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Advanced Grid-Forming Undersea Pumped Storage to Enable 100% Renewable Offshore Oilfield power systems

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Su, Kaiyuan Wang, Xi Xie, Xiaorong Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China

To advance carbon reduction of the offshore oilfield power system (OOPS), the grid-forming undersea pumped storage system (GFM-UPSS) emerges as a promising solution. This paper introduces a novel framework for a 100% renewable OOPS utilizing the GFM-UPSS. Firstly, the control strategy of the GFM-UPSS is presented. It consists of the grid-side converter (GSC), machine-side converter (MSC), and reversible pump-turbine (RPT) to achieve frequency and voltage regulation. A steady-state model is then developed detailing the water head, power, and volume of the spherical shell. In addition, the paper explores the converter parameter impacts on the GFM-UPSS transient model and derives the closed-form solutions. With the steady-state model, an optimal sizing method is presented and economic advantages in the marine environment are studied for the GFM-UPSS. Finally, EMT simulations are conducted to assess the frequency & voltage stabilities and verify the effectiveness of the GFM-UPSS in enabling a 100% renewable OOPS. The optimal sizing results show that construction costs, mainly for OWP, are dominated and are influenced by sphere radius, placement depth, and start-stop cycles, while a 2.5 capacity ratio between OWP and GFM-UPSS consistently emerges as optimal. Moreover, analysis of transient stability shows that it improves with higher frequency & voltage modulation coefficient and lower virtual impedance. The impact of RPT and MSC, mainly on frequency regulation, is determined by the DC droop coefficient and turbine inertia. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Offshore oil fields

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Stable Stochastic MPC for Uncertain Wind Energy Conversion system Over Whole Operating Regions

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 515-528页

作者： Liu, Xiangjie Guo, Shifan Ma, Lele Kong, Xiaobing Lee, Kwang Y. North China Electric Power University State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources Beijing102206 China Baylor University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WacoTX76798-7356 United States

The stochastic uncertainty of wind speed presents a great challenge for achieving reliable power control in wind energy conversion system (WECS). Due to the excellence in handling the uncertainties based on probabilistic descriptions, stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) has been regarded as a promising strategy for WECS. However, owing to fluctuation characteristic of wind speed, operating points commonly change in WECS. Thus, an important limitation of applying SMPC to WECS stems from the fact that feasibility and stability of the traditional SMPC can only be ensured at one single predesigned operating point. Regarding this issue, a stable SMPC strategy for uncertain WECS is proposed in this paper to ensure the feasibility and stability of WECS under changing operating points over the whole operating regions. A Luenberger observer is employed to estimate model-plant mismatch introduced by linearization process, while a tube-based control framework is deployed to cope with stochastic wind speed disturbance. The feasibility of SMPC is ensured by incorporating artificial steady targets as optimization variables, while the stability of WECS is guaranteed by modifying the cost function and extending the terminal constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through simulations and experiments under different scenarios. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Understanding a Type of Forced Oscillation in Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverter Connected systems

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IEEE Transactions on power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 11628-11640页

作者： Chen, Song Wang, Yang Tian, Zhen Xiao, Xianyong Xie, Xiaorong Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol Sichuan University College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan Chengdu610065 China Wuhan University School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan430070 China Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Technical University of Catalonia Electrical Engineering Department Barcelona08034 Spain

This paper investigates a novel oscillation phenomenon in systems with grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on small-signal stability, this work explores forced oscillations (FOs), where GFL inverters act as excitation sources, inducing oscillations in GFM inverters. Specifically, interharmonics generated by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control trigger low-frequency oscillation modes in GFM inverters. To analyze this phenomenon, the paper first examines the power characteristics of the interharmonics injected by MPPT and leverages this understanding to develop a P-ω admittance model for GFM and GFL inverter connected systems. This model enables precise prediction of FO amplitudes and provides insights into the influence of factors such as the number of GFM inverters on oscillation behavior. To validate findings, hardware-in-the-loop experiments are performed to verify the observed behavior in a system consisting of photovoltaic farms with GFL control and battery energy storage systems with GFM control. Finally, merits and limitations of this work are explicitly highlighted to provide a balanced perspective. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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An Efficient Stability Criterion for Near-Fundamental-Frequency Oscillation Risk Assessment of Wind power Integrated systems via MMC-HVDC 19th

An Efficient Stability Criterion for Near-Fundamental-Freque...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Wu, Linlin Dong, Wenkai Ren, Yina Wang, Xiao Xie, Xiaorong State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd. Research Institute North China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing100045 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819613823

Recently, near-fundamental-frequency oscillations (NFFOs) have been observed in practical wind power integrated systems via MMC-HVDC (WISM). However, a practical WISM is often high-order, causing the oscillation risk assessment to be computationally heavy. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient stability criterion is proposed, which gives the critical stability conditions considering the impact of number of generators and network topology. Then NFFO risk of a WISM under different numbers of generators and network topologies can be quickly judged. The stability criterion can be obtained via the Nyquist-based stability analysis on a single generator integrated system via MMC-HVDC and hence is simple in application. In addition, derivations of the stability criterion also give an analytical explanation to the NFFO risk induced by the integration of wind power. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method and conclusions drawn is verified based on a typical WISM. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Topology

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Optimization Scheduling of Multi-Energy Microgrid Based on the QUBO Quantum Computing Model 19th

Optimization Scheduling of Multi-Energy Microgrid Based on t...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Wang, Baonan Wang, Hui Zhang, Dan College of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of Logistic Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819608966

Current optimization methods for microgrid scheduling face issues such as insufficient precision in energy distribution, high operational costs, and inefficiency. In response to these challenges, an optimization scheduling method for multi-energy microgrids based on the QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) quantum computing model is proposed in this paper, alongside a discretization approach based on a grid partitioning strategy. To validate the feasibility of addressing microgrid optimization scheduling problems in a quantum computing environment, a QUBO model is constructed and simulation studies are conducted in the qbsolv environment provided by D-Wave. The results indicate that operational costs are significantly reduced with an increase in the number of grids, particularly a reduction of 4.52% when the number of grids increases from five to ten. This method not only effectively enhances the precision of electricity supply and energy utilization efficiency but also reduces unnecessary electrical waste and economic costs. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Microgrids

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Achieving an Accurate Random Process Model for PV power Using Cheap Data:Leveraging the SDE and Public Weather Reports

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2025年第1期11卷 124-135页

作者： Yiwei Qiu Jin Lin Zhipeng Zhou Ningyi Dai Feng Liu Yonghua Song College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China State Key Laboratory of the Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100087China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of MacaoMacao999078China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100087China

Stochastic differential equation (SDE)-based random process models of renewable energy sources (RESs) jointly capture evolving probability distribution and temporal correlation in continuous time. It enabled recent studies to remarkably improve performance of power system dynamic uncertainty quantification and optimization. However, considering the non-homogeneous random process nature of PV, there still remains a challenging question: how can a realistic and accurate daily SDE model for PV power be obtained that reflects its weather-dependent and non-Gaussian uncertainty in operation, especially when high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) or sky imager is unavailable for many distributed plants? To fill this gap, this article finds that an accurate SDE model for PV power can be constructed only using the data from low-resolution public weather reports. Specifically, for each day, an hourly parameterized Jacobi diffusion process recreates temporal patterns of PV volatility. Its parameters are mapped from the day's public weather reports to reflect varying weather conditions using a simple learning model. The SDE model jointly captures intraday and intrahour volatility. Statistical examination shows that the proposed approach outperforms a selection of the latest deep learning-based time series models on real-world data collected in Macao.

关键词： Photovoltaic(PV)power random process stochastic differential equation(SDE) stochastic optimization time series modeling uncertainty quantification weather report

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A Data-driven Dynamic Temporal Correlation Modeling Framework for Renewable Energy Scenario Generation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Dong, Xiaochong Liu, Yilin Zhang, Xuemin Mei, Shengwei State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Renewable energy power is influenced by the atmospheric system, which exhibits nonlinear and time-varying features. To address this, a dynamic temporal correlation modeling framework is proposed for renewable energy scenario generation. A novel decoupled mapping path is employed for joint probability distribution modeling, formulating regression tasks for both marginal distributions and the correlation structure using proper scoring rules to ensure the rationality of the modeling process. The scenario generation process is divided into two stages. Firstly, the dynamic correlation network models temporal correlations based on a dynamic covariance matrix, capturing the time-varying features of renewable energy while enhancing the interpretability of the black-box model. Secondly, the implicit quantile network models the marginal quantile function in a nonparametric, continuous manner, enabling scenario generation through marginal inverse sampling. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic correlation quantile network outperforms state-of-the-art methods in quantifying uncertainty and capturing dynamic correlation for short-term renewable energy scenario generation. The code is open-source and available at: https://***/DREAMDXC/Dynamic-Correlation-Quantile-Network Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Small Signal Stability-Guaranteed Moving Target Defense Against Load Redistribution Attack On IoT-based Smart Grid

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17413-17429页

作者： Wang, Bingdong Zhang, Zhenyong Wang, Mufeng Liu, Mengxiang Ye, Rui Deng, Ruilong Zhang, Xin Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing100040 China University of Sheffield Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering Sheffield United Kingdom Guizhou Power Grid Co. Ltd. Intelligent Operation Center China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Huzhou Institute of Industrial Control Technology Huzhou313000 China

Moving target defense (MTD) is a promising approach to defend against load redistribution attacks on the internet-of-things (IoT)-based smart grid networks by probing the distorted state estimates with the distributed flexible AC transmission system. However, existing studies mainly focus on optimizing the performance of MTD and ignore the safety effect of it on the system’s operation. In this paper, we fill this gap by deeply analyzing the effect of MTD on the small signal stability and aim to alleviate the negative impact and guarantee its defending performance simultaneously. Firstly, the stability is formally described using the eigenvalue sensitivity. The relationship between the MTD-induced perturbation (MTDper) and the stability criteria is derived. Secondly, a new indicator is proposed to measure the effectiveness of MTDper. Thirdly, a constrained optimization problem is formulated to compute the bound of MTDper for guaranteeing the small signal stability. In addition, a surprising finding is that the stability margin can be improved and enhanced by optimizing the value of MTDper without losing the MTD’s effectiveness. Finally, we evaluate the performance of MTDper and its impact on the small signal stability with extensive simulations on the IEEE 30-bus, 39-bus, and 68-bus test power systems. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Non-unit protection for HVDC grids based on wavelet analysis of transient voltage

Non-unit protection for HVDC grids based on wavelet analysis...

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18th International Conference on Developments in power system Protection (DPSP APAC 2025)

作者： Xinyuan Li Boliang Jin Zhenkang Qi Binshu Chen Xinzhou Dong State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing People's Republic of China

ISBN: (数字)9781837242900

DC grids utilizing MMC-HVDC technology have been extensively researched and implemented in various locations, demonstrating substantial benefits in terms of system flexibility and renewable energy integration. Due to the rapid escalation of fault currents, DC line protections must quickly identify and isolate faults, typically within milliseconds, leading to the adoption of non-unit methods as the primary protection. This paper introduces a non-unit protection scheme that employs transient voltage at both the line-side and converter-side of the supplemental inductor. Based on a reduced model focusing on the boundary of a DC line, the transient process of the fault is examined using traveling wave theory, and the voltage characteristics at both ends of the supplemental inductor are scrutinized. The theoretical analysis also brings out a practical method for threshold-value calculation. Then, a protection criterion, based on wavelet analysis of the transient voltage, is established. This proposed method is capable of fulfilling the requirements for speed, selectivity and fault resistance and has been verified through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.

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Resilience-Oriented Transmission Expansion Planning under Hurricane Impact Considering Vulnerable Line Identification and Hardening

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PROTECTION AND control OF MODERN power systemS 2025年第3期10卷 98-113页

作者： Zhou, Jing Zhang, Heng Cheng, Haozhong Zhang, Shenxi Wang, Zheng Zhang, Xiaohu Electrical Engineering Department Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China East China Branch of State Grid Corporation Shanghai China

Resilient enhancement measures are crucial for increasing systems' capacities to deal with extreme natural disasters. However, in the pre-disaster prevention stage of hurricanes, research that simultaneously considers load importance, vulnerable lines, and multiple resilience enhancement measures is lacking. To address this issue, a novel resilience-oriented transmission expansion planning (ROTEP) model is proposed that incorporates two resilience assessment indices: the combined loss of loads (CLL) and the vulnerable line survival proportion (VLSP). In addition, the novel function of the proposed model meets the requirements of normal and hurricane damage scenarios based on the collaborative implementation of three resilience enhancement measures (expansion planning, hardening, and unit commitment). The proposed ROTEP model is structured in two stages. The first-stage model aims to meet the load growth demand while minimizing the total planning cost of transmission lines, the operating cost of generators, and the penalty cost of wind power and load shedding across several normal scenarios. Based on the scheme obtained from the first-stage model, damage scenarios are constructed, and a fault chain set is formulated using a hurricane simulation model. Then, a cascading fault graph is constructed to identify vulnerable lines. The second-stage model further enhances the CLL and VLSP (if necessary) under several damage scenarios by hardening the highest-contributing or most vulnerable line. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed ROTEP model for enhancing resilience is validated with a modified IEEE RTS-24 system and a two-area IEEE RTS-1996 system.

关键词： Vulnerable line identification resilience enhancement measures hardening unit commitment transmission expansion planning

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