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Insights into Ph and Temperature on the Lactic Acid Production from Household Food Waste in an Open System by Semi-Continuous

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Dai, Xiaohu Song, Liang Liu, Rui Liu, Shiyu Yang, Donghai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

The recovery of high value-added products, lactic acid (LA) from household food waste (HFW) by anaerobic fermentation in an open system has attracted more and more attention. However, there has been disagreement on the operation conditions, especially the pH and temperature. The HFW was fermented in nine semi-continuous reactors at different pH (5.0, 7.0, and 9.0) and temperatures (35°C, 52°C, and 70°C). Bio-production of LA from HFW was achieved under hyperthermophilic conditions for the first time. The highest LA concentration was 17747.7±1512.6 mg/L with a LA yield of 0.49 g LA/g VSadded/d at pH 7 at 70°C. The high activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and low activities of acetate kinase (ACK) resulted in high LA concentration and proportion under hyperthermophilic conditions. The result of 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing suggested that different microbial populations were enriched under diverse operating conditions. The LA production at 70°C was dominated by Lactobacillus and Clostridium. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lactic acid

Benchmarking Wastewater Discharge Standards, Treatment Technologies and Implications in the Southern Africa Development Community Region, Africa

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ndiweni, Kwanele Wang, Hongtao UNEP Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development College of Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education State key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Wastewater discharge standards have continual evolved in both spatial and limit stringency in the recent decades, due to realization of linkages between environmental degradation to effluent disposals. We analysed wastewater discharge standards and treatment technologies within the Southern African Development Community (SADC), inland member states. We found that all inland SADC countries have legislated effluent discharge standards for point sources, with a total of 127 parameters across the eleven countries. Analysis revealed high variation, 33.89% standard deviation in the general parameter coverage and on comparative index ranking, only 36.36% occupy third and fourth quartiles within SADC region countries indicating inherent, weak threshold limits and fragmented effluent discharge approaches. In order to achieve discharge regulatory limits and reach Sustainable Development Goals 6 (SDG 6) targets, appropriate technologies for wastewater treatment have to be utilized. Here, we found countries wastewater technologies consist of waste stabilization ponds at approximately 45 – 83.3% and convectional activated sludge plants being remainder. Past performance assessments indicated these wastewater technologies in use by the SADC countries are failing to reach agreed discharge regulatory limits. Hence, our analysis concludes that existing weak operational nexus for wastewater discharge standards and treatment technologies for the region exposes the region to intra-region water pollution transmission. These findings are useful for policy implementors as they bring perspective of need to have regional benchmarks and guidelines for environmental protection strategies. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

The Divergency of Microbiological Influenced Corrosion for Diverse Pipe Materials in the Drinking Water Distribution System

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yu, Haitao Li, Weiying Zhang, Wei Sun, Shengxin Song, Xin Zhang, Guosheng College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China Tongji University China

Microbiological influenced corrosion (MIC) was prevalent in the water supply industry, especially in drinking water distribution system (DWDS) where ferrous materials are the main component. The MIC behaviors for four popular pipe materials (304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, Q235 carbon steel, and nodular cast iron) were studied by the dynamic water supply network simulation in the paper. The biomass densities of surface coupons in the experimental period were ranked as follows: nodular cast iron (20562 cells/mm2, ICC) > Q235 carbon steel (8697cells/mm2, ICC) > 316 stainless steel (6350 cells/mm2, ICC) > 304 stainless steel (5520 cells/mm2, ICC). Microbial community structure was mainly influenced by environmental factors, in especial the pipe materials significantly impacted dominant genera inhabited on experimental materials, among which the 316 stainless steel showed the best biostability. Moreover, the profile of polarization resistance and corrosion current exhibited a similar variation tendency, which increased in the first 30 days and then decreased later. The maximum corrosion current of each material was 2.10 × 10-4 A (304SS), 2.70 × 10-4 A (316SS), 2.58 × 10-4 A (Q235 carbon steel), and 1.30 × 10-4 A (nodular cast iron). SEM and XRD results confirmed that the surficial porous corrosion layer controlled the diffusion process of iron corrosion where β-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH were the main components of the corrosion product. Overall, the results of community diversity, electrochemical parameters, and corrosion layer structure showed that 316 stainless steel possessed the best biological corrosion resistance among the four kinds of pipes. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potable water

Enhanced sensitivity of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to environmental concentrations of antibiotic

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Chemosphere 2024年 360卷 142434页

作者： Lin, Huai Li, Ruiqing Chen, Yuying Cheng, Yuan Yuan, Qingbin Luo, Yi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing211816 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University Shen Zhen518000 China

As emerging contaminants, antibiotics are frequently present in various environments, particularly rivers, albeit often at sublethal concentrations (ng/L∼μg/L). Assessing the risk associated with these low levels, which are far below the lethal threshold for most organisms, remains challenging. In this study, using microcosms containing planktonic bacteria and biofilm, we examined how antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different physical states, including intracellular ARGs (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) responded to these low-level antibiotics. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between sub-lethal antibiotic exposure (ranging from 0.1 to 10 μg/L) and increased prevalence (measured as ARG copies/16s rDNA) of both iARGs and eARGs in planktonic bacteria. Notably, eARGs demonstrated greater sensitivity to antibiotic exposure compared to iARGs, with a lower threshold (0.1 μg/L for eARGs versus 1 μg/L for iARGs) for abundance increase. Moreover, ARGs in biofilms demonstrates higher sensitivity to antibiotic exposure compared to planktonic bacteria. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we established an integrated population dynamics-pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PD-PP) model. This model indicates that the enhanced sensitivity of eARGs is primarily driven by an increased potential for plasmid release from cells under low antibiotic concentrations. Furthermore, the accumulation of antibiotic in biofilms induces a greater sensitivity of ARG compared to the planktonic bacteria. This study provides a fresh perspective on the development of antibiotic resistance and offers an innovative approach for assessing the risk of sublethal antibiotic in the environment. © 2024

关键词： Antibiotics

Combination of suspect and nontarget screening with exposure assessment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance prioritization in Chinese municipal wastewater

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Environment International 2025年 198卷 109384页

作者： Mu, Hongxin Chen, Ling Zhou, Rong Gu, Luyao Yu, Yue Tang, Jin Zhang, Houhu Ren, Hongqiang Wu, Bing Bu, Yuanqing Research Center of Solid Waste Pollution and Prevention Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing210042 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 219 Ningliu Road Nanjing210044 China

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic environments, making their identification and priority rank crucial for risk control. Wastewater samples were collected from 148 municipal WWTPs in China to determine the occurrence and risk prioritization of PFASs. A total of 61 PFASs were identified, including 14 legacy and 47 emerging PFASs, using machine learning prediction-enhanced suspect and nontarget screening techniques. PFASs were detected in all wastewater samples, with perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), fluoromeric sulfonic acid (FTSA), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide-like (PFSM) substances being the predominant classes. The exposure loads of legacy and emerging PFASs to the Chinese population were 71.8 and 52.9 μg·day−1·people−1, respectively, and textile and clothing products might be the primary PFAS exposure pathways. Through a risk prioritization method integrating toxicity and exposure data, ten legacy and five emerging PFASs were flagged as high-priority substances requiring additional attention. As the PFAS risk removal efficiency by conventional biological treatment processes was only 0.7 %, the PFAS risk priority patterns in influent and effluent were similar (r = 0.86, p © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Wastewater treatment

The Dissolution of Polysaccharides and Amino Acids Enhanced Lactic Acid Production from Household Food Waste During Pretreatment Process

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Song, Liang D., Yang R., Liu S., Liu X., Dai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

A large amount of household food waste (HFW) is produced yearly, resulting in environmental problems and financial burdens. Bio-production of lactic acid (LA), a high value-added platform chemical, from HFW by anaerobic fermentation is a promising way of resource recovery. However, the LA production yield from HFW is low. This paper compared several pretreatment methods (hydrothermal pretreatment, chemical pretreatment, and combined hydrothermal and chemical pretreatment) to improve LA production from HFW. The result showed that the combined pretreatment (alkali-thermal pretreatment at pH 10 and 120 °C) significantly increased the LA production than single hydrothermal and chemical pretreatment. The pretreatment process promoted the dissolution of organics, especially the polysaccharides and amino acids, and further influenced the LA production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. Among the amino acids, Asp, Thr, Glu, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Ile, Arg, and Pro significantly correlated with LA concentrations. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Amino acids

Performance and mechanism investigation on the enhanced photocatalytic removal of atrazine on S-doped g-C3N4

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Chemosphere 2024年 347卷

作者： Zheng, Anqi Xie, Siqi Li, Kewang Zhang, Chaojie Shi, Huijie School of Chemical Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China

Developing efficient method for removing low-concentration atrazine, a poisonous chlorinated triazine herbicide with poor biodegradability, was an important measure to control its risk. In this work, highly efficient photocatalytic oxidation of atrazine was achieved on S-doped g-C3N4 (S-g-C3N4). Approximate 99.6% of atrazine was removed in 2 h with a reaction rate constant of 2.76 h−1, nearly 2.44 times that on g-C3N4. The mechanism investigation indicated the improved photocatalytic performance of S-g-C3N4 could be attributed to the enlarged specific surface area, extended light absorption as well as the accelerated separation of the photogenerated charge carriers, which was brought about by the successful doping of sulfur in g-C3N4. Meanwhile, the influence of sulfur doping on the generation and contribution of different reactive species in atrazine removal were also elucidated. It revealed that compared with g-C3N4, the more positive valence band potential of S-g-C3N4 was beneficial to produce more singlet oxygen, which could react synergistically with the superoxide radicals, leading to the improved atrazine removal efficiency. The S-g-C3N4 based photocatalytic system also showed preferential photocatalytic oxidation capability in removing other triazine pesticides compared with 3-chlorophenol (3-CP). The potential applicability of the S-g-C3N4 based photocatalytic system in removing atrazine in high salty water was also investigated, which exhibited superior anti-interference ability towards virous coexistent ions. This work will provide essential and fundamental information for establishing efficient photocatalytic system for triazine type pollutants in waters. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Risk assessment

Neurobehavioral Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of 2-Aminobenzothiazole Exposure on Zebrafish

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gu, Jie Guo, Liguo Chen, Chen Ji, Guixiang Wang, Lei Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Nanjing210042 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

2-Aminobenzothiazole (NTH), a benzothiazole derivative, exhibits potent biochemical activities and plays a significant role in modern industry. Widespread and intensive utilization of NTH has led to its detection in aquatic environments, encompassing both groundwater and surface water. Despite its wide usage, the effect of NTH on developmental neurotoxicity in aquatic organisms remains uncharted. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to create exposure models for short- and long-term studies in order to analyse the neurobehavioural toxic impact of NTH (0, 50, 500, and 5000 μg/L) on zebrafish, which includes motor function, anxiety, and memory performance, as well as to examine the mechanism of neurotoxicity. The results revealed a significant suppression of initial embryonic mobility by NTH. However, during short-term exposure experiments, it did not significantly impact the developmental neurobehavioral functions of zebrafish. In addition, significant effects on zebrafish were observed after long-term exposure to 50 and 500 μg/L NTH, mainly impacting locomotion, social behaviour, anxiety, and cognitive functions. Moreover, NTH caused oxidative damage in adult zebrafish brain tissue, which was accompanied by abnormal expression of oxidative damage-related genes. Furthermore, the Real-Time PCR results indicated a significant suppression of genes related to exposure to NTH, specifically those in the GABA synthesis pathway (gabrg2, gad2, gad1b, and abat) and the 5-HT synthesis pathway (tph2, tph1b, pet1, and htr1aa). Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that chronic exposure to NTH decreases the expression of genes associated with the zebrafish baramine synthesis pathway and the 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis pathway. This suppression is accompanied by oxidative damage, ultimately resulting in neurobehavioural changes related to motor ability, anxiety, and memory performance. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aquatic organisms

Prediction of toxicity and identification of key components for complex mixtures containing hormetic components

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 957卷 177733页

作者： Tao, Meng-Ting Ding, Ting-Ting Wang, Ze-Jun Gu, Zhong-Wei Liu, Shu-Shen Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China

Mixtures containing hormetic components are likely to induce hormesis. However, due to the presence of stimulatory effects, predicting the toxicity of such mixtures and identifying their key components face challenges. This study investigated the complex relationship between the stimulatory effects of individual components and their mixtures, focusing on predicting mixture toxicity and identifying key components influencing this toxicity. Sixteen chemicals, commonly found in disinfectants and hand sanitizers, were selected to construct a complex mixture system containing hormetic components. Using Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 as an indicator organism, the study employed microplate toxicity tests to collect toxicity data for individual chemicals and their mixtures. The independent action (IA) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) methods were utilized to predict mixture toxicity, while global sensitivity analysis (GSA) identified key components affecting toxicity. Results revealed that six of the sixteen chemicals exhibited time-dependent hormesis. However, when combined into mixtures, the stimulatory effects observed in individual components tended to diminish or disappear, leading to higher overall toxicity, likely due to synergism. Traditional models like the IA significantly underestimated mixture toxicity, whereas the BPNN model demonstrated superior predictive performance. GSA identified five key components, and changes in the levels of some non-toxic components significantly altered the toxicity of the mixtures. Moreover, increasing the levels of certain key components could either increase or decrease the mixture's toxicity, making the strategy of reducing their concentration to control mixture toxicity ineffective. This study revealed the potential of neural networks in predicting the toxicity of mixtures containing hormetic components and the possible characteristics of the effects of key components on mixture toxicity. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis