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Deciphering decadal urban ozone trends from historical records since 1980

National Science Review 2024年第11期11卷 117-129页

作者： Haolin Wang Xiao Lu Paul I.Palmer Lin Zhang Keding Lu Ke Li Tatsuya Nagashima Ja-Ho Koo Hiroshi Tanimoto Haichao Wang Meng Gao Cheng He Kai Wu Shaojia Fan Yuanhang Zhang School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System Ministry of Education Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) School of Geo Sciences University of Edinburgh National Centre for Earth Observation University of Edinburgh Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology National Institute for Environmental Studies Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California

Ozone pollution is a major environmental threat to human health. Timely assessment of ozone trends is crucial for informing environmental policy. Here we show that for the most recent decade（2013–2022） in the northern hemisphere, warm-season（April–September） mean daily 8-h average maximum ozone increases much faster in urban regions with top ozone levels(mainly in the North China Plain, 1.2 ± 1.3 ppbv year-1) than in other, low-ozone regions(0.2 ± 0.9 ppbv year-1). These trends widen the ozone differences across urban regions, and increase extreme pollution levels and health threats from a global perspective. Comparison of historical trends in different urban regions reveals that ozone increases in China during 2013–2022 differ in magnitude and mechanisms to historical periods in other regions since *** reflects a unique chemical environment characterized by exceptionally high nitrogen oxides and aerosol concentrations, where reducing ozone precursor emissions leads to substantial ozone *** increase in China has slowed down in 2018–2022 compared to 2013–2017, driven by ongoing emission reductions, but with ozone-favorable weather conditions. Historical ozone evolution in Japan and South Korea indicates that ozone increases should be suppressed with continuous emission *** temperature and associated wildfires have also reversed ozone decreases in the USA and Europe,with anthropogenic ozone control slowing down in recent decades.

关键词： air quality surface ozone trends

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Monthly Reduced Time-Period Scheduling of Thermal Generators and Energy Storage Considering Daily Minimum Chargeable Energy of Energy Storage

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Energy Engineering 2025年第4期122卷 1469-1489页

作者： Xingxu Zhu Shiye Wang Gangui Yan Junhui Li Hongda Dong Chenggang Li Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation Control and Green Power New Technology of the Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin132012China State Grid Jilin Electric Power Co. Ltd.Electric Power Science Research InstituteJilin130021China

To address the excessive complexity of monthly scheduling and the impact of uncertain net load on the chargeable energy of storage,a reduced time-period monthly scheduling model for thermal generators and energy storage,incorporating daily minimum chargeable energy constraints,was ***,considering the variations in the frequency of unit start-ups and shutdowns under different levels of net load fluctuation,a method was proposed to reduce decision time periods for unit start-up and shut-down *** approach,based on the characteristics of net load fluctuations,minimizes the decision variables of units,thereby simplifying the monthly ***,the relationship between energy storage charging and discharging power,net load,and the total maximum/minimum output of units was *** on this,daily minimum chargeable energy constraints were established to ensure the energy storage system meets charging requirements under extreme net load ***,taking into account the operational costs of thermal generators and energy storage,load loss costs,and operational constraints,the reduced time-period monthly schedulingmodel was *** studies demonstrate that the proposedmethod effectively generates economical monthly operation plans for thermal generators and energy storage,significantly reduces model solution time,and satisfies the charging requirements of energy storage under extreme net load conditions.

关键词： Monthly scheduling thermal generators energy storage daily minimum chargeable energy decision time-period reduction unit start-up and shut-down unit commitment renewable energy

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Double Layer Composite Electrode Strategy for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Reverse-Bias Stability

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第1期15卷 225-235页

作者： Chaofan Jiang Junjie Zhou Hang Li Liguo Tan Minghao Li Wolfgang Tress Liming Ding Michael Grätzel Chenyi Yi State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Institute of Computational Physics(ICP) ZHAW School of EngineeringWildbachstr.218400 WinterthurSwitzerland Center for Excellence in Nanoscience(CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become the represent-atives of next generation of photovoltaics;nevertheless,their stability is insufficient for large scale deployment,particularly the reverse bias ***,we propose a transparent conducting oxide(TCO)and low-cost metal composite electrode to improve the stability of PSCs without sacrificing the *** TCO can block ion migrations and chemical reactions between the metal and perovskite,while the metal greatly enhances the conductivity of the composite *** a result,composite electrode-PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.7%(certified 23.2%)and exhibited excellent stability,maintaining 95%of the initial PCE when applying a reverse bias of 4.0 V for 60 s and over 92%of the initial PCE after 1000 h continuous light *** composite electrode strategy can be extended to different combinations of TCOs and *** opens a new avenue for improving the stability of PSCs.

关键词： Composite electrode Perovskite solar cells Stability Reverse bias Characterization

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Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources:Part *** and mitigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 279-291页

作者： Xiaokun Wu Ying Zhang Yinghui Han Yagang Zhang Yuhang Zhang Xiaodan Cheng Pei Zhong Xue Yuan Yuanxun Zhang Zhengqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208United States Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases(GHGs)and agriculture is recognized as its primary *** accounting is a prerequisite for developing effective agriculture mitigation *** this review,methane accounting methods and research status for various agricultural emission source including rice fields,animal enteric fermentation and livestock and poultry manure management were overview,and the influencing factors of each emission source were analyzed and *** the same time,it analyzes the different research efforts involving agricultural methane accounting and makes recommendations based on the actual ***,mitigation strategies based on accounting results and actual situation are *** review aims to provide basic data and reference for agriculture-oriented countries and regions to actively participate in climate action and carry out effective methane emission mitigation.

关键词： Methane emission Agricultural sources Accounting methodology Mitigation Emission influencing factors

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Evolution of Subkilometer-scale Impact Craters on the Lunar Maria as Constrained from Mini-RF Data and Topographic Degradation Model

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第12期23卷 19-33页

作者：孙庆海法文哲祝梦华都骏 State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Physical properties(e.g.,ejecta size and distribution)of impact craters are crucial and essential to understanding the ejecta excavation and deposition process,estimating rock breakdown rate,and revealing their evolution ***,whether these physical properties are scale-dependent and how they evolve in different radial regions needs further *** this study,we first investigated the physical properties and evolution of subkilometer(D≤800 m)craters on lunar maria based on the radar circular polarization ratio(CPR).In addition,we estimated the periods over which rocks and blocky ejecta are exposed and buried in the shallow subsurface layer(termed as exposure time)in different radial regions and assessed the retention time and degradation states for potential radar anomalous *** found that in the central region of craters,the largest median CPR occurs after an 80 Myr delay following crater *** the rim region,there is no obvious CPR peak in the first100 Ma,whereas in the upper wall region,an evident CPR peak occurs beyond 100 Ma and could last over one billion *** addition,the probable exposure time of rocks and blocky ejecta is estimated to be~2.0 Gyr(central region),~2.7 Gyr(upper wall region),~2.1 Gyr(rim region),and~0.6 Gyr(continuous ejecta blanket region).We also propose that the retention time of radar anomalous craters depends on the crater size,whereas their degraded states are independent of crater size.

关键词： Moon-planets and satellites surfaces-planets and satellites physical evolution

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Passive Suspension Design and Dynamics Analysis of Manned Lunar Rover

Passive Suspension Design and Dynamics Analysis of Manned Lu...

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Mechatronics and robotics Engineering (ICMRE), International Conference on

作者： Junyang Zhang Zhen Liu Zhonghao Qin State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Special Robot Equipment Group Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute Harbin China

ISBN: (数字)9798350394276

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394283

The lunar surface environment differs significantly from that of Earth, thus necessitating the specialized design of suspension systems for lunar rovers. Within this study, a double wishbone independent suspension system is specifically designed for a manned lunar rover, with its dynamics attributes investigated through theoretical analyses and simulations. Firstly, the structural parameters of the double wishbone suspension are designed. Secondly, the theoretical dynamics model of the suspension is established, the dynamics equations are deduced, and an exploration into the impact of diverse system parameters on the suspension’s dynamics performance is conducted. Finally, the suspension underwent multi-body dynamics analysis using ADAMS to verify compliance with specified requirements for obstacle-crossing performance.

关键词： Space vehicles Suspensions (mechanical systems) Analytical models Mechatronics Moon Mathematical models Shock absorbers

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Tiny-YOLOv7: Tiny Object Detection Model for Drone Imagery 12th

Tiny-YOLOv7: Tiny Object Detection Model for Drone Imagery

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12th International Conference on Image and Graphics, ICIG 2023

作者： Cheng, Pengchao Tang, Xu Liang, Wenqi Li, Yu Cong, Wei Zang, Chuanzhi School of Artificial Intelligence Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang10142 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031463105

With the rapid development of drones, tiny object detection in drone-captured scenarios has become a challenge task. However, the altitude of the drone changes while flying lead to the scale of the object changes dramatically. In addition, drones flying quickly cause motion blur on the densely tiny objects. In order to address the two issues mention above, we propose Tiny-YOLOv7. In order to detect multi-scale objects, we replace the original prediction heads with transformer prediction heads. For the motion blur issue, we propose DBS module to extract more visual elements and maintain computational cost of model. The DBS module consists of Dynamic Region-Aware Convolution (DRConv), Batch Normalization and Silu modules. On scenarios with dense objects, we additionally incorporate the Convolutional Block Attention Model (CBAM) to find the attention region of dense objects. Tiny-YOLOv7 is an effective and elegant method for handing tiny object detection. We validate our model through extensive experiments on VisDrone2021 and DOTA-v1.0 datasets. The results show that our method obtains remarkable improvements over the other models. In VisDrone2021 dataset, the mAP result of our method is 39.22 %, which is higher than SOTA method by 1.07 %. Furthermore, experiments on dataset DOTA-v1.0 demonstrate generalization of the propose model. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Object detection

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Stacking monolayers at will:A scalable device optimization strategy for two-dimensional semiconductors

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 6620-6627页

作者： Xiaojiao Guo Honglei Chen Jihong Bian Fuyou Liao Jingyi Ma Simeng Zhang Xinzhi Zhang Junqiang Zhu Chen Luo Zijian Zhang Lingyi Zong Yin Xia Chuming Sheng Zihan Xu Saifei Gou Xinyu Wang Peng Gong Liwei Liu Xixi Jiang Zhenghua An Chunxiao Cong Zhijun Qiu Xing Wu Peng Zhou Xinyu Chen Ling Tong Wenzhong Bao State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Department of Physics State Key Laboratory of Surface PhysicsInstitute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing and Key Laboratory of MicroFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of Information Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing Department of Electronic Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shenzhen Six Carbon Technology Shenzhen 518055China Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

In comparison to monolayer(1L),multilayer(ML)two-dimensional(2D)semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)exhibit more application potential for electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their improved current carrying capability,higher mobility,and broader spectral ***,the investigation of devices based on wafer-scale ML-TMDs is still restricted by the synthesis of uniform and high-quality ML *** this work,we propose a strategy of stacking MoS_(2) monolayers via a vacuum transfer method,by which one could obtain wafer-scale high-quality MoS_(2) films with the desired number of layers at *** optical characteristics of these stacked ML-MoS_(2) films(>2L)indicate a weak interlayer *** stacked MLMoS_(2) phototransistors show improved optoelectrical performances and a broader spectral response(approximately 300-1,000 nm)than that of 1L-MoS_(2).Additionally,the dual-gate ML-MoS_(2) transistors enable enhanced electrostatic control over the stacked ML-MoS_(2) channel,and the 3L and 4L thicknesses exhibit the optimal device performances according to the turning point of the current on/off ratio and the subthreshold swing.

关键词： two-dimensional semiconductor field-effect transistors chemical vapor deposition(CVD)synthesis interlayer coupling vacuum transfer method dual-gate transistor

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A Regional Coupling Enhanced Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer system With Low-Fluctuation Regulation Strategy

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年

作者： Li, Musong Zhang, Xian Chen, Zhixin Dai, Zhongyu Zhao, Liyuan Hebei University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Power Distribution Equipment and System Tianjin300401 China

Omnidirectional wireless power transfer (OWPT) systems can significantly enhance the charging freedom of the receiver (RC). Nevertheless, variations of RC position bring upon non-negligible output fluctuations, affecting the system stability and efficiency. Existing researches focus on the optimization of magnetic coupling structure (MCS) while being constrained by high control complexity. In this letter, a regional coupling enhanced OWPT system with low-fluctuation regulation strategy is proposed for consumer electronics products (CEP). Firstly, a MCS with self-decoupling multi-transmitter coils (TCs) of the OWPT system is discussed in detail. Secondly, a regulation strategy with high output stability and system efficiency under different working conditions is proposed, which requires only the adjustment of the input phase shift angle on the corresponding TC. Finally, a 100 V/100 kHz experimental prototype is built to validate the regulation strategy of the OWPT system. Experimental results show that the output voltage can be stabilized between 6.31V and 6.67V within a 90° rotational range, with a maximum fluctuation rate of 4.78% and the system efficiency is all over 76%. Meanwhile, in the planar region, the output voltage remains stable between 28.6V and 29.7V, with a maximum fluctuation rate of 3.79% and an average system efficiency of 86.9%. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Inductive power transmission

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Differential Protection for Distribution Grids Based on Dual Compressed Sensing Theory

Differential Protection for Distribution Grids Based on Dual...

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2024 International Conference Optoelectronic Information and Optical Engineering, OIOE 2024

作者： Duan, Yahui Wu, Tonghua Chen, Wei Dai, Wei Cao, Yuhan Cao, Wenjun School of China EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The State Key Laboratory of Technology and Equipment for Defense against Power System Operational Risks Nari Technology Co. Ltd. Jiangsu211106 China The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China State Grid Hebei Electronic Power Research Institute Hebei250002 China State Grid Shandong Electronic Power Research Institute Shandong050011 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510688209

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688193

With the increasing integration of distributed renewable energy sources into distribution networks, the characteristics of fault currents in distribution networks have undergone significant changes. Traditional three-stage current protection is no longer sufficient to meet the protection requirements. In theory, a differential protection scheme can better fulfill the requirements of rapid and accurate fault detection and clearance in distribution networks. Differential protection relies on real-time communication for information exchange between devices, and many researchers have incorporated wireless networks such as 5G into distribution network differential protection. Given the exponential growth of data in distribution networks and the security considerations of wireless communication like 5G, this paper proposes a secure protection technique for distribution network differential protection based on dual compressed sensing theory. This technique employs two compressed sensing schemes to compress the data before transmission, reducing the amount of data transferred while enhancing security. Subsequently, secure determinations are made based on the data at both ends processed through the compressed sensing algorithm, ensuring the security of communication in distribution network differential protection while achieving the same level of protection performance as traditional differential protection schemes. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Compressed sensing Data transmission Matrices Data communications Wireless communications Network security Reconstruction algorithms Computer security Signal processing Signal to noise ratio

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