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Design of a Bio-inspired Extensible Continuum Manipulator with Variable Stiffness

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2025年第1期22卷 181-194页

作者： Dongbao Sui Sikai Zhao Tianshuo Wang Yubin Liu Yanhe Zhu Jie Zhao State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China

This paper presents a continuum manipulator inspired by the anatomical characteristics of the elephant ***,the manipulator mimics the conoid profile of the elephant trunk,which helps to enhance its *** design features two concentric parts:inner pneumatically actuated bellows and an outer tendon-driven helical *** tendons control the omnidirectional bending of the manipulator,while the fusion of the pneumatic bellows with the tendon-driven spring results in an antagonistic actuation mechanism that provides the manipulator with variable stiffness and *** paper presents a new design for extensible manipulator and analyzes its stiffness and motion *** results are consistent with theoretical analysis,thereby demonstrating the validity of the theoretical approach and the versatile practical mechanical properties of the continuum *** impressive extensibility and variable stiffness of the manipulator were further demonstrated by performing a pin-hole assembly task.

关键词： Bioinspired robots Continuum robots Soft robotics Variable stiffness

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Two-phase visual servoing for capturing tumbling non-cooperative satellites with a space manipulator

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第12期37卷 560-573页

作者： Dezhi ZHANG Guocai YANG Yongjun SUN Junhong JI Minghe JIN Hong LIU State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

In this paper,a visual servoing approach is developed to capture the docking rings of tumbling non-cooperative satellites with a space *** primary challenge addressed is the potential for the docking ring to leave the monocular camera’s field-of-view as the manipulator approaches the target,due to the ring’s large *** solve this issue,a two-phase visual servoing scheme combining a monocular camera and a three-line structured light vision system is *** an effort to augment the success rate and safety of capture operations,several constraints are formulated,encompassing manipulator’s kinematics,monocular camera’s field-of-view,obstacle avoidance,structured light’s breakpoints and smooth ***,a nonlinear model predictive controller is proposed to manage these constraints in real-time and regulate the *** models are established based on image moments and pose for each phase,selecting these features as visual feedback to simplify the formulation of servo constraints and avoid the complex circle-based pose ***,to ensure unbiased predictions,the model disturbances arising from the imprecise estimation of target motion parameter are observed using an extended Kalman filter,which are then incorporated into the predictive control *** simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme.

关键词： Space manipulator Tumbling non-cooperative satellite Visual servoing Model predictive control Disturbance estimation

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Singularity analysis and avoidance for an SSRMS-type reconfigurable space manipulator with a non-spherical wrist and two lockable passive telescopic links

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 435-459页

作者： Zhiyuan ZHAO Xiaohang YANG Yuntao LI Zichun XU Jingdong ZHAO Hong LIU State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

This study focuses on addressing kinematic singularity analysis and avoidance issues for a space station remote manipulator system(SSRMS)-type reconfigurable space *** manipulator is equipped with a non-spherical wrist and two lockable passive telescopic links(LPTLs),which enable it to have both active revolute and passive prismatic joints and operate in two distinct *** begin with the kinematic singularity analysis,the study derives the differential kinematic equations for the manipulator and identifies the dominant Jacobian matrix that causes ***,an in-depth analysis of singularities from multiple perspectives is ***,a kinematic singularity map method is proposed to capture the distribution of singularities within the reachable ***,the influence of the two LPTLs on singularities is thoroughly ***,a new method based on the matrix rank equivalence principle is introduced to determine singularity conditions,enabling the identification of all the singular configurations for the SSRMS-type reconfigurable ***,this method significantly reduces computational complexity,and the singularity conditions obtained have more concise *** the singularity avoidance problem,a novel method is developed,which simultaneously addresses the requirements of real-time performance,high precision,and the avoidance of both kinematic singularities and joint limit *** from these excellent properties,the proposed method can effectively resolve the singularity issues encountered separately by the SSRMS-type reconfigurable manipulator in its two operational *** typical simulations validate the utility of all the proposed methods.

关键词： Reconfigurable space manipulator Redundant manipulator Kinematics Singularity analysis Singularity avoidance

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A versatile humanoid robot platform for dexterous manipulation and human-robot collaboration

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2024年第2期9卷 526-540页

作者： Xin Shu Fenglei Ni Xinyang Fan Shuai Yang Changyuan Liu Baoxu Tu Yiwei Liu Hong Liu State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina

Humanoid robots have attracted much attention by virtue of their compatibility with human ***,biped humanoids with immense promise still cannot function steadily and reliably in real-world settings in the current ***,rationally combining a humanoid robot with different stable mobile platforms is a favoured solution for diverse ***,a new versatile humanoid robot platform,aiming to provide a generic solution that can be flexibly deployed in diverse scenarios,for example,indoors and fields is *** humanoid robot platform incorporates multimodal perception,and extensible interfaces on hardware and software,allowing it to be rapidly integrated with different mobile platforms and end-effectors,only through easyto-assemble ***,the platform has achieved impressive integration,lightness,dexterity,and strength in its class,with human-like size and rich perception,targeted to have human-intelligent manipulation skills for human-engineered ***,this article elaborates on the reasoning behind the design choices,and outlines each ***,the essential performance of the platform is successfully demonstrated in a set of experiments with precise and dexterous manipulation,and human–robot collaboration requirements.

关键词： intelligent robots robotics

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Characteristic model-based control of aerial manipulator for improved interaction stability

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 166-178页

作者： Bingkai XIU Zhan LI Yipeng YANG Huijun GAO Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems(HIT) Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China

Maintaining contact stability is crucial when the aerial manipulator interacts with the surrounding environment. In this paper, a novel output feedback framework based on a characteristic model is proposed to improve the contact stability of the aerial manipulator. First, only position measurements of the aerial manipulator are introduced to design the practical finite-time command filter-based force observer. Second, an attitude control architecture including characteristic modeling and controller design is presented. In the modeling part, input-output data is utilized to build the characteristic model with fewer parameters and a simpler structure than the traditional dynamic model. Different from conventional control methods, fewer feedback values,namely only angle information, are required for designing the controller in the controller part. In addition, the convergence of force estimation and the stability of the attitude control system are proved by the Lyapunov analysis. Numerical simulation comparisons are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the attitude controller and force observer. The comparative results demonstrate that the tracking error of x and θ channels decreases at least 10.62% and 10.53% under disturbances and the force estimation precision increases at least 45.19% in the different environmental stiffness. Finally, physical flight experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework by a self-built aerial manipulator platform.

关键词： aerial manipulator interaction stability contact force observer characteristic model

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Hemispherical resonator with low subsurface damage machined by small ball-end fine diamond grinding wheel:A novel grinding technique

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 570-585页

作者： Biao QIN Henan LIU Jian CHENG Jinchuan TIAN Jiangang SUN Zihan ZHOU Chuanzhen MA Mingjun CHEN State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Center for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

As for the ultra-precision grinding of the hemispherical fused silica resonator,due to the hard and brittle nature of fused silica,subsurface damage(SSD)is easily generated,which enormously influences the performance of such ***,ultra-precision grinding experiments are carried out to investigate the surface/subsurface quality of the hemispherical resonator machined by the small ball-end fine diamond grinding *** influence of grinding parameters on the surface roughness(SR)and SSD depth of fused silica samples is then *** experimental results indicate that the SR and SSD depth decreased with the increase of grinding speed and the decrease of feed rate and grinding *** addition,based on the material strain rate and the maximum undeformed chip thickness,the effect of grinding parameters on the subsurface damage mechanism of fused silica samples is ***,a multi-step ultra-precision grinding technique of the hemispherical resonator is proposed based on the interaction influence between grinding depth and feed ***,the hemispherical resonator is processed by the proposed grinding technique,and the SR is improved from 454.328 nm to 110.449 nm while the SSD depth is reduced by 94%from 40μm to 2.379μ*** multi-step grinding technique proposed in this paper can guide the fabrication of the hemispherical resonator.

关键词： Fused silica Ultra-precision grinding Hemispherical resonator Subsurface damage Grinding technique

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Automatic Control of Magnetic Helical Microrobots Docking with Target Objects in Liquid Environments

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2025年第2期22卷 574-584页

作者： Fu Zhao Haoran Rong Lefeng Wang State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150080China Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology Ministry of EducationHarbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin150080China

Bio-inspired magnetic helical microrobots have great potential for biomedical and micromanipulation applications. Precise interaction with objects in liquid environments is an important prerequisite and challenge for helical microrobots to perform various tasks. In this study, an automatic control method is proposed to realize the axial docking of helical microrobots with arbitrarily placed cylindrical objects in liquid environments. The docking process is divided into ascent, approach, alignment, and insertion stages. First, a 3D docking path is planned according to the positions and orientations of the microrobot and the target object. Second, a steering-based 3D path-following controller guides the helical microrobot to rise away from the container bottom and approach the target along the path. Third, based on path design with gravity compensation and steering output limits, alignment of position and orientation can be accomplished simultaneously. Finally, the helical microrobot completes the docking under the rotating magnetic field along the target orientation. Experiments verified the automatic docking of the helical microrobot with static targets, including connecting with micro-shafts and inserting into micro-tubes. The object grasping of a reconfigurable helical microrobot aided by 3D automatic docking was also demonstrated. This method enables precise docking of helical microrobots with objects, which might be used for capture and sampling, in vivo navigation control, and functional assembly of microrobots.

关键词： Magnetic actuation Helical microrobots Visual servo Motion control Docking

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Bionic Jumping of Humanoid Robot via Online Centroid Trajectory Optimization and High Dynamic Motion Controller

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第6期21卷 2759-2778页

作者： Xiangji Wang Wei Guo Zhicheng He Rongchao Li Fusheng Zha Lining Sun State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT)Harbin150001China Faculty of Computing Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT)Harbin150001China

The dynamic motion capability of humanoid robots is a key indicator for evaluating their ***,as a typical dynamic motion,is of great significance for enhancing the robot’s flexibility and terrain adaptability in unstructured ***,achieving high-dynamic jumping control of humanoid robots has become a challenge due to the high degree of freedom and strongly coupled dynamic *** idea for this paper originated from the human response process to jumping commands,aiming to achieve online trajectory optimization and jumping motion control of humanoid ***,we employ nonlinear optimization in combination with the Single Rigid Body Model(SRBM)to generate a robot’s Center of Mass(CoM)trajectory that complies with physical constraints and minimizes the angular momentum of the ***,a Model Predictive Controller(MPC)is designed to track and control the CoM trajectory,obtaining the required contact forces at the robot’s ***,a Whole-Body Controller(WBC)is used to generate full-body joint motion trajectories and driving torques,based on the prioritized sequence of tasks designed for the jumping *** control framework proposed in this paper considers the dynamic characteristics of the robot’s jumping process,with a focus on improving the real-time performance of trajectory optimization and the robustness of *** and experimental results demonstrate that our robot successfully executed high jump motions,long jump motions and continuous jump motions under complex working conditions.

关键词： Humanoid robots Jumping motion control Centroid trajectory optimization Optimization and optimal control

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Mechanism of material removal and chip formation of alumina dispersion strengthened copper in micro-milling

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2025年第1期20卷 27-43页

作者： Chang LIU Chunya WU Xiguang LI Bo HOU Jiahao WU Ruijiang SUN Mingjun CHEN School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Alumina dispersion-strengthened copper (ADSC), as a representative particle-reinforced metal matrix composite (PRMMC), exhibits superior wear resistance and high strength. However, challenges arise in their processability because of the non-uniform material properties of biphasic materials. In particular, limited research has been conducted on the reinforcement mechanism and behavior of particles during material cutting deformation of PRMMC with nanoscale particles. In this study, a cutting simulation model for ADSC was established, separating the nanoscale reinforcement particles from the matrix. This model was utilized to analyze the interactions among particles, matrix, and tool during the cutting process, providing insights into chip formation and fracture. Particles with high strength and hardness are more prone to storing stress concentrations, anchoring themselves at grain boundaries to resist grain fibration, thereby influencing the stress distribution in the cutting deformation zone. Stress concentration around the particles leads to the formation of discontinuous chips, indicating that ADSC with high-volume fractions of particle (VFP) exhibits low cutting continuity, which is consistent with the results of cutting experiments. The tool tip that is in contact with particles experiences stress concentration, thereby accelerating tool wear. Cutting ADSC with 1.1% VFP results in tool blunting, which increases the radius of cutting edge from 0.5 to 1.9 μm, accompanied with remarkable coating delamination and wear. Simulation results indicate that the minimum uncut chip thickness increases from 0.04 to 0.07 μm as VFP increases from 0.3% to 1.1%. In conjunction with scratch experiments, MUCT increases with the augmentation of VFP. Computational analysis of the specific cutting force indicates that particles contribute to the material’s size effect. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for practical engineering machining of ADSC, indicating its g

关键词： alumina dispersion-strengthened copper particle-reinforced metal matrix composites material removal mechanism micro-milling chip formation minimum uncut chip thickness

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Hybrid Robotic Arm for Autonomous Aerial Refueling

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 429-440页

作者： Kaixuan Li Gangfeng Liu Yongsheng Gao Jie Zhao State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin 150080China

Autonomous aerial refueling technology is gaining increasing attention to enhance aircraft combat *** research on autonomous refueling focuses mainly on flight control laws,with little attention to the automation of refueling *** leads to high demands on control law performance and navigation accuracy,making it difficult to ensure *** address this,we propose a robotic arm system capable of automatic docking during the flexible aerial refueling *** system uses a conical kinematic space configuration,offering enhanced stability and impact *** frame-type structure achieves a lightweight ***,we establish a single-objective optimization model for the connecting rod dimensions and apply a genetic algorithm(GA)for their *** also propose a trajectory-fitting calibration theory based on the robotic arm's special configuration and complete its movement accuracy calibration using a laser *** calibration method reduces the robotic arm's motion error by 71%,achieving an absolute positioning accuracy better than 3.5 mm,which meets the requirements for autonomous aerial *** summary,this research presents a hybrid robotic arm that meets automatic docking requirements,offering a new approach to autonomous aerial refueling.

关键词： Autonomous aerial refueling Conical kinematic space configuration Optimization of structural design Calibration method

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