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Bi-Level Optimisation Model for Harvesting Spatial-Temporal Load Shifting Flexibility of Data Centres Using Endogenously Formed Locational Price Signal

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IET Smart Grid 2025年第1期8卷

作者： Ding Ma Yujian Ye Yizhi Wu Dezhi Xu Zhaohao Ding Goran Strbac School of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources (North China Electric Power University) Beijing China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK

With the rapid advancement of digital information technology, the demand for computational power continues to grow, driving the expansion of the data centre (DC) industry, leading to gigantic amount of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. DCs, serving as flexible and adjustable resources on the load side of power systems, are essential to the operation of modern energy systems. In this context, this paper proposes a coordinated and secure scheduling strategy for DCs and power system, utilising spatial-temporal flexibility. First, the architecture and operational characteristics of DCs are analysed, followed by the development of an power consumption model to quantify their spatial-temporal flexibility. Then, a bi-level optimisation model is developed to coordinate computational power and electricity, considering DCs' dual roles as independent operators and flexible resources that influence locational electricity prices. Finally, simulation analyses are performed on the modified IEEE 39-node system. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively utilises the spatial-temporal flexibility of DCs, alleviating system congestion. In terms of economic benefits, it enhances the cost efficiency of the DCs by 70% and reduces the system's operating costs by 46%. Regarding environmental impact, the strategy increases renewable energy consumption by 26.58% and significantly reduces carbon emissions by 63%.

关键词： energy demand management load dispatching management of energy demand, storage and EVs optimisation power system management pricing

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Real-time electromagnetic transient simulation algorithm for integrated power systems based on network level and component level parallelism

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第11期55卷 3232-3241页

作者： CHEN LaiJun CHEN Ying MEI ShengWei State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments(Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University)Beijing 100084China

The analysis and simulation of power system are becoming more and more challenging as the complexity of system topology and components has been increased. In this paper, a hybrid parallel algorithm is proposed for the real-time electromagnetic transient simulation （EMTS） of integrated power systems containing multiphase machines. The proposed algorithm is com- posed of a novel network partition method called component level parallelization and the Multi-Area Thevenin Equivalent （MATE） method, which extends the flexibility of the network partition in parallel simulation. Moreover, several methods are developed to enhance the efficiency of the communication and computation. power systems with up to 410 single-phase elec- trical nodes and 336 switches are simulated in a time step of 50 ~ts to validate the proposed algorithm.

关键词： EMTP multiphase machine network partition parallel computing power system real-time simulation

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Real-time AGC dispatch units considering wind power and ramping capacity of thermal units

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2015年第3期3卷 353-360页

作者： Jingyi ZHANG Chao LU Jie SONG Junbo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Peking UniversityBeijingChina

The high penetration of wind energy sources in power systems has substantially increased the demand for faster-ramping thermal units participating in the frequency regulation *** fulfill the automatic generation control(AGC)and compensate the influence of wind power fluctuations simultaneously,ramping capacity should be considered in the dispatch model of ***,conventional methods in this area do not take the impact of transmission loss into the dispatch model,or rely on offline network model and parameters,failing to reflect the real relationships between the wind farms and thermal *** paper proposes an online approach for AGC dispatch units considering the above ***,the power loss sensitivity is online identified using recursive least square method based on the real-time data of phasor measurement *** sets up power balance constraint and results in a more accurate dispatch ***,an improved multi-objective optimization model of dispatch is proposed and a connection is established between the thermal units with fast ramping capacity and the wind farms with rapid *** algorithm is used to solve the dispatch *** proposed method is compared with conventional methods in simulation case in the IEEE 30-bus ***,simulation results verify the validity and the feasibility of identification method and optimization model.

关键词： Ramping capacity Loss sensitivity Automatic generation control(AGC)optimal dispatch On-line identification Genetic algorithm

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Inertia Support Strategy for DC Collecting system of Wind Turbine Generator

Inertia Support Strategy for DC Collecting System of Wind Tu...

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2024 CPSS and IEEE International Symposium on Energy Storage and Conversion, CPSS and ISESC 2024

作者： Liu, Zenyang Sun, Kai Wang, Huan Lu, Junlong Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing China Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Renewable Energy Power Generation System Research Department Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380514

In wind turbine generators system, lacking of inertia is a common problem. In AC collecting system, some researches have been done to solve this problem. However, in DC collecting system, few researches were done. This paper analyzes the analogies between AC and DC collecting system and the virtual capacitor control corresponding to the virtual synchronous generator control. Small signal models of different precision are proposed considering the LLC resonant converter used for stepping-up. The virtual capacitance provided by the control is calculated using the small signal model and this verifies the effectiveness of the control quantitively and demonstrates that the small signal models are useful. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Wind Turbine Generators

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New research advancement in electrical engineering field of China-Reviews on special issue of Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第8期54卷 1285-1286页

作者： MEI ShengWei MA Jin State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Key Laboratory of Power System Protection and Dynamic Security Monitoring and Control of Ministry of Education North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China

Based on,but not limited to the research results of electrical engineering published in the special issue of Science in China Series E,June 2008,this essay gives a brief review on a wide range of state-of-art advancement in electrical engineering field of China,which includes power system modeling,analysis and control,risk assessments in power system,etc.

关键词：电气工程工程领域技术科学电力系统研究成果中国科学系统建模风险评估

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Distributionally Robust Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Uncertainty of Contingency Probability

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2022年第4期10卷 894-901页

作者： Weilun Wang Mingqiang Wang Xueshan Han Ming Yang Qiuwei Wu Ran Li Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan 250002China Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of DenmarkRegion HovedstadenDenmark

The outage of power system equipment is one of the most important factors that affect the reliability and economy of power *** is crucial to consider the influence of contingencies elaborately in planning *** this paper,a distributionally robust transmission expansion planning model is proposed in which the uncertainty of contingency probability is *** uncertainty of contingency probability is described by uncertainty interval based on the outage rate of single *** epigraph reformulation and Benders decomposition are applied to solve the proposed ***,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are illustrated on the IEEE RTS system and the IEEE 118-bus system.

关键词： Benders decomposition distributionally robust equipment outage rate transmission expansion planning

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Round-trip information timeliness based energy storage control for cyber-physical integrated multi-energy system

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 127卷

作者： Haijun Liao Hongshuo Zhang Wenxuan Che Ziming Li Wen Zhou Zhenyu Zhou Muhammad Tariq State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Electrical Engineering Department National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

The cyber–physical integrated multi-energy system (MES) with energy storage plays an essential supporting role in achieving low-carbon operation of distribution grid. Distributed consensus optimization is the core principle to facilitate cost-efficient operation of MES under the volatility of renewable energy output and load. However, the economic control of cyber–physical integrated MES neglects the close coupling between the physical-domain control stability and cyber-domain information interaction timeliness. Meanwhile, there lacks a timeliness model reflecting the timeliness loss in the round-trip information interaction among multi-energy subsystems, and a consensus optimization method considering the round-trip information timeliness and multi-energy subsystem influences, thereby weaking control stability and convergence performance. Thus, a round-trip timeliness model for cyber-domain MES is developed, and a cyber–physical integrated MES control problem is constructed to minimize the total control cost by jointly optimizing cyber-domain interaction sequence, physical-domain consensus variable weights, and multi-energy subsystem output power. A round-trip timeliness minimization-driven control algorithm for cyber–physical integrated MES is proposed. In the offline phase, K-means and radial basis function are used to fit the influence of MESs. In the online phase, a low-complexity externality matching algorithm is proposed to optimize the interaction sequence and adjust the consensus variable update process to improve information timeliness and control economy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has superior performances in economic control of MES and convergence speed.

关键词： Boolean functions

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Metal Particle Contamination in Gas-insulated Switchgears/Gas-insulated Transmission Lines

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2021年第5期7卷 1011-1025页

作者： Jian Wang Qi Hu Yanan Chang Jingrui Wang Ruixue Liang Youping Tu Chuanyang Li Qingmin Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources and the Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and EMC North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China. Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China.

Metal particle contamination in a gas-insulated switchgear(GIS)or a gas-insulated transmission line(GIL)is an important factor leading to the decline of insulation *** the deterioration mechanism and suppression measures of metal particles on insulation is a key technical problem in enhancing the dielectric strength of GIS/GIL *** this paper,the charge and motion characteristics of metal particles are first *** gas gap breakdown caused by free metal particles and the surface flashover caused by metal particles near or adsorbed on the insulator are then analyzed according to different particle motion patterns and spatial *** in terms of operation managements,the existing methods of particle detection are *** addition,the main inhibition methods of metal particles are introduced from three aspects:particle trap,insulator surface treatment and electrode ***,the prospects in the future research on particle pollution in GIS/GIL are also pointed out.

关键词： Gas gap breakdown GIS/GIL metal particles particle detection particle suppression surface flashover

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Decision Support system for Adaptive Restoration control of Distribution system

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2022年第5期10卷 1256-1273页

作者： Lili Hao Yusheng Xue Ze Li Haohao Wang Qun Xu School of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China State Grid Electric Power Research Institute(NARI Group Corporation) NanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control NanjingChina State Grid Qingdao Power Supply Company QingdaoChina

Aiming at the high-dimensional uncertainties of restoration process, an optimization model for distribution system restoration control is proposed considering expected restoration benefits, expected restoration costs, and security risks of the overall restoration scheme. In the proposed model, the effect of security control on restoration process is actively analyzed considering the security control costs of preventive, emergency, and correction controls. A two-layer decision support framework for distribution system restoration decision support system(DRDSS) is also designed. The upper layer of the proposed framework generates the pre-adjustment schemes of operation mode for energized power grid by load transfer and selects the optimal pre-adjustment scheme and the corresponding partitioning scheme based on the partition adjustment results of each pre-adjustment scheme. In addition, it optimizes the spatial-temporal decision-making of the inter-partition connectivity. For each partition, the lower layer of the proposed framework pre-selects the units and loads to be restored according to the pre-evaluated restoration income, generates the table of alternative restoration scheme for coping with uncertain events through simulation and deduction, and evaluates the risk and benefit of each *** the uncertain events in the actual restoration process, the current restoration scheme can be adaptively switched to a sub-optimal scheme or re-optimized if necessary. Meanwhile, the proposed framework provides an information interaction interface for collaborative restoration with the related transmission system. A 123-node test system is built to evaluate the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed model and framework.

关键词： Distribution system restoration pre-adjustment of operation mode load transfer dynamic partitioning risk and benefit security control

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Environment-friendly Insulating Gases for HVDC Gas-insulated Transmission Lines

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2021年第3期7卷 510-529页

作者： Geng Chen Youping Tu Cong Wang Jue Wang Zhikang Yuan Guoming Ma Jian Wang Bo Qi Chuanyang Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources and the Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and EMC North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Environment-friendly gas insulating mediums adapted to a DC gas-insulated transmission line(GIL)electric field condition is the key to the next generation of Environment-friendly HVDC *** this paper,we review the literature on sulfur hexafluoride(SF6)alternatives including the scientific understanding,control,and implementation of gas-solid systems in this type of power ***,the structure-activity relationship between the molecular structure and physico-chemical properties of Environment-friendly insulating gases is ***,the search and prediction of important physicochemical properties of gases are ***,in view of the potential of environmental friendly insulating gases,the swarm parameters of gas discharge and breakdown properties in a quasi-uniform field,inhomogeneous field,and at the gas-solid interface,that need to be taken into account with industrialized DC GILs are *** latest research progress on insulation characteristics,especially the polarity effect in DC gas-solid insulation systems,the sensitivity to the electrode surface state,and the non-uniformity of the electric field,and the influence of metal particles and their variation with air pressure,is *** addition,the heat transfer characteristics of insulating gases,related to DC GIL transmission with a large current-carrying capacity and the influence of alternative gases on the heat transfer characteristics are ***,aiming at solving the contradiction of low environmental impact,high dielectric strength and low liquefaction temperatures in the selection of alternative gases,an coordinated regulation model for Environment-friendly gases in DC GILs is *** for future work on this topic are also presented.

关键词： Environmental friendly insulating gas gas-insulated transmission line high-voltage direct-current transmis-sion sulfur hexafluoride

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