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The occurrence characteristics, removal efficiency, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludges from across China

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Chemosphere 2024年 351卷 141033页

作者： Lv, Nan Wang, Bingqing Wang, Hui Xiao, Tingting Dong, Bin Xu, Zuxin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center China Three Gorges Corporation Beijing100038 China

Sewage sludge is considered to be an important sink for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater treatment plants and the potential risks from sludge contaminated with PAHs during land application has attracted attention. To identify the priority PAHs for control and enhance their removal from sludge, the occurrence characteristics, removal efficiency, and risk assessment of PAHs in sewage sludges from across China were analyzed. Data collection was from 2001 to 2023. Results showed that 16 PAHs were widely detected in Chinese sewage sludge with total amounts (∑16PAHs) between 0.06 and 34.93 mg kg dw−1. Fossil fuel, coal, and biomass combustion are main anthropogenic sources of PAHs in China. In general, phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluorescein (FL), chrysene (CHR), pyrene (PYR), and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) are regarded as the main components and PAHs with 3–5 rings dominate (84.01%–91.53%) sewage sludge in China. Although aerobic composting and anaerobic treatment significantly improve ∑16PAHs removal, sludge stabilization treatment only reduced the risk by a small amount, especially for high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs. The benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA) are proposed as the priority control contaminants for sewage sludge in China because they have consistently high-risk quotient (RQ) values of 2.42–7.47, 1.28–3.16, 1.06–1.83 before and after sludge stabilization, respectively. More attention should be paid to BaA, BbF, benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), BaP, DahA, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP) in Beijing;ANT, BaA, and BaP in Shanghai;and BaA and BaP in Guanghzou. Although the toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) for PAHs met the limit concentration requirements of the national standard, the potential health risks due to long-term exposure to HMW PAHs cannot be ignored because the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was consistently in the risk threshold range (>1 × 10−6). Some suggestions on e

关键词： Risk assessment

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Simultaneous Elimination of Sulfamethoxazole, Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes by Mgfe2O4/Mgo Modified Biochar Activated Peroxymonosulfate: Performance, Mechanism and Application Potential

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Xuejiang Wang, Guanlu Sun, Zhenhua Liu, Yiyang Chen, Xi Yan, Changchun State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Laboratory of Solid Waste Environmental Risk Control Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science Guangzhou510045 China Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai200233 China

The extensive utilization of antibiotics has resulted in an escalation of antibiotic resistance (AR), which represent a significant threat to human health. In this study, a MgFe2O4/MgO modified biochar (MMFBC) activated peroxymonosulfate oxidation system (MMFBC/PMS) was constructed to eliminate sulfamethoxazole (SMX), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrated that the oxidation system was capable of fully inactivating E. coli DH5α within 30 min, and the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) frequency of sulfonamides ARG (sul1) was decreased to the lowest level within just 2 min ([MMFBC] = 0.4 g/L, [PMS] = 1.0 mM, initial E. coli DH5α concentration: ~ 108 CFU/mL). Meanwhile, the MMFBC/PMS could achieve synchronous removal of SMX within 30 min ([SMX] = 20 mg/L). Singlet oxygen (1O2) was the primary reactive oxygen species for the disinfection process. From the perspective of time evolution, the mechanism underlying simultaneous elimination of ARB and ARGs were analyzed. It was found that proteins were preferentially damaged, and the leakage of cellular contents due to membrane impairment played an important role in the initial decrease of HGT frequency. Furtherly, the system was implemented for treatment of actual livestock wastewater to assess its application potential. The metagenomic analysis revealed that MMFBC/PMS treatment effectively achieved sterilization, and led to a significant reduction in the relative abundance of HGT-related functional genes and ARGs. Overall, this work provided a practical approach to control AR and new insights for improvement of disinfection efficiency. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Escherichia coli

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Molecular Insights into the Bioavailability and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus and Nitrogen in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Bai, Hongwei Tan, Wenbing Yuan, Ying Li, Dongyang Kang, Yike Liu, Qiao Cui, Dongyu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China Beijing100083 China Nanjing University China

Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) have high potential bioavailability, making them key factors in the water eutrophication process. For wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one of the challenges in alleviating eutrophication in receiving waters is reducing levels of DOP and DON, which are harder to remove than inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. In this study, for the first time we simultaneously investigated the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in a WWTP at the molecular level, via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and paired mass distance (PMD)-based network analysis. Results showed that the removal of DOP and DON in the biological treatment contributed 83.3% and 100.3%, respectively, to the total removal in the WWTP. Meanwhile, the double bond equivalence values of DOP and DON increased during the biological treatment but decreased during the advanced treatment, indicating that the biological treatment plays a dominant role in reducing the concentration and bioavailability of DOP and DON. PMD-based network analysis indicated that the variation in the bioavailability of DOP and DON in the biological treatment was primarily associated with the transformation from low unsaturation lipid- and protein-like species to highly unsaturated lignin-like species. Our findings enhance the understanding of the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in WWTPs, which might shed light on more effective strategies for upgrading WWTPs to meet more stringent nutrient discharge limits in the future. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eutrophication

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Low-Carbon Pathway in Municipal Life Plastic Waste Disposal Can Bring Net Benefit: A Case Study for Nanjing, China

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Zi-Yang Liu, Li-Na Jiang, Wei Zhang, Quan-Xing Sun, Ping State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China JSTI Energy Technology Development Co. Ltd. Nanjing210017 China

The disposal of Municipal Life Plastic Waste (MLPW) in Nanjing not only contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but also fails to fully exploit its economic benefits. This study investigates the long-term potential for emission reduction associated with MLPW disposal, in line with China's "14th Five-Year Plan for Plastic pollution". Employing an integrated bottom-up model, we assessed the lifecycle material flow of Nanjing's MLPW in 2020 and predicted its environmental impact and benefits to 2060 under multi-objective low-carbon scenarios. Results suggest measures combing source reduction, biomaterial replacement, recycling and utilization can yield significant environmental and economic benefits. The strategy proposed in this study is expected to achieve 96.3% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, while also obtaining significant economic benefits up to 2060. We advocate that prioritizing mechanical recycling is the optimal path to mitigate emissions and enhance economic benefits. The study provides data support and path recommendation for the management of municipal life plastic waste. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Waste disposal

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Enhancing the Efficiency of Enterprise Shutdowns for Environmental Protection:An Agent-Based Modeling Approach with High Spatial–Temporal Resolution Data

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Engineering 2024年第11期42卷 295-307页

作者： Qi Zhou Shen Qu Miaomiao Liu Jianxun Yang Jia Zhou Yunlei She Zhouyi Liu Jun Bi School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China The Center of Enterprise Green Governance Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China

Top-down environmental policies aim to mitigate environmental risks but inevitably lead to economic losses due to the market entry or exit of *** study developed a universal dynamic agent-based supply chain model to achieve tradeoffs between environmental risk reduction and economic *** model was used to conduct high-resolution daily simulations of the dynamic shifts in enterprise operations and their cascading effects on supply chain *** includes production,con-sumption,and transportation agents,attributing economic features to supply chain components and cap-turing their *** also accounts for adaptive responses to daily external shocks and replicates realistic firm *** coupling high spatial-temporal resolution firm-level data from 18916 chemical enterprises,this study investigates the economic and environmental impacts of an environmen-tal policy resulting in the closure of 1800 chemical enterprises over three *** results revealed a significant economic loss of 25.8 billion USD,ranging from 23.8 billion to 31.8 billion ***,over 80%of this loss was attributed to supply chain *** analyses indicated that imple-menting a staggered shutdown strategy prevented 18.8%of supply chain losses,highlighting the impor-tance of a gradual policy implementation to prevent abrupt supply chain ***,the study highlights the effectiveness of a multi-objective policy design in reducing economic losses(about 29%)and environmental risks(about 40%),substantially enhancing the efficiency of the environmental *** high-resolution simulations provide valuable insights for policy designers to formulate strategies with staggered implementation and multiple objectives to mitigate supply chain losses and environmental risks and ensure a sustainable future.

关键词： Agent-based model Supply chain network Economic sustainability Environmental policy

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Adverse Molecular Toxicity Induced by the Antibacterial Agent Triclosan on Freshwater Microalgae Euglena Gracilis: Perspective from the Transcriptomic and Risk Assessment

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lu, Ting Zhang, Tong Yang, Weishu Yang, Bin Cao, Jing Li, Mei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Triclosan (TCS), a commonly used antibacterial preservative, has been demonstrated to have high toxicological potential and adversely affect the water bodies. Since algae are one of the most significant primary producers on the planet, understanding the toxicological processes of TCS is critical for determining its risk in aquatic ecosystems and managing the water environment. The physiological and transcriptome changes of Euglena gracilis were studied after 7 days of TCS treatment. A distinct inhibition ratio for the photosynthetic pigment content in E. gracilis was observed from 2.64% to 37.42% at 0.3–1.2 mg/L, with TCS inhibiting photosynthesis and growth of the algae by up to 38.62%. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase significantly changed after exposure to TCS compared to the control, indicating that the cellular antioxidant defense responses were induced. Interestingly, a toxic dose-response relationship was observed, in which the growth toxic effect increased with increasing TCS concentrations from 0.6–1.2 mg/L. Based on transcriptomics, the enriched differentially expressed genes were main biological processes, involved in metabolism pathways and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. These findings establish the groundwork for future research into the molecular toxicity to microalgae induced by aquatic pollutants, as well as indicating that adequate water environment management is critical and providing fundamental data and recommendations for TCS ecological risk assessment. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Algae

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A Group of Emerging Heterocyclic Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts: Formation and Cytotoxicity of Halopyridinols in Drinking Water

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Leyi Zhong, Hongli Chen, Xueyao Chen, Xun Zhou, Qing Li, Aimin Pan, Yang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Yangtze River Innovation Center for Ecological Civilization Jiangsu Nanjing210019 China

Recently, a new group of nine halopyridinol disinfection byproducts (DBPs) was reported in drinking water. The in vivodevelopmental and acute toxicity assays have shown that they were more toxic than a few commonly known aliphatic DBPs such as bromoform and iodoacetic acid. However, many pyridinol DBPs with the same main structures but different halogen substitutions were still unknown due to complicated water quality conditions and various disinfection methods applied in drinking water treatment plants. Studies on their transformation mechanisms in drinking water disinfection were quite limited. In this study, comprehensive detection and identification of halopyridinols were conducted, and five new halopyridinols were first reported, including 2-chloro-3-pyridinol, 2,6-dichloro-3-pyridinol, 2-bromo-5-chloro-3-pyridinol, 2,4,6-trichloro-3-pyridinol and 2,5,6-trichloro-3-pyridinol. Formation conditions and mechanisms of the halopyridinols were explored, and results showed that chlorination promoted their formation compared with chloramination. Halopyridinols were intermediate DBPs that could undergo further transformation/degradation with increasing contact time, disinfectant dose, bromide concentration, and pH. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the halopyridinols was evaluated using human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results showed that the cytotoxicity of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol was the highest (EC50 = 474.3 μM), which was 13.0 and 1.6 times higher than that of 2-bromo-3-pyridinol (EC50 = 6214.5 μM) and tribromomethane (EC50 = 753.6 μM), respectively. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potable water

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In Situ Fabrication of Highly Dispersed Co-Fe-Doped-Δ-Mno2 Catalyst by a Facile Redox-Driving Mofs-Derived Method for Low-Temperature Oxidation of Toluene

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Huang, Qianlin Zhao, Puzhen Wang, Weiwei Lv, Lu Zhang, Weiming Pan, Bingcai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Herein, a facile redox-driving MOFs-derived method was successfully developed to fabricate highly dispersed Co-Fe-doped-δ-MnO2 catalysts (Co-Fe-δ-MnO2) for low-temperature oxidation of toluene. The as-obtained Co-Fe-δ-MnO2-20% catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity (225℃) and robust durability in the presence of 5vol.% water vapor. This excellent catalytic performance was primarily ascribed to its unique MOFs-like nanostructure, rich oxygen vacancies, weaker Mn-O bond strength, and good reducibility at low temperatures, which originated from successfully inheriting the framework structures of MOFs and the highly ordered properties of Co and Fe metal clusters in MOFs to realize homogenous co-doping. Furthermore, in-situ DRIFTS spectra results confirmed both adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and lattice oxygen (Olatt) could simultaneously participate in the toluene degradation, and revealed that more Oads and high-mobility Olatt induced by this method contribute to accumulating and mineralizing key intermediate, and thus promoting the toluene degradation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds

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Boosted visible-light-induced photo-Fenton degradation of organic pollutants over a novel direct Z-scheme NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@FeOCl heterojunction catalyst

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Chemosphere 2024年 365卷 143347页

作者： Zelekew, Osman Ahmed Haitosa, Haileyesus Hatano He, Lina Ma, Hui Cai, Junyi Wang, Ziqi Wu, Yi-nan College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University 1239 Siping Rd. Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security 1239 Siping Rd. Shanghai200092 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia

Improving the charge separation, charge transfer, and effective utilization is crucial in a photocatalysis system. Herein, we prepared a novel direct Z-scheme NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@FeOCl (Ti-MOF@FeOCl) composite photocatalyst through a simple method. The prepared composite catalyst was utilized in the photo-Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The Ti-MOF@FeOCl (10FeTi-MOF) catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance and degraded 99.1 and 66% of RhB and CIP, respectively. However, the pure NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (Ti-MOF) and FeOCl catalysts achieved only 50 and 92% of RhB and 50 and 37% of CIP, respectively. The higher catalytic activities of the Ti-MOF@FeOCl composite catalyst could be due to the electronic structure improvements, photoinduced charge separations, and charge transfer abilities in the catalyst system. The composite catalysts have also enhanced adsorption and visible light-responsive properties, allowing for efficient degradation. Furthermore, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals, the reactive species trapping experiments, and Mott-Schottky (M − S) measurements revealed that the photogenerated superoxide radical (•O2−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and holes (h+) played a vital role in the degradation process. The results also demonstrated that the Ti-MOF@FeOCl heterojunction composite catalysts could be a promising photo-Fenton catalyst system for the environmental remediation. Environmental implications The discharging of toxic contaminants such as organic dyes, antibiotics, and other emerging pollutants to the environment deteriorates the ecosystem. Specifically, the residues of organic pollutants recognized as a threat to ecosystem and a cause for carcinogenic effects. Among them, ciprofloxacin is one of antibiotics which has biological resistance, and metabolize partially in the human or animal bodies. It is also difficult to degrade ciprofloxacin completely with traditional treatment methods. Similarly, organic dye

关键词： Electron spin resonance spectroscopy

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Pyrochar relieved the negative effects of hydrothermal pretreatment of sludge on vivianite production in anaerobic digestion

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 516卷

作者： Cheng, Yafei Xu, Xiaofeng Shi, Yan Sun, Meichen Zhang, Chao Shi, Zhijian Zhang, Yalei Zhang, Shicheng Luo, Gang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai200433 China College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang China Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes Shanghai200438 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China

Although hydrothermal pretreatment of sludge and the addition of pyrochar have been shown to enhance methane production in anaerobic digestion (AD) of sludge, their impact on vivianite formation remains to be explored... 详细信息

关键词： Hematite

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