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Catalytic Ozonation of an Imidazole Ionic Liquid Via Fe3o4-Zno Nanocomposites: Performance, Products and Reaction Mechanism

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SSRN 2022年

关键词： Magnetite

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Ecological Risk of Azole Fungicides During the Urban Water Cycle in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Yangyang Gu, Xinjie Li, Xiuwen Zhao, Qiuyun Hu, Xiaodong Huang, Rui Xu, Jixiong Yin, Zilong Zhou, Qing Shi, Peng Li, Aimin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu Province Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing210023 China

Azole fungicides (AFs) play a vital role in preventing and treating fungal diseases in agricultural crops. However, there have been limited studies focusing on the fate and ecological risk of AFs in the urban water cycle at a large watershed scale. To address this gap, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk of twenty AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River across four seasons. Our findings revealed that all AFs were detected in surface water except for triazophos (TAP) and mepanipyrim (MAP). Among the detected AFs, carbendazim (CBA), tebuconazole (TBA), tricyclazole (TCA), and propiconazole (PPA) emerged as the dominant compounds. Their highest concentrations were recorded in January (188.0 ng/L), and November (2197.0 ng/L), July (162.0 ng/L), and November (1802.0 ng/L), respectively. The comparison between effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and surface water pointed towards industrial WWTPs as a major source of AFs in the Yangtze River. Specifically, TBA and PPA were found to be the most recalcitrant AFs in industrial WWTPs, while DFA in municipal WWTPs, with an average removal rate of below 60%. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the average risk quotient (RQ) for total AFs in the fall was 6.45, higher than that in January (0.98), April (0.61), and July (0.40). This indicates that AFs in surface water during dry seasons posed higher environmental risks. Additionally, the exposure risk of AFs through drinking water to sensitive populations deserves more attention. This study provides benchmark data on the occurrence of AFs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and offers suggestions for better reduction of AFs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

Catalytic Ozonation of an Imidazole Ionic Liquid Via Fe3o4-Zno Nanocomposites: Performance, Products and Reaction Mechanism

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Tian, Jie Wei, Junyan Liang, Yeping Guo, Ruixue Li, Beibei Qu, Ruijuan Zhou, Dongmei Wang, Zunyao Sun, Ping State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China

This study aimed to investigate the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-ZnO in the ozonation of 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([HMIM]Br). The Fe3O4-ZnO composite was prepared by a quick and convenient two-step coprecipitation method, and the optimum mass ratio of Fe3O4:ZnO was determined as 1:8. The structure, surface morphology, and chemical composition of the Fe3O4-ZnO composites were studied by characterization methods. The degradation efficiency of [HMIM]Br reached 96% in five minutes in catalytic ozonation with the Fe3O4-ZnO composite, an increase of 20% compared with ozonation alone. Moreover, the pseudo-first-order rate constant increased by a factor of approximately 1.5. With the increase in the Fe3O4-ZnO dosage, the degradation efficiency of [HMIM]Br first improved and then decreased, and the optimum dosage was 0.25 g/L. The increase in pH value and the introduction of Cu2+ effectively promoted the catalytic ozonation of [HMIM]Br with Fe3O4-ZnO, while the reducing inorganic ions inhibited the ozonation reaction. Different water matrices had little influence on the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-ZnO. Radical scavenging and EPR experiments showed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (O2•-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the main active species in this system. Meanwhile, product identification showed that the degradation of [HMIM]Br mainly included hydroxylation, imidazole ring cleavage and bond cleavage. Toxicity prediction illustrated that the catalytic ozonation of [HMIM]Br could effectively reduce its toxicity. The efficiency, toxicity, reusability, and stability experiments suggested that the developed catalyst, Fe3O4-ZnO composite, had promising prospects in catalytic ozonation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zinc oxide

Rare Earth-Doped Ni/MgAl2O4 Catalysts Prepared Via a One-Step Sol–Gel Method for Steam Reforming of Volatile Organic Solvents at Low Temperature

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lin, Feng Ma, Xiangwei Chen, Zezhi Gong, Huijuan Xu, Mingze State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Center of Material Analysis Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

The volatile organic solvents recovered from pharmaceutical and chemical industries are often incinerated as waste, which poses a serious threat to the environment. An innovative and cost-effective alternative involves transforming the recovered solvents into gas fuel (H2, CO, CH4) for electricity generation through catalytic steam reforming. However, there are still no literature reports on catalysts highly efficient in reforming organic solvents of different structures. In this study, Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts modified with La, Ce or Pr rare earths were synthesized using a novel one-step sol–gel method. Among these catalysts, the Ni-La/MgAl2O4 exhibited exceptional low-temperature performance, achieving a conversion efficiency of 97.3 % at 550 oC for the recovered solvent (the mixture of toluene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane). The outstanding performance of Ni-La/MgAl2O4 catalyst arises from the structural compatibility between low-spin La atom and Ni cluster, which enables La to modify Ni dispersion and electronic structure more significantly than Ce or Pr. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Temperature

Revisiting the Role of H2o2 in Periodate Electro-Activation System: The Non-Dependence in Pollutant Removal

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Zhengwei Ye, Guojie Zong, Yang Zhao, Zhenyu Hou, Chengsi Chen, Zuofeng Wu, Deli State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science & Engineering Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

The existence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) within the electro-activation of periodate (PI) system is conventionally considered as conducive to the removal of pollutants. However, this study discovered an unusual phenomenon: the pollutants removal did not depend on H2O2. The removal efficiency of pollutants and the yield of hydroxyl radical (·OH) are enhanced after quenching H2O2. Therefore, this study aims to revisit and delve deeper into the role of H2O2, particularly in the generation of active species. Mixed metal oxide and graphite felt are selected as the anode and cathode for the activation of PI in Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. There exist two distinct pathways for PI activation, including direct cathodic electroreduction and indirect in-situ generated H2O2 catalysis. The BPA removal efficiency increased after adding catalase, with all efficiencies exceeding 80% within 40 minutes. Meanwhile, multiple probing techniques clearly identify the variety of active species and generation pathway such as Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), LC-QTOF-MS, and quenching experiment. Electrogenerated H2O2 serves as a precursor for the generation of superoxide radical anions (O2·-) and singlet oxygen (1O2), yet it diminishes the efficiency of direct cathode activation due to the consumption of PI. Furthermore, the system demonstrated excellent stability, applicability, and cleanliness, effectively removing contaminations without the accumulation of iodine byproducts. The degradation intermediates products of BPA are monitored and the toxicities are evaluated. The study provides novel insights into the regulation of active species for contaminant elimination and electrode design, holding significant implications for specialized sewage treatment. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen peroxide

Acceleration of Start-Up of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor at Low Temperature by Adding Specialized Quorum Sensing Bacteria

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Fu, Hui-Min Wang, Jinfeng Ren, Hongqiang Ding, Lili State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China

This study aims to accelerate biofilm formation and operational performance of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at 5 ℃ by adding specialized Quorum Sensing bacteria (sphingomonas rubra BH3T). Results showed that bio augmented MBBR (RS) achieved a higher COD and NH4+-N removal rate (93% and 75%), which in accordance with its increased biofilm thickness, higher biofilm activity, and nitrifying bacteria abundance (Nitrospira). The increased biofilm thickness during the whole operating time, accompanied by more potent adhesion force, was related to increased polysaccharides and proteins in the biofilm. Pyrosequencing analysis indicated that BH3T contributed to higher species richness and triggered the rapid growth of precursor microorganisms (Nakamurella, Micropruina, and Zoogloea) and the enrichment of multifunctional microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Dechloromonas, and Flavobacterium) at low temperatures. This study provides an economical and practical new insight into accelerating start-up of MBBR system at low temperature. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Temperature

control locations confuse evaluation of passivation effects of iron-based biochar and selenium applications on wheat grain cadmium accumulation in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil

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Pedosphere 2025年第3期35卷 549-559页

作者： Feng JING Yan GAO Hongbo LI Guangping FAN Qingya ZHANG Xuezhen GAO Dongmei ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 (China) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 (China) Jiangsu DDBS Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210012 (China)

Inhibiting cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat grains could reduce the risk of human exposure to Cd. This study conducted a field experiment and evaluated the effects of iron (Fe)-based biochar and selenium (Se) applications alone or in combination on Cd accumulation in wheat grains in a Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soil of rice-wheat rotation farmland. Considering soil Cd heterogeneity in the field, we set up 22 replicates of control (CK) and three replicates of each Fe-based biochar and/or Se treatment. Results clearly showed that the CK locations could greatly affect the evaluation of whether the difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between treatments and CK was significant. There was an insignificant difference in the wheat grain Cd concentration between the treatment and the adjacent CK replicates. Although soil Se application at 2 mg kg −1 and foliar Se application at 4 mg L −1 significantly increased the grain Se concentration as compared with the adjacent CK replicates, they still could not reduce the Cd concentration in wheat grains. However, when compared to the CK replicates that had the highest grain Cd concentration, foliar and soil applications of Se could significantly reduce the wheat grain Cd concentration by 47.7% and 41.3%–46.1%, respectively. No matter which CK replicates were selected, the application of Fe-based biochar had no significant impact on Cd accumulation in wheat grains, and there was no significant difference in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-Cd concentration between the Fe-based biochar treatment and adjacent CK replicates. In conclusion, applying Fe-based biochar and Se in the field could not reduce the Cd accumulation in wheat grains in Cd-contaminated weakly alkaline soils.

关键词： field experiment foliar Se application Se accumulation soil Cd heterogeneity toxic metal wheat Cd

High Concentrated Enrofloxacin Promotes the Denitrification of Leaf Biofilms by the Inhibited Growth of Submerged Macrophyte

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jiang, Xue He, Di Wang, Mengmeng Huang, Xu Zhu, Jinling Yang, Shunqing Fang, Fei Yang, Liuyan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Resources and Environment Anqing Normal University Anqing246133 China

Antibiotics can restrain the microbial communities and functions in aquatic systems. However, the influencing mechanism of ENR on the growth of submerged macrophyte and nitrogen transformation functions of leaf biofilms on submerged macrophyte remain inadequately elucidated. The result revealed that the content of chlorophyll a and Fv/Fm decreased by 37.66% and 61.20% respectively if initial ENR concentration was 10.0 mg/L. High ENR concentrations injured the leaf cells of V. natans, resulting in the cellular content release that increased the total organic carbon (TOC) in water bodies. Denitrifiers in leaf biofilms could utilize organic matters released by V. natans for denitrification, and their tolerance to ENR were enhanced under high organic matters condition. Quantitative analysis of denitrification functional genes indicated that the ratio of initial ENR to TOC (E/T) of 0.44 was an inflection point from decrease to increase denitrification gene expression. Microorganisms up-regulated amino acid, sugar anabolism and energy metabolism to resist high concentrated ENR stress and promote denitrification. This study established a scientific foundation for antibiotic interference with the nitrogen conversion function of leaf biofilms and the growth of submerged macrophyte. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antibiotics

Insights into the Role of Vocs Properties on Desorption Behaviors of Two Porous Polymeric Resins

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Huijuan Yu, Yansong Yang, Zemin Liu, Zhimin Long, Chao School of Eco-Environment Hebei University Baoding071002 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Desorption is a critical process in the recovery or post-treatment of adsorbents saturated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, the thermal desorption behaviors for eight VOCs on hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (HPR) and macroporous polymeric resin (MPR) were investigated through isothermal desorption and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Compared with MPR, HPR with more micropores exhibited a lower desorption rate constant, lower desorption efficiency and higher desorption activation energy due to the strong binding energy generated between VOCs molecules and narrow micropores. As the polarizability of VOCs increased, the desorption rate constants on two porous polymeric resins decreased, while the desorption activation energy showed an incremental trend. Excellent linear correlations were observed between VOC polarizability and desorption rate constants (R2=0.957 for HPR and R2=0.940 for MPR) as well as between VOC polarizability and desorption activation energy (R2=0.981 for HPR and R2=0.969 for MPR). Furthermore, a polyparameter linear free energy relationship (PP-LFER) was developed to explore the influences of intermolecular interactions on desorption behaviors of VOCs on porous polymeric resins. The results indicated that the dispersive interaction, which is directly related to polarizability of VOCs, was the primary factor influencing the desorption activation energy of VOCs on porous polymeric resins. The find from this study helps evaluate fleetly and availably the desorption properties of VOCs based on their polarizability. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds