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Future research needs for environmental science in China

Geography and Sustainability 2021年第3期2卷 234-242页

作者： Dongqiang Zhu Weiqiang Chen Xiaolei Qu Yuming Zheng Jun Bi Haidong Kan Yongming Luo Guangguo Ying Eddy Y.Zeng Fangjie Zhao Lingyan Zhu Yongguan Zhu Shu Tao School of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityJiangsu 210023China Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China The Environmental Research Institute Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health School of EnvironmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation&Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science developed in the process of understanding and solving ecolog-ical and environmental *** order to tackle these problems,environmental science research is expected to reveal the source,behavior,fate,exposure,and risks of pollutants in the environment and develop potential solutions to control *** provides the scientific basis for decision-makers to establish environmental and economic poli-cies,and promote concerted efforts for the sustainable development of ***,we articulate the development patterns,challenges,and future research needs of environmental science in China based on literature review and expert panel *** science research has evolved significantly in the past decade with an increas-ing diversity of environmental pollutants and health impacts,new technologies and methods,deepening fusion of multiple disciplines,and emerging solutions for pollution *** future development relies on the advances in our knowledge on the fate and transport of pollutants,regional environmental processes,ecotoxicological effects,environmental exposure and health effects,environmental analysis and monitoring,source control and reduction,environmental remediation,as well as environmental risk *** each of these fields,we summarize the significant challenges and highlight the research demands for *** on the status quo of China’s environmen-tal science research and future needs,we provide recommendations to promote its future development,including encouraging innovation and interdisciplinary research,providing decision support for national needs,encouraging international collaboration,and improving collaboration mechanisms.

关键词： Environmental science China Challenges Opportunities Research needs

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Enzyme Pretreatments for Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste Blended with Bioplastics: Effects on Methane Production and Microbial Community Structure

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jiang, Xintong Bi, Dongsu Cheng, Yu Wang, Shizhuo Peng, Boyu Shen, Haowen Zhang, Tao Xia, Xuefen Zhang, Yalei Shen, Zheng School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai201418 China Institute of New Rural Development Tongji University Shanghai200092 China College of Design and Innovation Tongji University Shanghai200092 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Bioplastic bags mixed with food waste seem inevitable with the growth of waste classification and the banning of non-biodegradable polymers in China. To solve the asynchronous degradation of both food waste and bioplastics in the anaerobic fermentation process, we investigated the biological pretreatment is more promising, among the physics, chemistry, and biology treatments, because of the efficient catalytic hydrolysis capacity of enzymes. Three kinds of enzymes (amylases, lipases, and proteinase K) with 0.075 g/L were designed to pretreat FW/bioplastic mixture for 48 h at 35°C and 55 °C. The methane production of anaerobic fermentation increased at 55°C by 15.94%, 27.10%, 64.50%, respectively, and the degradation of bioplastic bags time was advanced from 30 to 24 days. SEM indicated apparent physical degradation that holes developed on the surface of the bioplastic after pretreatments with enzymes. FTIR suggested that the peak of 1700 cm-1 is the typical peak of proteinase K depolymerization, which is weaker at 55°C than at 35°C. Following the pretreatments with proteinase K, The new species of bacteria emerged in the substrate microbiome. These results indicated that biological pretreatment is capable of biodegradation and improves the asynchronous problem between food waste and bioplastics. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Enzymes

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Environmental Implication of Mos2 Nanosheets: Effects on Maize Plant Growth and Soil Microorganisms

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Chen, Si Peralta-Videa, Jose R. Zhao, Lijuan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue El PasoTX79968 United States

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets have been used extensively in a variety of fields, including medical and industrial. However, little is known about their toxicity effects, especially to edible plants. In this greenhouse study, maize ( Zea mays ) seedlings were exposed for 4 weeks, through the soil route, to 10 and 100 mg/kg of 2H MoS 2 nanosheets. Plant growth, physiological parameters (chlorophyll, antioxidants, and MDA), along with Mo and nutrient elements were determined in plant tissues. Results showed that at both doses, the nanosheets decreased plant growth. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry data also showed that both 2H MoS 2 concentrations allowed Mo absorption and translocation by maize plants. Additionally, at 100 mg/kg the nanosheets significantly reduced Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn in leaves, and Na in roots. Gene sequencing data of 16S rRNA showed, that MoS 2 nanosheets changed the soil microbial community structure, compared with the untreated control. In addition, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms such as Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales and Xanthobacteraceae were enriched. Overall, the data suggest that, even at low dose (10 mg/kg), the 2H MoS 2 nanosheets perturbed both the nutrient uptake by maize plants and the soil microbial communities. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molybdenum compounds

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Investigation of volatile methyl siloxanes in biogas and the ambient environment in a landfill

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期32卷 54-61页

作者： Ning Wang Li Tan Lianke Xie Yu Wang Timothy Ellis School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource ReuseShandong UniversityJinan266237China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP^3) Shanghai200433China School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan250100China State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research InstituteJinan250100China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources&Environment Engineering China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversityIowaUSA

Landfill biogas is a potential alternative for fossil fuel,but the containing impurities,volatile methyl siloxanes(simplified as siloxanes),often cause serious problems in gas turbines when applied to generate *** this research,a collecting and analyzing method based on solvent adsorption and purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established to determine the siloxanes in biogas from a landfill in Jinan,China,and adjacent ambient samples,such as soil,air,and leachate of the *** results showed that,octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4)and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5)accounted for 63%of total siloxanes;and without considering D4 and D5,the order of detected siloxanes in concentration was found relating to Gibbs free energies of molecules,namely that higher abundant siloxane(except for D4 and D5)usually had lower Gibbs free ***,the mass ratio between D4 and octamethyltrisiloxane(L3)in the bio gas varied with different garbage age in landfills,possibly revealing the breaking-down of larger siloxane molecules with *** samples,which were collected from environmental samples adjacent to the landfill,such as soil,water,and air,presented much higher siloxane level than urban or rural area away from *** current H2 S scrubber of the landfill biogas could decrease the total siloxanes from 10.7 to 5.75 mg/m^3 due to Fe2 O3 and a refrigerant drier in a purification system and cyclic siloxanes were more easily removed than linear ones.

关键词： Biogas Siloxane Landfill Purge and trap GC-MS

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Varied interspecies interactions between anammox and denitrifying bacteria enhanced nitrogen removal in a single-stage simultaneous anammox and denitrification system

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Science of the Total Environment 2022年 813卷 152519-152519页

作者： Wang, Depeng Huang, Kailong He, Xiwei Zhang, Xu-Xiang Meng, Yabing School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Nanjing Jiangdao Institute of Environmental Research Co. Ltd. Nanjing210019 China

The simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) system has received growing interest for the enhanced nitrogen removal, while the ecological traits of microbial community including spatial distribution characteristics, assembly processes and interspecies interactions have not been fully unraveled. The present study applied metagenomics and ecological analysis methods to gain the ecological traits of microbial communities in the SAD system across different organic substrate loadings. Results showed that organic matter significantly affected the bioreactor performance, and the optimal total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 93.4 ± 0.7% under the COD concentrations of 180 ± 18.2 mg/L. Functional organisms including Candidatus Brocadia (3.9%), Denitratisoma (1.6%), Dokdonella (4.4%) and Thauera (4.6%) obviously enriched under the optimal organic loading conditions. Moreover, microbial communities were significantly governed by deterministic process under high organic concentrations, and the denitrifying organisms displayed important ecological roles in the communities. Although anammox bacteria obviously enriched at the middle of bioreactor, it possessed the highest expression activities at both bottom and middle sites. Denitrifying bacteria that enriched at the bottom sites strongly achieved nitrate reduction and provided nitrite for anammox bacteria, while these organisms trended to compete nitrite with anammox bacteria at the middle site. These findings highlight the importance of microbial ecology in the SAD systems, which may expand our understanding of the synergistic patterns between anammox and denitrifying bacteria. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Denitrification

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Prediction Heavy Metal Accumulation Risk in Rice Using Machine Learning and Mapping pollution Risk

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhao, Bing Zhu, Wenxuan Hao, Shefeng Hua, Ming Liao, Qiling Jing, Yang Liu, Ling Gu, Xueyuan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China Macalester College MinneapolisMN United States Geological Survey of Jiangsu Nanjing China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China

Rapid and accurate prediction of metal bioaccumulation in crops are important for assessing metal environmental risks. We predicted the uptake of Cd, Hg, As and Pb by rice grain using 10 machine learning algorithms based on 2123 pairs of soil-rice samples in Jiangsu province, China. The Extremely Randomized Tree model exhibited the best performance for rice-Cd and rice-Hg (Cd: R2 = 0.824;Hg: R2 = 0.626), while the Random Forest model performed best for As and Pb (As: R2 = 0.389;Pb: R2 = 0.325). The feature importance analysis showed that soil-Cd and pH had the highest impact on rice-Cd risk, which is in line with previous studies;while temperature and SOC were more important to rice-Hg than soil-Hg. Then, based on another set of 1867 uniformly distributed paddy soil samples in Jiangsu Province, the Cd and Hg risks of soil and rice were visualized using the established models. Mapping result revealed an inconsistent pattern of hotspot distribution between soil-Hg and rice-Hg, i.e., a higher rice-Hg risk in the northern area, while higher soil-Hg in south. Our findings highlight the importance of temperature on Hg bioaccumulation risk to crops, which has often been overlooked in previous risk assessment processes. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Fe-O-Bi efficient electron transfer channels and photo-Fenton synergy in S-scheme heterojunctions: insights into interfacial interactions and ofloxacin degradation

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年

作者： Jiawei Liu Jun Shi Huiping Deng State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Fenton method combined with light to accelerate the production of free radicals from H 2 O 2 can achieve more efficient pollutant degradation. In this paper, a novel BiOI/FeWO 4 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was obtained by in situ synthesis, which can activate H 2 O 2 and degrade the organic pollutant OFC (ofloxacin) under visible light. The S-scheme charge transfer mechanism was confirmed by XPS spectroscopy, in situ KPFM and theoretical calculation. The photogenerated electrons were transferred from FeWO 4 to BiOI driven by the built-in electric field and band bending, which inhibited carrier recombination and facilitated the activation of H 2 O 2 .The BiFe-5/Vis/H 2 O 2 system degraded OFC up to 96.4% in 60 min. This study provides new systematic insights into the activation of H 2 O 2 by S-scheme heterojunctions, which is of great significance for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater.

关键词： H 2 O 2 BiOI/FeWO 4 heterojunction ofloxacin Photo-Fenton

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Engineering Nanocomposite Metal-Phenolic Network Membranes with Hollow Mofs Via In-Situ Etching for High-Efficiency Organic Solvent Nanofiltration

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lv, Yan Chen, Yizhou Bai, Yuting Meng, Lijun Zhang, Wenting Xia, Jingjing Xu, Zhiming Sun, Rui Liu, Tianxi State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai201620 China Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), as an emerging membrane separation technology, holds great potential in pharmaceutical and chemical applications. However, the development of such a promising technology is severely retarded by the trade-off between permeability and selectivity. Herein, we report a novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane by incorporating hollow metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into the metal-phenolic network (MPN) selective layer for highly efficient OSN. This nanocomposite selective layer is fabricated via an aqueous deposition of tannic acid (TA) and FeII ions with MOFs, during which the MOFs are in-situ etched to a hollow structure. Attributed to the extra transfer channels provided by hollow MOFs, the methanol permeance of the TFN membranes increases to 24.7 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1, exhibiting an outstanding improvement of 270% compared with the membranes without MOFs (9.1 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1). Meanwhile, the coordination interaction between TA and metal centers in MOFs endows excellent interfacial compatibility between MPN matrix and MOF fillers, guaranteeing a defect-free selective layer and thus high rejection for small organic molecules (> 99% for Alcian blue). Furthermore, various MOFs, including ZIF-67, prussian blue (PB), and MIL-53(Al), are also employed to fabricate MPN/MOF nanocomposite membranes, proving the availability and universality of this facial aqueous deposition strategy. Additionally, we take deep insight into the mechanism of in-situ etching process via density functional theory (DFT) calculations to pave the way for the fabrication of TFN membranes with hollow nanofillers. This work provides a sufficient strategy for the design and construction of novel highly efficient OSN nanocomposite membranes with excellent permeability and retention performance. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanofiltration

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Enhanced Removal of Bisphenol S in Ozone/Peroxymonosulfate System: Kinetics, Intermediates and Reaction Mechanism

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Tian, Jie Qi, Yumeng Wei, Junyan Ajarem, Jamaan S. Maodaa, Saleh Allam, Ahmed A. Wang, Zunyao Qu, Ruijuan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Beni-suef University Beni Suef65211 Egypt

The degradation process of bisphenol S (BPS) in ozone/peroxymonosulfate (O3/PMS) system was systematically explored. The results showed that the removal efficiency of BPS by O3 could be significantly improved with addition of PMS. Compared with ozonation alone, the pseudo-first-order constant (kobs) was increased by 2-5 times after adding 400 μM PMS. In O3/PMS system, accelerated removal of BPS was observed under neutral and alkaline conditions. The removal efficiency of BPS reached 100% after 40 s of reaction at pH 7.0, with the kobs of 0.098 s-1. Moreover, Cu2+ had a catalytic effect on the O3/PMS system, because it could catalyze the decomposition of ozone and PMS to produce •OH and SO4•-, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance illustrated that •OH and SO4•- were the reactive species in O3/PMS system. Twelve intermediates were identified by mass spectrometry, and the degradation reactions in O3/PMS system mainly included hydroxylation, sulfate addition, polymerization and β-scission. Finally, the toxicity of the products was evaluated by the EOCSAR program. Our results introduce an efficient method for BPS removal and would provide some guidance for the development of O3-based advanced oxidation technology. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ozone

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Self-Powered Temperature-Changing System Driven by Wind Energy

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Jiayu Liu, Boxun Li, Mingyang Li, Yahui Ding, Wangyang Liu, Guanlin Luo, Jun Chen, Nan Wan, Lingyu Wei, Wenjuan Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems Integration Carbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development Institute School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning530004 China Department of Chemistry The Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials School of Resources Environment and Materials Guangxi University Nanning530004 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Nanning530004 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication China

The traditional refrigeration and heating process by means of phase change has a high demand for intensive electric energy. Especially when we establish a long-term heating or cooling equipment outdoors, it will consume a lot of natural resources and may cause damage to the environment. Therefore, we need to formulate a scheme to effectively control the temperature of out-door crops without pollution, which will be of great significance in terms of energy conservation, emission reduction and the increase of the yield of crops. In this scheme, we have designed a self-powered temperature-changing system driven by wind energy, which is composed of a wind cup collecting wind energy, a rotary disc-shaped FEP-rabbit fur TENG, a circuit man-agement module and a ferroelectric ceramic chip array. Firstly, successfully, we prepared 0.15PbTiO3-0.85PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 ferroelectric ceramics with excellent electrocaloric effect at room temperature. Through rotary disc-shaped TENG and circuit management module, the system converts the wind energy in the outside into a high-voltage electric field at both ends of ceramic chip. Since the rotary disc-shaped TENG has a very high open-circuit voltage, it perfectly matches the ferroelectric materials whose electrocaloric effect requires high-voltage electric fields, which fully stimu-lates the electrocaloric effect of ceramic, and realizes the rapid heating and cooling functions. At the speed of 200 rpm, the temperature variation of 0.49 K is achieved in 276 s in the insulation cup whose volume is 300 times as big as the system. Compared with previous methods, the cooling speed of this system has been greatly improved. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wind power

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