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The Weitzman premium on the social cost of carbon

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arXiv

arXiv 2025年

作者： Dong, Jinchi Tol, Richard S.J. Wang, Fangzhi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University China Department of Economics University of Sussex Falmer United Kingdom Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Spatial Economics Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Tinbergen Institute Amsterdam Netherlands CESifo Munich Germany Payne Institute for Public Policy Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States Faculty of Finance City University of Macau Taipa China

Preference heterogeneity massively increases the social cost of carbon. We call this the Weitzman premium. Uncertainty about an exponential discount rate implies a hyperbolic discount rate, which in the near term is equal to the average discount rate but in the long term falls to the minimum discount rate. We calibrate the pure rate of time preference and the inverse of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution of 79,273 individuals from 76 countries and compute the corresponding social cost of carbon. Compared to the social cost of carbon for average time preferences, the average social cost of carbon is 6 times as large in the base calibration, and up to 200 times as large in sensitivity analyses. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon cycle

Decipher Factors controlling Sulfonamides Adsorption Onto Mesoporous Carbon

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhao, Hongjun Lyu, Yitao Hu, Jingrun Li, Min Sun, Weiling College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083 China Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083 China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing100871 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems Beijing100871 China International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control Ministry of Education Beijing100871 China

Mesoporous carbons (MCs) exhibit excellent removal efficiencies to various organic chemicals. However, how and what extent the properties of chemicals influence their adsorption onto MCs are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the adsorption of 22 sulfonamides (SAs) onto four MCs, and further uncovered the adsorption mechanisms and major factors determining the adsorption of SAs by density functional theory calculation and partial least-squares path model (PLS-PM). The results showed that the adsorption constants of linear and Freundlich isotherms (log K D and log K F ) displayed positive relationships with excess molar refraction (E) and McGowan’s molar volume (V), while the Freundlich nonlinearity coefficient (n) presented a negative correlation with E and V. The PLS-PM model further revealed that the binding energies of π-π interactions (BE(π-π)) and hydrogen bond (BE(H)) and the hydrophobicity (log K ow ) of SAs were the direct factors influencing the adsorption. Among them, BE(π-π) displayed the largest impacts (λ = -0.731, p 0.05) on log K D . Five molecular descriptors, E, V, energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E HOMO ), hardness (H), and most positive net charge on carbon atom (Q c + ), were selected as the indirect factors affecting log K D . The adsorption amounts of most SAs decreased with increasing pH, due to the increased electrostatic repulsion, reduced log K ow of SAs, and declined BE(π-π) and (BE(H) at higher pH. This study is the first attempt to decipher quantitatively the direct and indirect factors determing the adsorption of SAs onto MCs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Least squares approximations

Metagenomic Analysis Unravelled Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion from Food Waste Via Inert Substances: Oxidative Phosphorylation and Metabolism

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jiang, Xiupeng Zhao, Youcai Su, Lianghu Wu, Tong Zhou, Tao The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment 8 Jiangwangmiao Street Nanjing210042 China Shanghai200092 China School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) has been widely used, while the existent inert substances (bones, ceramics and shells) which contain Ca2+, SiO2, etc. in FW raised nondeterminacy of AD. For solving the enigma, experiments about the influence of inert substances on AD were conducted in this study. Results showed that inert substances could improve the methane productivity by 86% with a concentration of 0.08g/gVS FW during anaerobic digestion (199.2 mL/gVS versus 106.8 mL/gVS). Further study showed that the promoting effect was mainly manifested in each stage and content of extracelluar polymeric substances. Metagenomics analysis revealed that inert substances promoted not only hydrolysis bacteria (phyla Firmicutes), but also hydro-genotrophic methanogen (genus Methanosarcina) and acetotrophic methanogens (genus Methanobacterium). Furthermore, inert substances increased the relative abundance of functional gene in oxidative phosphorylation, which was an important pathway for ATP synthesis. What’s more, metabolic pathway related to methanogenesis (hydro-genotrophic and acetotrophic) were significantly enhanced by inert substances. This study clarified the impact of inert substances on AD of FW in the project and provided a new insight for the mechanism analysis of anaerobic fermentation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benthos of the northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 194-199页

作者： Yuxin Ma Yurong Sun Yunkai Li Hongyuan Zheng Wenying Mi School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China MINJIE Institute of Environmental Science and Health Research Max-Plank Street 2Geesthacht 21502Germany

Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were detected in benthos collected onboard the‘Snow Dragon’in the Northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf during the 6 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 2014).18 PAHs for all biota samples ranged from 34.2 to 128.1 ng/g dry weight(dw),with the highest concentration observed in fish muscle(Boreogadus saida)samples close to *** *** PAH composition pattern was dominated by the presence of lighter 3 ring(57%)and 2 ring(28%)PAHs,indicating oil-related or petrogenic sources as important origins of PAH *** of alkyl-PAHs(1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene)were lower than their parent PAH(naphthalene)in all biological tissue,and their percentage also decreased significantly(p<0.05)compared with those in the corresponding *** were no significant relationships between PAH concentrations and trophic levels,which is possibly due to the combined results of the complex benthic foodweb in the subarctic/Arctic shelf region,as well as a low assimilation/effective metabolism for *** to toxic potency evaluation results from TCDD toxic equivalents(TEQs)and Ba P-equivalent(Ba PE)values,whelk(Neptunea heros)and starfish(Ctenodiscus crispatus)are two macroinvertebrate species showing relatively higher dioxin-like toxicity and carcinogenic risk.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Arctic shelf Benthos Toxic potency Bioaccumulation

Determination of Arsenic and Antimony by Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Portable Emission Spectrometer with Solid Acid Hydride Generation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Han, Shanru Dong, Junhang Liu, Ying Xu, Chaoyu Liu, Xing Liu, Jinzhao Luan, Rijian Zheng, Hongtao Zhu, Zhenli State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Appointment and Control of Aquatic Pollution Ministry of Ecology and Environment China Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China The Shandong Bureau Testing Co. Ltd. China Metallurgical Geology Bureau China

In this work, the use of solid acid hydride generation (HG) for the simultaneous determination of As and Sb in environmental water samples by miniaturized atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma optical emission spectrometer (APGD-OES) was evaluated. It was found that HG with the use of sulfamic acid tablets can achieve comparable sensitivity with conventional HCl-KBH4 for As and Sb determination by APGD-OES, which avoids the safety issue encountered in the use of hydrochloric acid and greatly facilitates field analysis. Under optimal conditions, the obtained detection limits (LODs) are as low as 1.26 μg L−1 for As and 0.72 μg L−1 for Sb, respectively. Moreover, it offers good repeatability, where the relative standard deviations (RSDs) are less than 2.5%. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of simulated natural water reference samples. Furthermore, it has been successfully applied to the determination of tap water, pond water, and hot spring samples. All these results clearly demonstrate the proposed simple, cost-effective and field-deployable method provides a promising approach for the field analysis of As and Sb. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Arsenic

Co-Benefits in Carbon Reduction from Freight Mode Shifts Under China's "Clean Air Action"

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Lina Liu, Yifan Zhu, Yijing Mommens, Koen Wang, Haikun State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels1050 Belgium Collaborative Innovation Centre of Climate Change Jiangsu Province Nanjing210023 China Frontiers Science Centre for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

China's air pollution mitigation policy promotes the shift of bulk cargo transportation from roadways to railways and waterways, consequently influencing carbon emissions. Developing a novel emissions assessment encompassing various truck types, rail, and waterways, we quantitatively examined the potential co-benefits of freight mode shifts on CO2 (carbon dioxide) and air pollution emissions through counterfactual scenarios during "Clean Air Action" from 2013 to 2020. Our findings indicate an avoidance of approximately 15.0 Mt of CO2 emissions within the freight sector. Specifically, medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks substantially contribute to carbon reduction in distinct periods. Rail transportation acted as the most effective mode, significantly promoting simultaneous mitigation. While positive co-benefits are observed in HC (hydrocarbon, 9.2 Kt), CO (carbon monoxide, 258.8 Kt), and NOx (nitrogen oxides, 258.0 Kt), PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) did not exhibit the same trend due to an increase in waterway emissions, resulting in an additional 7.6 Kt of emissions. Freight mode shifts have proven effective for synergistic emissions reductions, but the increasing waterway emissions should be paid more attention to. Enhancing railway capacity and optimizing energy structures for waterways and highways will amplify policy impact, aiding China's journey towards carbon neutrality. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

Review:Layer⁃Number controllable Preparation of High⁃Quality Graphene for Wide Applications

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2020年第3期27卷 136-157页

作者： Yun⁃Bin Xie Mei⁃Rong Huang Xin⁃Gui Li State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological SecurityCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Weikai Optoelectronic New Materials Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201111China

Graphene, a well-known two-dimensional(2 D) material, has sparked broad enthusiasm in both scientific and industrial communities in these years, due to its exceptional electrical, thermal, mechanical, and versatile properties. However, many properties and applications of graphene are layer-number dependent. The preparation of high-quality graphene with controlled layer numbers is full of challenge, since the layer number varies much with the synthesis routes and relevant experimental conditions. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve the layer-number controllability of graphene preparation. Generally, graphene can be prepared by two complementary approaches: "top-down" and "bottom-up". Since they have their own advantages, the recent advances in the layer-number tunable preparation of high-quality graphene are separately studied from the two aspects in this review, especially those dedicated to single parameter. Some effective strategies are discussed in detail, mainly including 1) supercritical-CO2 assisted sonication, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite intercalation compounds, and layer-by-layer thinning with plasma or laser, for "top-down" graphene;2) chemical vapor deposition(CVD) on dual-metal substrate, ion-implantation CVD, layer-by-layer CVD, plasma-enhanced CVD, layered-double-hydroxides template-assisted CVD;and 3) graphite-enclosure assisted epitaxial growth and pulsed-magnetron-sputtering assisted physical vapor deposition for "bottom-up" graphene on various substrates. In addition, the respective advantages of graphene with different layer numbers in properties and applications are also presented. Finally, the contribution concludes with some important perspectives on the remained challenges and future perspectives.

关键词： graphene nanosheet preparation controllable layer number tunable morphology high quality graphene

Efficient Degradation of Bisphenol a by Fe3+/Fe2+ Cycle Activating Persulfate with the Assistance of Biochar-Supported Moo2

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ouyang, Da Wu, Ronghao Xu, Zhaojun Zhu, Xiaomin Cai, Yimin Chen, Ruihuan Zhu, Changyin Barceló, Damià Zhang, Haibo Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province School of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Hangzhou311300 China College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou University Wenzhou325035 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China CSIC Barcelona Spain

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on persulfate (PDS) activation by iron materials have attracted significant attention due to their high organic pollution removing efficient and relatively low remediation costs. However, one of the iron-based materials' shortcomings is the weak activation ability of Fe3+ on PDS and the low sustainability of Fe2+ in the oxidation environment. In this study, biochar-supported molybdenum dioxide (MoO2@BC) was employed as a co-catalyst to enhance the Fe3+ based PDS activation for Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. Results showed that more than 96% BPA (5.0 mg L-1 ) were removed during 60 min with only 2.0 mM PDS, 0.04 mM Fe3+ and 0.5 g L-1 MoO2@BC addition, respectively. In addition, the performance of BPA degradation within MoO2@BC/Fe3+/PDS system slightly decreased after four reuses. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and quenching experiments indicated that reactive oxidation species (ROSs) contributing to the degradation of BPA were SO4•- , •OH and 1O2 . Besides, it was found that biochar supporting favours the adsorption of Fe3+ on the MoO2 surface and promotes the electron transfer from Mo(IV) to Fe3+ based on the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, electrochemical tests and density functional theory calculation (DFT). This work provides a new insight for enhancing the performance of organic contaminants degradation through AOPs based on persulfate activation by iron material. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

Acclimatization of salt-tolerant bacteria in a pilot-scale biological treatment system for actual high-salinity wastewater from a chemical industrial park

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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2025年第4期13卷

作者： Yifan Feng Chunlei Yang Jun Li Xinchun Ding Ruize Xia Min Hu Yechao Tian Yang Pan Quanxing Zhang Aimin Li State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry Nanjing University Quanzhou 362008 China

A pilot-scale biological wastewater treatment system (5 m³/d), comprising up-flow hydrolysis, push-flow hydrolysis, and membrane tanks, was developed to treat high-salinity wastewater generated by a chemical industrial park. Results indicated that this pilot-scale system achieved average removal efficiencies of 72.15 % for COD, 95.40 % for NH₃-N, and 64.32 % for total phosphorus at a salinity of 3 %. Salt-tolerant bacteria, including Mangroviflexis , Sunxiuqinia , Desulfomicrobium , Desulfococcus , and Oscillochloris , were acclimatized by gradually increasing the influent salt concentration. Desulfococcus was identified as the keystone genus through co-occurrence network analysis. High-throughput sequencing coupled with PICRUSt2 showed that salinity within 3 % has minimal effect on the nitrification capacity of the MBR tank, whereas salinity exceeding 3 % significantly inhibits the nitrification process. This inhibition primarily resulted from a decrease in amo ABC genes, whose relative abundance declined from 7.51 TPM to 4.23 TPM with the influent salinity rose from 3 % to 4 %. Similarly, salinity above 3 % significantly inhibited aerobic carbon metabolism in the MBR tank, as most of the tricarboxylic acid-associated functional genes were downregulated, leading to a total abundance decrease from 6271.69 TPM to 4853.31 TPM. Both hydrolysis tanks demonstrated stronger denitrification abilities under high-salinity conditions, primarily attributed to increased abundance of denitrification genes. The total abundance rose from 194.91 and 231.73 TPM to 425.14 and 513.51 TPM in the two hydrolysis tanks, respectively, with narGT and norBC genes showing the most pronounced enrichment.

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