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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhou, Yu Zhang, Dawei Song, Xin Ma, Liqing Qi, Wanqi Li, Weiying College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Controland Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment the Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China

Biofouling is the primary factor limiting the performance of ultrafiltration membrane systems in drinking water treatment. This study systematically investigated the application effect and biofouling behavior of metallic membranes in the treatment of algae-laden water and evaluated the mitigation effect and mechanism of the pre-coated layer on biofouling. The findings demonstrate that the metallic membrane can almost completely remove algal cells (>99.99%) and macromolecular organics in EOM (Extracellular Organic Matter) but has limited effects on micromolecules, such as humic acid and fulvic acid, in EOM (47.29% and 17.72% for TOC (Total Organic Carbon) and UV254, respectively). During direct filtration, algal cells can form a cake layer in front of the metallic membrane to reduce the membrane flux, whereas the presence of EOM makes the cake layer denser and hastens the decline in flux. In addition, irreversible membrane fouling is exasperated in acidic or Ca2+-rich solutions, whereas an increase in algal cell particles exacerbates reversible membrane fouling, causing a faster decline in flux. According to the membrane mechanism analysis, the fouling mechanism ranges from complete pore blocking to standard and intermediate blocking throughout the direct filtration process. In contrast, the application of a pre-coated kaolin layer significantly decreases membrane fouling compared with direct filtration. The pre-coated layer can prevent direct contact between the foulants and the membrane surface during the early stages of filtration, resulting in a delayed complete pore blockage stage. On the other hand, XDLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) data reveals that the force between kaolinite and algae (-102.323 mJ/m2) is greater than that between kaolinite and metallic membranes (-61.424 mJ/m2), resulting in better backwashing efficacy. These findings support the use of metallic membranes in drinking water treatment. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Membrane fouling

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New Insight into the Mechanism of Ferric Hydroxide-Based Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Reaction

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Qiaoqiao Fan, Jinhong Qin, Hehe Xie, Haijiao State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China Tongji University China

Heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction (HeFR) has always been a research hotspot of environment application. However, the reaction mechanism has long been difficult to reach consensus due to the inadequate understanding of metal ions dissolution process and its role. In this paper, we propose the courses of organics-mediated coordination or/and reduction dissolution of ferric hydroxide to initiate the autocatalytic kinetics of phenol degradation and illustrate it through density functional theory (DFT) and experiments. With the increase of hydrogen peroxide concentration, the degradation of phenol changes from autocatalytic kinetics to first-order kinetics. Furthermore, a novel "limit segmentation method" initiated by us indicates that homogeneous reaction plays decisive role in phenol degradation process. The dominant roles of the reactive organics in both iron dissolution and iron cycle, and of the homogeneous reaction in the total degradation process in the ferric hydroxide-based HeFR system are brand-new insights which pave the pathway for future research. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dissolution

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Flocculating Microscale Zero-Valent Iron (mZVI) Improves its Hydrodynamic Properties for Wastewater Treatment

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Ye Ding, Yangyang Wei, Hongbin Li, Shaolin State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China

Microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) powder is dense due to the presence of metallic iron (Fe(0)). Herein, we show that the dense mZVI has several hydrodynamic problems in wastewater treatment unit operations (WTUO), and an mZVI modification method using inorganic floc is proposed and studied to solve the problems. Specifically, mZVI particles are flocculated using Fe(OH)2 or Al(OH)3 floc, forming a mZVI-floc combination ((mZVI)a(floc)b) in which mZVI is embedded in the floc. The (mZVI)a(floc)b is then characterized at hydrodynamic conditions simulating those of large-scale WTUO (e.g., mechanical mixing and gravitational settling). The study demonstrates that 1) the combination is better in mixedness during the mixing, in settleability during the settling and in fluidity in the concentrated form;2) the mZVI remains embedded in the floc during the mixing. The study also provides physical and rheological data about the (mZVI)a(floc)b, such as size, bulk density and apparent viscosity. The improvement in hydrodynamic properties is attributed to the low particle density after the flocculation, which is less than one tenth to that of the bare mZVI. Comparative experiments show no reactivity inhibition of the floc on the embedded mZVI. The suggested floc/mZVI molar ratio for practical use is ≥0.5:1, with the influent pH adjusted to ~6.2 (for Al(OH)3) or ~8.9 (for Fe(OH)2). The flocculation method makes mZVI more adaptable to the large-scale wastewater treatment applications (e.g., the treatment plant retrofitting). The work is also the 1st report about mZVI hydrodynamics for wastewater treatment and provides study methodology for this topic. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flocculation

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Competing Contributions in the Micro-Nano Bubble Ozonation Process in Degradating 2-Methylisobornyl (2-Mib) and Geosmin (Gsm): Revealing the Role of Free Radicals Versus Micro-Nano Bubbles

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ren, Yuehua Wang, Yonglei Wang, Xinglin Liu, Baozhen He, Guilin Gong, Yanli Liu, Baosen Li, Jingjing School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan250101 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai1239 China Jinan Environmental Research Academy Jinan250000 China

Seasonal algal contamination of lake and reservoir-type water sources leads to an increase in taste and odor compounds, such as 2-methylisobornyl alcohol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM). As a result, the effluent quality of water purification plants and the taste of drinking water are seriously affected. In this work, a coupled micro-nano bubble ozonation deep treatment process was constructed to investigate the degradation performance and mechanism underlying the micro-nano bubble ozonation process of 2-MIB and GSM. The results showed that the micro-nano bubble ozonation process could remove 94.38% of 2-MIB and 95.45% of GSM in 15 min, which was 36.11% and 29.56% higher than that of the common bubble ozonation process, respectively. Analysis of degradation products and toxicity showed that 2-MIB was oxidized by a micro-nano bubble ozonation process with bridge ring breaking and ring opening and finally decomposed into dextro-camphor-based steric double-bridged compounds. In addition, the toxicity of the products was significantly lower than that of 2-MIB, while GSM was first decomposed into isomers and other double-ringed substances and then ring-opened and broken into ketones, naphthalenes, alkanes and alcohols;however, the toxicity of only 50% of the intermediary products was reduced. Superoxide radical oxidation was the main mechanism for the reduced toxicity of 2-MIB and GSM in the micro-nano bubble ozonation process, in which the oxidizing capacities were 4.88% and 6.72% higher than those of hydroxyl radicals. The complete removal of 2-MIB and GSM in the micro-nano bubble ozonation process relied on synergistic effects resulting from micro-nano bubble-induced volatilization of the substances and ozone oxidation, and the contribution of the micro-nano bubble process to compound removal reached 75%. This work provides new insights for the development of deep treatment processes for the removal of taste and odor compounds from drinking water. © 2024, The Authors. All r

关键词： Potable water

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Bandgap Engineering of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin for Efficient H2o2 Photosynthesis from Air and Water

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Wuming Tang, Yuyang Ran, Jiaqi Teng, Wei Peng, Cheng Xu, Zuxin Chu, Wenhai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Tongji University China

On-site photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (PHP) from water and oxygen presents a promising vision for decentralized production technology of H2O2 at low concentration. Bandgap structure is crucial to photocatalyst for efficient H2O2 photosynthesis. Here we presented a sulfur-doping strategy to modulate the bandgap structure of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin to enhance the photocatalytic activity and stability. Results revealed the optimized bandgap structure of sulfur-doped RF enables an outstanding performance, with the solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency exceeding 0.6% after 24 h. Over sulfur-doped RF, oxygen can not only undergo a one-step two-electron reduction to produce H2O2, but an additional pathway, a two-step single-electron indirect reduction pathway, also occurs. Besides, PHP solution exhibited adequate disinfection efficiency in E. coli suspend and natural water, while its disinfection by-product (DBP) formation was negligible. This study provides valuable insights into designing efficient photocatalyst for practical applications, offering a sustainable and low-energy consumption technology for decentralized water disinfection. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photosynthesis

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Competing Contributions in the Micro-Nano Bubble Ozonation Process in Degradating 2-Methylisobornyl (2-MIB) and Geosmin (GSM): Revealing the Role of Free Radicals Versus Micro-Nano Bubbles

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Yonglei Ren, Yuehua Wang, Xinglin Liu, Baozhen He, Guilin Gong, Yanli Liu, Baosen Li, Jingjing School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan250101 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai1239 China Jinan Environmental Research Academy Jinan250000 China

Algal contamination leads to an increase in taste and odor compounds, such as 2-methylisobornyl alcohol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM). In this work, a coupled micro-nano bubble ozonation deep treatment process was constructed to investigate the degradation performance and mechanism underlying the micro-nano bubble ozonation process of 2-MIB and GSM. The results showed that the micro-nano bubble ozonation process could remove 94.38% of 2-MIB and 95.45% of GSM in 15 min, which was 36.11% and 29.56% higher than that of the common bubble ozonation process, respectively. Analysis of degradation products and toxicity showed that 2-MIB was oxidized by a micro-nano bubble ozonation process with bridge ring breaking and ring opening and finally decomposed into dextro-camphor-based steric double-bridged compounds. The toxicity of the products was significantly lower than that of 2-MIB, while GSM was first decomposed into isomers and other double-ringed substances and then ring-opened and broken into ketones, naphthalenes, alkanes and alcohols;however, the toxicity of only 50% of the intermediary products was reduced. Superoxide radical oxidation was the main mechanism for the reduced toxicity of 2-MIB and GSM in the micro-nano bubble ozonation process, in which the oxidizing capacities were 4.88% and 6.72% higher than those of hydroxyl radicals. The complete removal of 2-MIB and GSM in the micro-nano bubble ozonation process relied on synergistic effects resulting from micro-nano bubble-induced volatilization of the substances and ozone oxidation, and the contribution of the micro-nano bubble process to compound removal reached 75%. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potable water

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Effects of triphenyl phosphate at environmentally-related levels on the liver lipid metabolism in mice under different diets

Effects of triphenyl phosphate at environmentally-related le...

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第九届亚洲毒理学大会暨中国毒理学会第八次中青年科技论坛

作者： Cui Haiyan Chang Yeqian Li Mei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University

Due to the ubiquitous existence of triphenyl phosphate（TPP） in foodstuffs, human exposure to TPP is inevitable, which makes it necessary to assess the human health risk of TPP exposure.1,2 However, the specific contribution of TPP at environmentally relevant levels to the development of liver lipid metabolism disorders is still unclear, especially in combination with high fructose and fat（HFF）diets. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of TPP exposure at environmentally relevant levels on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice with different diets. Male C57 BL/6 J mice were chronically ex-posed to an environmentally relevant level(10 μg·kg body weight per day) of TPP for 12 weeks. Bio-chemical analysis and pathological results showed that TPP exposure induced liver organelle damage and lipid accumulation, and increased glucose and insulin intolerance in mice. Proteomics showed that TPP exposure can affect the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor（PPAR） signaling pathway by causing significant expressions of fatty acid binding protein 5（FABP5）, and other PPAR signaling pathwayrelated proteins. Correspondingly, metabolomics suggested that TPP exposure led to changes in ABC transporters, amino acid metabolism and other differential metabolic pathways. Besides, TPP exposure worsened the abnormal liver damage induced by the HFF diet. Our results showed that TPP exposure could cause liver lipid metabolism disorders by activating PPAR signaling pathway, and liver metabolism disorders also indirectly affect lipid metabolism. These findings provided a reference for future study directions for in-depth exploration of health risk assessment and mechanisms for long-term chronic exposure to TPP.

关键词： Triphenyl phosphate High fructose and high fat PPAR Liver damage

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Mechanochemical Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants by Ball Milling with Nzvi-Cao-Ca 3 (Po 4 ) 2 Additives

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yuan, Wenyi Wang, Xiaoyan Xie, Junying Huang, Qing Huang, Kaiyou School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai201209 China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Xianlin Ave. 163 Nanjing210023 China

Mechanochemical method was proposed for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs, Cu, Pb, and Cd) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs, PBDEs, and PCBs) through ball milling with nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI)-CaO-Ca3(PO4)2 (NCC). The mechanical energy supplied by ball milling and NCC considerably enhanced the stabilization of HMs (Cu 99.22%, Pb 100.00%, and Cd 98.42%) as well as the efficiency of POP degradation (BDE209 99.57%, PCB3 94.55%, PCB4 94.07%, PCB5 86.96%). Upon an increase in the rotation speed from 0 to 650 rpm, the weak acid extractable fraction (F1) of Cu, Pb, and Cd gradually transformed into relatively stable (F2+F3) and residual forms (F4) and gradually reached a steady state. Moreover, under the influence of SiO2 and excited-state PO43- in the soil, HMs also transformed from their originally mobile form to other stable forms. The C-O and C-Br bonds of BDE209 were cleaved during mechano-chemical reactions, yielding perbromobenzene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenol, and other low-brominated phenols such as 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-(2,3-dibromophenoxy) benzene. The C-Cl bonds of PCBs underwent selective cleavage, resulting in the formation of low-chlorinated biphenyls and hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the stability of C-Cl bonds increased with a higher number of chlorine atoms in PCBs, making them more difficult to degrade. This study offers an environmentally friendly and highly effective remediation approach for POPs-HMs contaminated soil. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Organic pollutants

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Reconceptualization of the Mechanism of Thermal Hydrolysis Pretreatment to Enhance the Anaerobic Conversion of Sludge Organic Nitrogen: Decisive Role of Organic Nitrogen Occurrence

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gao, Jun Li, Lei Yuan, Shijie Sun, Jing Chen, Sisi Dong, Bin State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center China Three Gorges Corporation Beijing China

The occurrence state of organic nitrogen (ON) is the key to affect anaerobic biotransformation of sludge. ON in sludge was chemically classified as PA (easily accessible part), PB (moderately accessible) and PC (hardly accessible) according to the modified CNCPS method. The components of them were analyzed by PY-GCMS, and it was identified that PA was extracellular amino acids, peptides and proteins;PB was genetic material, cell wall peptidoglycans and intracellular proteins;PC was ON that cross-linked with complex macromolecules. The conversion characteristics of PA, PB and PC in sludge and their relationship with anaerobic digestion (AD) performance were investigated after thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) at different temperatures (100-180°C). With the increase of THP temperature, the hydrolysis of PA and the conversion of PB to PA were promoted. At 180-THP, part of PA was converted to PC due to thermochemical reactions. In the fast degradation stage of AD of ON (ON-fast), PA is the main component of degradation;while in the slow degradation stage (ON-slow), the degradation of ON is mainly dominated by PB. Therefore, THP can significantly increase the proportion of ON-fast and reduce the ON fraction in the digestate (ON-hard). Moreover, PA and PB, rather than PC, were identified as dominant in ON-hard with or without THP for the first time, overturning the traditional view (remaining ON after AD was that cross-linked with complex macromolecules). This is due to that PA and PB are the main ON that make up microbial cells. The findings upgraded our perspective on conversion of ON of sludge during AD and inspire the shifted focus from "degrading PC" to "PC accumulation" for later use, through targeted enhanced PA degradation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degradation

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Two-phase system model to predict hydrophobic organic compound partition to heterogeneous soil dissolved organic matter across China

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Chemosphere 2024年 362卷 142598页

作者： Liu, Kun Ding, Liang Zhou, Xinwei Qu, Xiaolei Qu, Changsheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. Ltd Jiangsu Nanjing210019 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Zhenjiang212100 China

Soil dissolved organic matter (SDOM) is an important part of the DOM pool in terrestrial systems, influencing the transport and fate of many pollutants. In this study, SDOMs from different regions across China were compared by a series of spectroscopic methods, including UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the hydrophobicity was quantified by partition coefficients of SDOM in the aqueous two-phase system (KATPS). The molecular weight, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity of SDOM from different regions exhibited strong heterogeneity, KATPS combined with UV–vis and fluorescence indices can be readily used for differentiating heterogeneous SDOM, and SDOMs were compositionally and structurally different from DOMs in aquatic systems based on spectral characterization. Importantly, the two-phase system (TPS) model has only been validated by DOMs in freshwater systems, and good organic carbon‒water partition coefficient (KOC) predictive power (RMSE = 0.11) could be provided by the TPS model when applied to heterogeneous SDOM without calibration, showing its broad applicability. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the TPS model for predicting the sorption behavior of terrestrial DOM, broadening the application scope of the TPS model and indicating its potential as a routine model for the risk assessment of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in organic contaminated sites. © 2024

关键词： Soils

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