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Harmony between nature and humanity: A systematic environmental governance approach to address climate change

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Energy & Environmental Sustainability

Energy & Environmental Sustainability 2025年第1期1卷

作者： Zuxin Xu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Prediction of Pharmaceuticals Removal in Activated Sludge System Under Different Operational Parameters Using an Extended Asm-Phacs Model

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Xiang Lei, Shaoting Wu, Gang Yu, Qingmiao Xu, Ke Ren, Hongqiang Wang, Yanru Geng, Jinju State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China

Removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment systems is essential since their release and accumulation in natural water bodies are giving rise to environment and health concerns. Mathematical model could be a useful tool to predict pharmaceuticals removal under varying operational parameters and assess the contributions of different removal pathways to pharmaceuticals removal. Here an ASM-PhACs model was established to describe pharmaceuticals including diclofenac (DCF), erythromycin (ERY), gemfibrozil (GEM) and carbamazepine (CBZ) removal in activated sludge system. The pharmaceuticals removal processes linked to co-metabolic biodegradation by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) growth, metabolic biodegradation by AOB, metabolic biodegradation by heterotrophic bacteria (HB) and sludge adsorption were implemented into activated sludge model (ASM1) framework. The kinetic equations were established for each pharmaceuticals removal process. The newly added parameters and some original default parameters affecting pharmaceuticals removal processes were screened and calibrated based on the batch experimental data and results of sensitivity analysis. The model could satisfactorily capture all the dynamics of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and pharmaceuticals under different conditions. Simulation results demonstrated that both influent NH4+-N concentration and DO were found to be the significant parameters that impact the removal of DCF, ERY and GEM. AOB biodegradation played an important role in DCF, ERY and GEM removal. The developed model framework helps to investigate the removal mechanisms and key influencing factors of pharmaceuticals removal, thus provides support for reactor design, operation and optimization in terms of pharmaceuticals removal. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biodegradation

Is Biochar a Reliable Catalyst for Activating Persulfate? Damage of Biochar During Catalytic Process

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wan, Jiang Wang, Gehui Liang, Weiyu Peng, Cheng Zhang, Wei Fu, Rongbing State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resource and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Biochar has been believed as a low cost and metal-free catalysts for persulfate activation. However, the performance decreases of biochar after participating in the reaction, and the extent of damage to biochar remain poorly understood due to its intricate carbon structure. In this study, cotton stalk and walnut shell biochar were used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for sulfadimidine degradation, and multiple characterization methods were used to determine the damage of biochar. The comparative experiments of biochar, recycled biochar, and PDS corroded biochar in catalytic reaction showed that the performance of biochars decreased by 37.5%-65.3%. After participating in the catalytic reaction, the unstable carbon in biochar was lost, and the surface of cotton stalk biochar was oxidized, which reduced its affinity to organic matter. CO2 physisorption showed that the pore structure of biochars barely changed. However, for walnut shell biochar, its adsorption capacity of nitrogen decreased obviously. Moreover, electrochemical tests showed that the conductivity of walnut shell biochar was reduced, which may lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the non-free radical pathway. Overall, the influences of catalytic process on biochar cannot be ignored, so more efforts are needed to make biochar an efficient and sustainable PDS activator. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pore structure

Sustain China's Copper Resources with Consideration of Domestic Mining, Trading, and Recycling

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yin, Jiaheng Liu, Lei Ji, Hongran Zhang, Ling Li, Chunxing Yuan, Zengwei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China College of Economics and Management Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing210037 China

China's rapid urbanization and industrialization made it the world's largest refined copper producer and consumer. Insufficient copper ore reserves necessitated significant imports. Using material flow and scenario analysis, this study examined historical copper supply and assessed future supply-demand risks. The results show that China's refined copper consumption soared from 2.3 Kt in 1949 to 14.43 Mt in 2020, with imports rising from 1.5 Kt to 11.77 Mt, resulting in a 75% external dependence. In addition, primary copper importers were concentrated in the Americas. In 2020, China accumulated around 120 Mt of in-use stocks, enabling urban mineral resource development. Forecasted results indicate a persistent copper supply deficit. Recycling copper scrap is crucial to bridge the supply-demand gap. This study enhances understanding of copper's historical supply and consumption, providing policymakers with suggestions for sustainable copper resource management. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

VOCs evaporative emissions from vehicles in China:Species characteristics of different emission processes

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2020年第1期1卷 9-19页

作者： Hanyang Man Huan Liu He Niu Kai Wang Fanyuan Deng Xiaotong Wang Qian Xiao Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining810003China Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control&Resource Reuse Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350007China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Beijing100070China

Vehicle evaporation is an essential source of VOCs in cities but is not well understood in *** emission factors from previous studies are not enough for understanding the atmospheric chemical process of vehicular evaporative *** this work,a serious of detailed VOCs speciation profiles are developed based on test processes and emission processes.A mass balance method was used to divide different emission processes during diurnal *** results show that headspace vapor of gasoline cannot represent the real-world vehicle evaporation because of the significant differences in VOCs speciation profiles,especially for *** further distinguish emissions from evaporation and exhaust,only the ratios of MTBE/benzene and MTBE/toluene can serve as indicators when considering species from all evaporative ***,emissions from different sources change significantly with the *** solve these problems,we developed a monthly comprehensive evaporation speciation *** individual profiles at the emission processes are weighted by the emission of the in-use vehicle fleet in Beijing to derive the comprehensive speciation profile of evaporative *** formation potential(OFP)and secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP)were used to evaluate the environmental *** SOAP,100 g evaporative emissions are equal to 6.05-12.71 g toluene in different months,much higher than that given using headspace vapors,especially in winter(7.2 times higher in December).These findings would improve our understanding of the evaporative VOCs emissions in China and their environmental impacts(e.g.,O3 and SOA formation).

关键词： Vehicle evaporative emission VOC speciation profile Monthly comprehensive profile SOAP Ozone formation potential

Agglomeration-influenced transformation of heavy metals in gas-solid phases during simulated sewage sludge co-incineration: Effects of phosphorus and operating temperature

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Science of the Total Environment 2023年第Pt 1期858卷 159759页

作者： Lin, Kunsen Zhao, Youcai Kuo, Jia-Hong Lin, Chiou-Liang The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National United University Miaoli36063 Taiwan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung81148 Taiwan

Phosphorus and operating temperature not only affect the agglomeration behavior but also the transformation and migration of heavy metals. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of temperature and phosphorus in a fluidized bed combustion process to understand the emission and distribution of heavy metals by both experimental and thermodynamic calculations. The experimental results indicated that the sodium-phosphate reactions occur before the sodium-silicate reaction in the solid phase when the ratio of P/Na was 1/2. A low-melting-point sodium phosphate component, such as NaPO3, leads to easier particle agglomeration than Na2O-SiO2. In terms of the emissions of heavy metals, Pb and Cd show a similar trend: both the amount of emission smaller than that without adding phosphorus and the amount of emission share an upward trend with the operating time increased during MSS fluidized bed combustion. However, with the presence of phosphorus, the emission of Cr shows slightly decreased, and then sharply dropped, after that, increasing with operating time increased. Generally speaking, the maximum amount of Pb and Cd emitted was at 900 °C, followed by 800 °C and 700 °C. The higher temperature would promote the volatilization of Pb and Cd to emit. On the other hand, Cr emitted at the beginning tended to increase but later decreases when the temperatures were 700 and 900 °C, which may be due to the emission of Cr being influenced by the different affinities of both Al and Cr, reacting with Na in a fluidized bed incinerator. As for the distribution of heavy metals in the solid phase, a higher concentration of heavy metals was found in both the coarsest and finest particles during the process of agglomeration/defluidization. © 2022

关键词： Phosphorus

Effect of Mgfe2o4 Formed In-Situ on the Properties of Swine Manure-Derived Hydrochars: Heavy Metal Stabilization, Phosphorus Retention and Adsorption Capacity

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sun, Zhenhua Li, Jing Wang, Xuejiang Xia, Siqing Zhao, Jianfu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Investigation Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd Shanghai200050 China YANGTZE Eco Environment Engineering Research Center China Three Gorges Corporation Beijing100038 China

Hydrothermal carbonization treatment (HCT) is a promising technique for the disposal of livestock manure, which can achieve harmlessness, reduction, and resource utilization. Co-hydrothermal of modified materials helps to prepare more valuable carbonaceous materials, but their potential impacts on the environmental risks of livestock manure disposal and the application of livestock manure-derived products is remains unknown. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the carbonization degree, heavy metals (HMs) stabilization, and phosphorus (P) retention during the hydrothermal treatment of swine manure (SM) under the influence of in-situ formed MgFe2O4. The results revealed that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 improved the dehydration and decarboxylation of organic components in SM, thereby improving its carbonization degree. The stabilization of HMs was enhanced after HCT and MgFe2O4 modified HCT, resulting in a significant reduction in the soluble/exchangeable fraction and reducible fraction. P was predominantly retained in the hydrochars, with its highest retention rate reaching 88.0% due to the obvious decrease in the fractions of soluble and exchangeable P facilitated by the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4. Furthermore, MgFe2O4 modified hydrochars exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity towards Pb(II) and Cu(II) without any HMs leaching. Overall, our findings indicated that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 had a positive effect on the hydrothermal of SM, providing valuable guidance for its practical application. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iron compounds

Response of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) Gut Microbes and Bioconversion Efficiency to Abiotic Environments and Microbes Changing

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Yu Quan, Jiawei Cheng, Xiang Li, Chunxing Yuan, Zengwei State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment Nanjing University Nanjing212200 China Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

Treating food waste using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is widely regarded as a promising nature-based measure with gut microbes being one of the critical factors determining bioconversion effectiveness. This study aimed to determine the bioconversion efficiency and structure and function of gut microbes to abiotic environments and microbes of substrates changing. Results revealed that pH plays a crucial role in the food waste conversion by BSFL which increased the food waste weight loss by 14% and the larval biomass by 38% compared to controls, promoting the bioconversion of carbon and nitrogen into larvae and gases, as well as the colonization of beneficial microorganisms Lactobacillus and Enterococcus in the gut. However, low pH led to a decreased bioconversion efficiency (38.9%), and the accumulation of organic acid and Lactobacillus in substrates which caused dysbiosis of BSFL gut due to the enormous accumulation of pathogenic bacteria Morganella (60.9%). The results also indicated that the impact of substrate microbial community structure on gut microbial community structure is constrained. This study elucidates the influence of the substrate environment on gut microbes and the bioconversion efficiency of food waste, provides deep insight into the microbial mechanisms. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Efficiency

Synergistic Effects of Permanganate and Chlorination on the Degradation of Benzophenone-3: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Toxicity Evaluation

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wu, Nannan Cao, Wanming Qu, Ruijuan Zhou, Dongmei Zhu, Feng Huo, Zongli State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention No. 172 Jiangsu Road Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), an organic ultraviolet (UV) filter, has been detected in surface and groundwater and is reported to exhibit endocrine disrupting effects. This work investigated the synergistic effects of permanganate (KMnO4) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on the degradation of BP-3. Increasing the dosage of oxidants was positively related to accelerating the degradation of BP-3. The degradation rate of BP-3 increased with pH values as pH increased from 5.0 to 9.0, while the increase in pH inhibited the degradation when pH was from 9.0 to 10.0. Methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) was used as the probe to detect high-valence Mn species (e.g., Mn(VI), Mn(V)). The results indicated that the reactivity of KMnO4 was improved by NaClO by increasing the content of high-valence Mn species with the release of O2. Cl- converted from NaClO could be oxidized by KMnO4 to generate Cl2, also promoting the degradation of BP-3. The selected water components had little effect on the removal of BP-3 by KMnO4/NaClO. The oxidative mechanisms of BP-3 in the KMnO4/NaClO system mainly included oxidative ring-opening, carboxylation, Bayer-Villiger oxidation, electrophilic chlorination, hydroxylated reactions and cleavage, but oxidative ring-opening products were detected only in the combined system. Based on the abundance change and toxicity evaluation of the products, KMnO4/NaClO decreased the toxicity of the reaction process compared with NaClO alone. Considering the efficient degradation of BP-3 by the combined system, KMnO4/NaClO oxidation is a promising technology for water treatment. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Manganese compounds