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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xiao, Tannan Chen, Ying Diao, Han Huang, Shaowei Shen, Chen State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing10084 China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

power system optimal dispatch with transient security constraints is commonly represented as Transient Security-Constrained Optimal power Flow (TSC-OPF). Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based TSC-OPF trains efficient decision-making agents that are adaptable to various scenarios and provide solution results quickly. However, due to the high dimensionality of the state space and action spaces, as well as the non-smoothness of dynamic constraints, existing DRL-based TSC-OPF solution methods face a significant challenge of the sparse reward problem. To address this issue, a fast-converging DRL method for TSC-OPF is proposed in this paper. The Markov Decision Process (MDP) modeling of TSC-OPF is improved by reducing the observation space and smoothing the reward design, thus facilitating agent training. An improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm with Curriculum learning, Parallel exploration, and Ensemble decision-making (DDPG-CPEn) is introduced to drastically enhance the efficiency of agent training and the accuracy of decision-making. The effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through experiments in the IEEE 39-bus system and a practical 710-bus regional power grid. The source code of the proposed method is made public on GitHub. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Simulation Modeling and Single-Phase Grounding Fault state Analysis of HTS Cables

Simulation Modeling and Single-Phase Grounding Fault State A...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, ASEMD 2023

作者： Jiao, Ting Huang, Hua Li, Honglei Shen, Siyuan Liu, Yakun State Grid Shanghai Municipal State Grid Shanghai Electrical Power Research Institute State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Shanghai China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Ministry of Education Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301571

The high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable technology holds significant potential for development. However, faults occurring in HTS cables can pose substantial threats to the safe operation of the power grid. In this study, we have developed an equivalent circuit model for HTS cables and utilized PSCAD and MATLAB to collaboratively simulate the rapid variations in current and resistance during the quenching process in the event of a single-phase grounding fault. The simulation results can serve as valuable references for the design of the fault warning function aimed at enhancing the safety of HTS cables in power grid operations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： fault High temperature superconducting cables MATLAB PSCAD quench

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Online distributed tracking of generalized Nash equilibrium on physical networks——Closing the Loop via Measurement Feedback

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Autonomous Intelligent systems 2021年第1期1卷 69-80页

作者： Yifan Su Feng Liu Zhaojian Wang Shengwei Mei Qiang Lu The State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information ProcessingMinistry of Education of ChinaDepartment of AutomationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

In generalized Nash equilibrium(GNE)seeking problems over physical networks such as power grids,the enforcement of network constraints and time-varying environment may bring high computational *** online algorithms is recognized as a promising method to cope with this challenge,where the task of computing system states is replaced by directly using measured values from the physical *** this paper,we propose an online distributed algorithm via measurement feedback to track the GNE in a time-varying networked resource sharing *** that some system states are not measurable and measurement noise always exists,a dynamic state estimator is incorporated based on a Kalman filter,rendering a closed-loop dynamics of measurement-feedback driven online *** prove that,with a fixed step size,this online algorithm converges to a neighborhood of the GNE in *** simulations validate the theoretical results.

关键词： Generalized Nash equilibrium Distributed optimization Online optimization Feedback-based optimization state estimation Sharing market

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On the Consistency of Renewable-to-Hydrogen Pricing

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2022年第2期8卷 392-402页

作者： Litao Zheng Jianxiao Wang Yang Yu Gengyin Li Ming Zhou Qing Xia Guizhi Xu State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute co. Ltd.State Grid Corporation of ChinaBeijing 102211China

With the proposal of carbon neutrality goals and hydrogen energy development strategies in various countries,the development and construction of hydrogen supply chains have become important ***,existing research has paid little attention to the hydrogen market and ***,a hydrogen pricing method based on marginal pricing theory is proposed in this paper,which adapts to hydrogen systems with renewable-to-hydrogen as a major source,in the future.A hydrogen energy market is established to define the industrial chain of hydrogen and the hydrogen trading *** hydrogen market-clearing model is formulated considering a dynamic line *** to its nonconvexity,the model is equivalently converted into mixed-integer second-order cone programming,and the optimality gap is minimized by introducing a penalty *** on the clearing solution,the concept and calculation method of the locational marginal hydrogen price(LMHP)are proposed with respect to the locational marginal price(LMP)in electricity *** studies based on a modified Belgium 20-node gas network and Pennsylvania,New Jersey,and Maryland(PJM)market operation data demonstrate the consistency between LMHP and LMP.

关键词： Hydrogen market locational marginal price renewable-to-hydrogen second-order cone programming Weymouth equation

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Performance-Aware control of Modular Batteries For Fast Frequency Response

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： He, Yutong Ruan, Guangchun Zhong, Haiwang State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Lab for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Modular batteries can be aggregated to deliver frequency regulation services for power grids. Although utilizing the idle capacity of battery modules is financially attractive, it remains challenging to consider the heterogeneous module-level characteristics such as dynamic operational efficiencies and battery degradation. In addition, real-time decision making within seconds is required to enable fast frequency response. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a performance-aware scheduling approach for battery modules to deliver fast frequency response (FFR) support. In particular, the conduction loss and switching loss of battery packs as well as converters are captured within a mix-integer quadratic constrained program (MIQCP). The cycle-based aging model identifies the aging cost of battery modules during frequent cycling by introducing the aging subgradient calculation and linearization. Case studies based on real-world battery data show that the proposed scheduling approach can effectively reduce power loss cost by nearly 28%-57% and battery aging cost by 4%-15% compared to conventional methods, which can also enhance the SoC balance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Battery management systems

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A Novel Analytical Wake Model for Mountain Wind Farms Considering Variable Surface Roughness and Wake Effects of Near-Middle Region

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Bingchen Ding, Lifu Xiao, Tannan Chen, Ying Lu, Qiuyu Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Dispatch Control Center Guangdong Power Grid Company Ltd Gaungzhou510600 China

In comparison to offshore wind farms and those situated on flat terrains, mountain wind farms exhibit distinct characteristics, such as reduced distances between wind turbines and a higher degree of surface roughness in the surrounding environment. These inherent characteristics present significant challenges for the application of existing analytical models. For instance, the capability of the wake velocity model to accurately predict conditions in the near-middle wake regions has been put under scrutiny. Simultaneously, the wake turbulence intensity model is required to adjust to the distribution of turbulence intensity under conditions of heightened surface roughness. Moreover, the existing parameter calibration algorithms for wake model prove challenging to implement for an observed operational wind farm. To address these issues for mountain wind farms, an analytical wake model with online parameter calibration is proposed. The new wake velocity model significantly improves upon the limitations of the Shen model, particularly in the critical near-middle wake regions. Meanwhile, the wake turbulence model introduces a sophisticated prediction of vertical distribution under various surface roughness conditions. The model's enhancements are rigorously validated through extensive experimental data and Supervisory control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) data, confirming its superior predictive capabilities and the effectiveness of the online calibration algorithm. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Quantitative detection of alkali metal Na based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology

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Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 2025年第4期50卷 2262-2270页

作者： Shen, Sijie Li, Chi Zhou, Wangzheng Wang, Zhenzhen Yan, Junjie Hou, Zongyu Wang, Zhe Deguchi, Yoshihiro School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University Taiyuan030032 China Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima770-8506 Japan

The alkali metal compounds released from high alkali fuels such as low-quality coal during thermal utilization can affect the normal operation of thermal equipment. Therefore, rapid online detection of alkali metal content in low-quality coal is of great significance for controlling alkali metal release during combustion. The alkali metal Na element is used as the detection object, and the mixed samples of graphite and sodium chloride powder with different ratios are used as experimental samples. The influencing factors of measuring Na element in samples using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology are studied. The impact of two signal strength calculation methods on signal stability is compared. The influence of experimental parameters on signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed. The quantitative calculation models for Na element have been established. Research has shown that the characteristic spectral lines of Na element, Na I 588.995 nm and Na I 589.592 nm, are suitable as the main analytical spectral lines. Using the area intensity of the dual line characteristic spectral lines of Na element as the signal intensity can effectively improve signal stability. When the laser energy is 60 mJ and the delay time is 1 000 ns, the relative standard deviation of spectral signal intensity is low and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The quantitative calculation models are established using traditional calibration method, partial least squares (PLS) method, and support vector machine (SVR) with spectral signal intensity as the input and Na element addition in the sample as the output. The accuracy of each model is compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the PLS model may exhibit overfitting when the sample size is small and the input quantity is large. The fitting accuracy of the SVR model is 0.978 3, the root mean square percentage error of the training set is 13.42%, and the root mean square percentage error of the test set is 13.51

关键词： Sodium chloride

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A Software-Defined Reconfigurable Battery system Prototype

A Software-Defined Reconfigurable Battery System Prototype

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Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications

作者： Siyu Jin Baochang Liu Yanglin Zhou Junrui Liang Song Ci Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798331517816

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517823

In the energy internet era, distributed energy storage systems will be widely used in various industrial, commercial, and residential scenarios. However, the modeling of energy flow and the digital flow of information operate on different temporal and spatial scales in traditional energy storage systems, lacking deep integration between energy flow and information flow. This prevents it from completely addressing the complex battery cell balancing and low safety issues in current distributed energy storage systems. The proposal of software-defined energy storage provides a new approach to solve the inherent problems in the battery industry by introducing the idea of internet shielding terminal differences into energy storage system. We proposed a software-defined reconfiguration battery system (SRBS) in this paper, which can manage different types of energy storage media to adapt to varying loads and operating conditions. Energy-type batteries, power-type batteries, and supercapacitors are integrated together to form an efficient and safe energy storage and power supply system. The hardware architecture and software control method of SRBS are described in detail. Finally, a real-world prototype is charged and discharged to show the successful coexistence and operation of different energy storage media within a single system.

关键词： Prototypes Energy Internet systems architecture Computer architecture Transforms Media Software Hardware Batteries Energy storage

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Integrated Distribution Management system:Architecture,Functions,and Application in China

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 245-258页

作者： Wenchuan Wu Penghua Li Bin Wang Yingshang Liu Tao Xu Hongwei Du Yan He the State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the Electric Power Control Center of China Southern Power Grid Corporation GuangzhouChina the National Electric Power Control Center of State Grid Corporation of China BeijingChina NARI Technology Co. Ltd.NanjingChina Beijing Guoke Hengtong Technology Co. Ltd.BeijingChina

As massive distributed energy resources(DERs)are integrated into distribution networks(DNs)and the distribution automation facilities are widely deployed,the DNs are evolving to active distribution networks(ADNs).This paper introduces the architecture and main function modules of an integrated distribution management system(IDMS)and its applica-tions in *** system consists of three subsystems,including the real-time operation and control system(OCS),outage management system(OMS),and operator training simulator(OTS).The OCS has a hierarchical architecture with three levels,including the local controller for DER clusters,the optimization of DNs incorporated with multi-clusters,and the coordina-tion operation of integrated transmission&distribution(T&D)*** OMS is developed based on the geographical information system(GIS)and coordinated with *** in the OTS,both the ADN and its host transmission network(TN)are simulated to make the simulation results more *** main functions of the three subsystems and their interaction data flows are described and some typical application scenarios are also presented.

关键词： Active distribution network(ADN) integrated distribution management system(IDMS) operation and control system(OCS) outage management system(OMS) operator training simulator(OTS) geographical information system(GIS).

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Quasi-Parallel Resonant Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter with Continuous Voltage Regulation Capability

Quasi-Parallel Resonant Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter w...

引用

IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE

作者： Jingjing Qi Xuezhi Wu Wenzheng Xu Kai Sun Department of Electrical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350376067

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376074

Resonant switched capacitor converters have the advantages of small size, light weight and high efficiency, but have poor voltage regulation ability. To overcome this problem, a quasi-parallel resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper, which mainly incorporates a resonant switched capacitor converter with soft-switching and variable voltage ratio and a Buck converter. Most of the power can be transmitted by the resonant switched capacitor converter, while the Buck converter is responsible for output voltage regulation. In addition, the voltage ratio of the resonant switched capacitor converter can be flexibly changed base on the input voltage, which is beneficial for Buck converter to always handle a small portion of power. Furthermore, input voltage feedforward control is incorporated to suppress the input voltage disturbance. The proposed converter can not only continuously regulate the voltage over a wide range, but also perform high efficiency and achieve rapid dynamic response. The operating principle of the converter is introduced, the circuit characteristic is analyzed, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by experiments.

关键词： Dynamic response Buck converters Voltage fluctuations Fluctuations Capacitors Soft switching Switches Regulation Voltage control Zero current switching

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