan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210046 China

Nanoparticles (NPs) will inevitably interact with co-existing contaminants after release to soil environment. There are potential routes affecting their interaction and consequent bioaccumulation and phytotoxicity. The joint effects of NPs and other contaminants on terrestrial plants are increasingly investigated but still limited. To provide a sound basis for risk assessment, more research should evaluate the joint effects under soil realistic conditions. This will promote the potential application of NPs in soil remediation, or as nano fertilizer/pesticide. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Bioaccumulation Co-existing contaminants Joint toxicity Plant Soil

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Efficient simultaneous degradation and dechlorination of chlorophenylacetonitrile by vacuum ultraviolet-sulfite advanced reduction system

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 494卷 138768页

作者： Wang, Feifei Zhang, Haiting Qin, Weiran He, Chiquan Maeng, Sung Kyu Hofman, Jan Chu, Wenhai School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of Water Innovation and Research Centre Department of Chemical Engineering University of Bath BathBA2 7AY United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlor(am)inated drinking water and wastewater pose risks to human health and ecological safety. Studies on the degradation of the formed DBPs, especially aromatic DBPs, are quite limited. Recently, advanced reduction processes (ARPs), generating highly reactive reductive radicals to break the carbon-halogen bonds, as an emerging technology for refractory organic compound degradation has attracted attention. This study, for the first time, explored the degradation of a representative nitrogenous and aromatic DBP, 2-chlorophenylacetonitrile (2-CPAN), by VUV/UV/sulfite-based ARP system, and investigated the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors. The results demonstrated that VUV/UV/sulfite system achieved over 98.6 % and 86.8 % degradation of 2-CPAN from tap water and wastewater within 60 minutes although inorganic ions existing in real waters slightly inhibited its degradation, highlighting its potential for practical application in real waters. Due to VUV direct photolysis and the generation of more reactive species, VUV/UV/sulfite exhibited superior performance in 2-CPAN degradation (98 %) than UV/sulfite (81 %). Furthermore, VUV/UV/sulfite system maintained a stable degradation efficiency across a wide range of pH (5−11) and sulfite dosages (0.25–5.0 mM), and achieved 90 % degradation even under oxic conditions. Mechanism studies confirmed the presence of hydrated electrons (eaq−), hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals in VUV/UV/sulfite system, with eaq− identified as the primary contributor to 2-CPAN degradation. Chlorine in 2-CPAN was primarily released as chloride ions, achieving 94 % dehalogenation within 15 minutes. The above findings revealed that VUV/UV/sulfite could be a promising technology for aromatic DBP degradation in real waters. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Disinfection

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Integration of coagulation, acid separation and struvite precipitation as fermentation medium conditioning methods to enhance microbial lipid production from dewatered sludge

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Bioresource Technology Reports 2019年 7卷

作者： Liu, Jia Mu, Tianshuai He, Wenjie He, Tuo Lu, Lijun Peng, Kaiming Huang, Xiangfeng College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

This study explored an integrated proposal of using dewatered sludge to prepare media for Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 for accumulation of microbial lipids. A volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-containing solution produced by thermal alkaline pretreatment and anaerobic fermentation was used as the cultivation media. Combined conditioning processes including coagulation, acid separation, and struvite precipitation were innovatively set up to remove 98.1% of the ammonia nitrogen and 24.8%–52.3% of unavailable organics in the solution. The conditioned solution could be bio-converted to lipids at about 1.95 g/L with 39.7% lipid content, which was comparable to that achieved with waste activated sludge. The proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were enhanced to 67.1%–74.4% by the integrated conditioning processes. Lipids produced from dewatered sludge were proposed to be favorable raw materials for biodiesel production. © 2019

关键词： Coagulation

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Particle Size Distribution Based Occurrence Features of Organic Components in Printing and Dyeing Wastewater under a Treatment Process 4

Particle Size Distribution Based Occurrence Features of Orga...

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2019 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy and Environment Research, ICAEER 2019

作者： Li, Yuan Liu, Jie Yu, Yibiao Zhu, Hao Shen, Zheng Zhang, Yalei National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture Tongji University Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai200092 China China Rural Technology Development Center Beijing100032 China

A more detailed occurrence features of organic matters in the printing and dyeing wastewater, based on its particle size distribution (PSD) and along with a wastewater treatment process, was conducted to provide a support for advanced treatment. Results suggested that, (1) In the dyeing wastewater, the occurrence characteristic of COD was: soluble>supra colloidal>colloidal>settleable;However, for protein, the supra colloidal was dominant, followed by the soluble. The feature of the polysaccharide was consistent with COD's. In the wastewater, 29.66% of COD could be attributed to proteins and 3.45% of the COD could be attributed to polysaccharides. (2) The relationship among the forms of COD in the primary sedimentation tank, aerobic tank, secondary sedimentation tank, and reverse osmosis-treated concentrated effluent was consistent, that was: soluble>colloidal>supra colloidal>settleable. (3) In the primary sedimentation tank, the settleable COD was almost completely removed;In the aerobic tank, the residual super colloidal COD was not much;After MBR-RO treatment, the COD in the reverse osmosis concentrated water was almost dissolved and only a little presented in other forms. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2019.

关键词： Particle size analysis

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Elevated Co2 Alleviated the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Sulfadiazine-Contaminated Soil: A Free-Air Co2 Enrichment Study

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Xu, Meiling Xiang, Qian Xu, Fen Guo, Lei Carter, Laura J. Du, Wenchao Zhu, Chunwu Yin, Ying Ji, Rong Wang, Xiaozhi Guo, Hongyan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou225127 China Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China Department of Cadre Ward Eastern Theater General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Nanjing210002 China School of Geography Faculty of Environment University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom School of Environment Nanjing Normal University Nanjing210023 China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Science Nanjing210008 China Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science University of Leeds Nanjing University Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Climate change affects soil microbial communities and their genetic exchange, and subsequently modifies the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria. However, how elevated CO2 impacts soil antibiotic resistome remains poorly characterized. Here, a free-air CO2 enrichment system was used in the field to investigate the responses of ARGs profiles and bacterial communities to elevated CO2 (+200 ppm) in soils amended with sulfadiazine (SDZ) at 0, 0.5 and 5 mg kg−1. Results showed that SDZ exposure induced the co-occurrence of beta-lactamase and tetracycline resistance genes, and SDZ at 5 mg kg−1 enhanced the abundance of aminoglycoside, sulfonamide and multidrug resistance genes. However, elevated CO2 weakened the effects of SDZ at 0.5 mg kg−1 following an observed reduction in the total abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements. Additionally, elevated CO2 significantly decreased the abundance of vancomycin resistance genes and alleviated the stimulation of SDZ on the dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance genes. Correlation analysis and structural equation models revealed that elevated CO2 could directly influence the spread of ARGs or impose indirect effects on ARGs by affecting soil properties and bacterial communities. Overall, our results furthered the knowledge of the dissemination risks of ARGs under future climate scenarios. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antibiotics

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