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Predicting Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Plateau Swamp Wetlands Using Multisource Remote Sensing and Spectral Measurements: A Case Study of the Dianchi Basin

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IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2025年 63卷

作者： Cai, Fangliang Tang, Bo-Hui Ji, Xinran Chen, Junyi Fu, Zhitao Ge, Zhongxi Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming650093 China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Kunming650093 China Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Integrated Sky-Ground Intelligent Monitoring of Mountain Hazards Kunming650093 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Beijing100101 China

Soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in swamp wetlands is a critical indicator for assessing global carbon stocks. In plateau wetlands, challenges such as dense vegetation cover and fragmented land distribution complicate SOCD research. The availability of high-resolution optical and radar satellite data introduces new possibilities for precise carbon stock predictions. This study proposes a framework that combines multisource remote sensing data with the sparrow search algorithm random forest (SSA-RF) algorithm to predict SOCD in plateau swamp wetlands. It also compares the effectiveness of laboratory spectroscopy and multisource remote sensing in monitoring SOCD. We integrated 24 features from Sentinel-1 (S1), Sentinel-2 (S2), topographic, and climatic data, along with spectral data ranging from 550 to 1400 nm, to construct the SSA-RF model and map the SOCD distribution of swamp wetlands in Dianchi Basin. Additionally, we estimated the total soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in these wetlands. The results indicate that the multisource remote sensing SSA-RF model (S1+ S2+ topographic + climatic SSA-RF) achieved an R2 of 0.76, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.14, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.65, and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 1.98. Compared to the spectral model, this model improved the R2 by 0.24 and the RPD by 0.5. Relative to the S1+ S2 SSA-RF model, the R2 is increased by 0.15, and the RMSE is decreased by 0.46. The total SOC stock of the swamp wetlands in the Dianchi Basin was estimated to be 1.32 × 105t. This study provides a new framework for predicting carbon stocks in plateau wetlands, offering a reference for global wetland carbon sink assessments. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Wetlands Soil Carbon Remote sensing Soil measurements Monitoring Predictive models Prediction algorithms Accuracy Vegetation mapping

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Attribution of regional Hadley circulation intensity changes in the Northern Hemisphere

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Atmospheric and Oceanic science Letters 2025年

作者： Zheng, Yi Sun, Bo Li, Wanling Zhou, Siyu Cai, Jiarui Li, Huixin He, Shengping State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Zhuhai China Geophysical Institute University of Bergen Bergen Norway

The discrepancy in the trends of the global zonal mean (GZM) intensity of the Hadley circulation (HCI) between reanalysis data and model simulations has been a problem for understanding the changes in HCI and the influence of external forcings. To understand the reason for this discrepancy, this study investigates the trends of intensity of regional HCI of the Northern Hemisphere over the eastern Pacific (EPA), western Pacific (WPA), Atlantic (ATL), Africa (AFR), the Indian Ocean (IDO), and residual area (RA), based on six reanalysis datasets and 13 CMIP6 models. In reanalysis data, the trends in regional HCI over EPA and ATL (WPA and AFR) contribute to (partially offset) the increasing trend in GZM HCI, while the trends in regional HCI over IDO are different in different reanalysis data. The CMIP6 models skillfully reproduce the trends in regional HCI over EPA, ATL, WPA, and AFR, but simulate notable decreasing trends in regional HCI over IDO, which is a key reason for the opposite trends in GZM HCI between reanalysis data and models. The discrepancy in IDO can be attributed to differences in the simulation of diabatic heating and zonal friction between reanalysis data and models. Optimal fingerprint analysis indicates that anthropogenic (ANT) and non-greenhouse gas (NOGHG) forcings are the dominant drivers of the HCI trends in the EPA and ATL regions. In the WPA (AFR) region, NOGHG (ANT) forcing serves as the primary driver. The findings contribute to improving the representation of regional HCI trends in models and improving the attribution of external forcings. 摘要基于6套再分析资料和13个CMIP6模式, 研究发现模式能够较好地再现北半球东太平洋, 西太平洋, 大西洋和非洲的哈德来环流强度变化趋势. 但在印度洋区域, 再分析数据与模式模拟的趋势存在较大差异. 这一差异主要归因于模式与再分析数据在非绝热加热和纬向摩擦力模拟上的不同表现. 最优指纹法分析表明, 人为强迫和非温室气体强迫是北半球局地哈德来环流强度变化的主要驱动因素. 本研究揭示了人类活动对北半球不同区域哈德来环流变化的重要影响, 并阐明了再分析资料与CMIP6模式中北半球哈德来环流变化差异的原因. © 2025

关键词： Attribution External forcing Hadley circulation intensity Kuo–Eliassen equation Optimal fingerprint method

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Lightweight GPU-Accelerated Parallel Processing of the SCHISM Model Using CUDA Fortran

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Journal of Marine science and Engineering 2025年第4期13卷 662-662页

作者： Zhang, Hongchun Cao, Qian Wu, Changmao Xu, Guangjun Liu, Yuli Feng, Xingru Jin, Meibing Dong, Changming State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management Nanjing210044 China International Geophysical Fluid Research Center Nanjing210044 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao266071 China Zhuhai519000 China

The SCHISM model is widely used for ocean numerical simulations, but its computational efficiency is constrained by the substantial resources it requires. To enhance its performance, this study develops GPU–SCHISM, a GPU-accelerated parallel version of SCHISM using the CUDA Fortran framework, and this study evaluates its acceleration performance on a single GPU-enabled node. The research results demonstrate that the GPU–SCHISM model achieves computational acceleration while maintaining high simulation accuracy. For small-scale classical experiments, a single GPU improves the efficiency of the Jacobi solver—identified as a performance hotspot—by 3.06 times and accelerates the overall model by 1.18 times. However, increasing the number of GPUs reduces the computational workload per GPU, which hinders further acceleration improvements. The GPU is particularly effective for performing higher-resolution calculations, leveraging its computational power. For large-scale experiments with 2,560,000 grid points, the GPU speedup ratio is 35.13;however, CPU has more advantages in small-scale calculations. Moreover, a comparison between CUDA and OpenACC-based GPU acceleration shows that CUDA outperforms OpenACC under all experimental conditions. This study marks the first successful GPU acceleration of the SCHISM model within the CUDA Fortran framework, laying a preliminary foundation for lightweight GPU-accelerated parallel processing in ocean numerical simulations. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Acceleration

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Typhoon Kompasu (2118) simulation with planetary boundary layer and cloud physics parameterization improvements

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Atmospheric and Oceanic science Letters 2025年

作者： Tan, Xiaowei Gao, Zhiqiu Li, Yubin CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing China Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction CMA Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Beijing China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China

This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model. The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined. Additionally, the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction are analyzed. Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu's track and intensity. The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration, while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h. Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC's warm-core structure. 摘要本研究将一种新的海洋表面摩擦速度方案和一种改进的Thompson云微物理参数化方案引入CMA-TYM台风模式. 研究了这两种参数化方案对2021年台风“圆规” (Kompasu) 移动路径和强度预报的影响. 此外, 还分析了它们对台风强度预报影响的可能原因. 统计结果表明, 这两种参数化方案都能提升对台风Kompasu路径和强度的预报能力. 在模式积分60小时后, 对路径预报的影响变得明显, 而在66小时后, 观察到对强度预报有显著的正影响. 进一步的分析表明, 这两种参数化方案能通过影响台风暖心结构的演变来影响台风强度极值出现的时间和幅度. © 2025

关键词： Cloud physics scheme Numerical simulation Planetary boundary layer parameterization scheme Tropical cyclone

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A novel quantum multiparty summation protocol based on a cooperative random number mechanism

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EPJ Quantum technology 2025年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Zhang, Kejia Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xue Liu, Hongyan Song, Tingting Du, Gang School of Computer Science and Big Data (School of Cybersecurity) Heilongjiang University Harbin China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guiyang China School of Mathematical Science Heilongjiang University Harbin China Institute for Cryptology and Network Security Heilongjiang University Harbin China School of China Construction Bank University Northeastern Institute Harbin China College of Information Science and Technology Jinan University Guangzhou China

As a particular area of quantum security multiparty computation, quantum secure multiparty summation plays a critical role in modern cryptography. It is widely known that most of the existing quantum summation protocols are based on an honest or semi-honest third party (TP). However, the introduced TP makes the protocol difficult to implement in practice, as it may face a single-point-of-failure attack on TP. Although some TP-free protocols are proposed to mitigate this risk, the increased cost of communication reduces its efficiency. To address these issues, a novel quantum-secure multiparty summation protocol based on a cooperative random number distribution mechanism (QMS-CRM) is proposed in this paper for the first time. During it, this mechanism is designed using Shamir’s secret sharing scheme. Furthermore, this approach eliminates the requirement for random number exchange between participants without the help of TP, enhancing the efficiency of the protocol. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol can resist both external attacks and collusion attacks by up to $n - 2$ participants. Finally, we simulated the protocol on the IBM Quantum Cloud platform, confirming its feasibility.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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A Privacy Protection Scheme for Consumer Electronics Data Based on Blockchain and AI

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Wang, Luping Yan, Chen Wu, Hongjie Zhu, Fa Kumari, Saru Alenazi, Mohammed J.F State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China Nanjing Forestry University College of Information Science College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing210037 China Chaudhary Charan Singh University Department of Mathematics Uttar Pradesh Meerut250001 India Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia

As information technology advances, a significant amount of data related to consumer electronics has emerged, the consumer data is commonly stored on cloud servers, resulting in frequent data leaks and privacy breaches. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel privacy protection scheme that combines encryption and blockchain technologies. This approach integrates Searchable Encryption, Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to facilitate efficient access control and policy enforcement. By employing a decentralized network structure, our scheme minimizes reliance on a central authority, thereby enhancing system security and reliability. User information is independently stored in both blockchain and cloud systems, with digital signatures ensuring data accuracy. To further bolster user privacy, we implement attribute-based encryption for access management and utilize AI for real-time monitoring of potential security threats and suspicious access patterns. Our scheme also features an attribute revocation mechanism to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. Additionally, customized smart contracts promote equitable interactions between users and cloud service providers. Lastly, the theoretical analyses and experimental results validate that our solution is both secure and efficient in safeguarding consumer data, highlighting its significant innovative contributions to data privacy protection. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Sensitive data

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Splicer+: Secure Hub Placement and Deadlock-Free Routing for Payment Channel Network Scalability

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Lingxiao Dong, Xuewen Wang, Wei Gao, Sheng Qu, Qiang Tian, Wensheng Shen, Yulong The School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Xi’an710071 China The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network and System Security Xi’an710071 China The Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The School of Information Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing100081 China The Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China The Huawei Blockchain Lab Huawei Cloud Tech Co. Ltd. Shenzhen518055 China The Nanhu Lab Jiaxing314001 China The Cryptology and Computer Security Laboratory Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Payment channel hub (PCH) is a promising approach for payment channel networks (PCNs) to improve efficiency by deploying robust hubs to steadily process off-chain transactions. However, existing PCHs, often preplaced without considering payment request distribution across PCNs, can lead to load imbalance. PCNs' reliance on source routing, which makes decisions based solely on individual sender requests, can degrade performance by overlooking other requests, thus further impairing scalability. In this paper, we introduce Splicer+, a highly scalable multi-PCH solution based on the trusted execution environment (TEE). We study tradeoffs in communication overhead between participants, transform the original NP-hard PCH placement problem by mixed-integer linear programming, and propose optimal/approximate solutions with load balancing for different PCN scales using supermodular techniques. Considering global PCN states and local directly connected sender requests, we design a deadlock-free routing protocol for PCHs. It dynamically adjusts the payment processing rate across multiple channels and, combined with TEE, ensures high-performance routing with confidential computation. We provide a formal security proof for the Splicer+ protocol in the UC-framework. Extensive evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of Splicer+, with transaction success ratio (↑51.1%), throughput (↑181.5%), and latency outperforming state-of-the-art PCNs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scalability

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Unraveling Plasma Characteristics and Breakdown Mechanism in Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

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IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2025年

作者： Li, Mengbo Chen, She Cui, Yingzhe Wang, Qiao Liu, LinLin Zhou, Xuan Zhuang, Chijie Wang, Feng Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha410082 China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute Beijing100120 China School of Electric Power South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid Changsha University of Science & Technology Changsha410114 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) have gained significant attention for its promising applications in various fields. More systematic investigations are necessary to better understand the fundamental processes of pulsed DBD. In this study, the characteristics and the initial breakdown mechanism of atmospheric nanosecond-pulsed DBD are investigated. The Electric Field-Induced Second Harmonic (E-FISH) technique is employed to investigate the electric field within the discharge gap. Additionally, the effects of pulse amplitude and pulse repetition rate on discharge characteristics, particularly the electric field, are analyzed. The results indicate that an increase in pulse amplitude leads to higher breakdown currents and a more pronounced reverse electric field peak, whereas the pulse repetition rate has a minimal effect on discharge behavior. A two-dimensional fluid model is developed to simulate discharge dynamics and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of particles. Based on both experimental and simulation results, the discharge process is characterized by three distinct stages: Stage I (discharge breakdown), Stage II (surface charge accumulation), and Stage III (surface charge neutralization). The breakdown mechanism is further elucidated by examining the role of residual charges near the dielectric layer, which enhance the local electric field and facilitate the generation of secondary electrons, leading to ionization and subsequent discharge establishment. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Dielectric barrier discharge

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Necessity of incorporating realistic land surface parameters for trend analyses of potential evapotranspiration and drought

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Journal of Hydrology 2025年 655卷

作者： Sun, Shanlei Zhang, Yifang Mu, Mengyuan Bi, Zaoying Liu, Yi Li, Jinjian Zhou, Yang Li, Xiaoyuan Chen, Haishan State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Zhangzhou Meteorological Bureau Zhangzhou China ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and Climate Change Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Atmospheric Sciences/Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a necessary input for various offline drought indices and, therefore, crucial for accurately evaluating drought conditions. Since representing land surface characteristics is needed for estimating PET, studying the impacts of land surface parameters on PET and offline drought indices is significant. Therefore, this study used the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ report 56 (FAO-56) Penman-Monteith equation with the default and realistic land surface parameters to conduct two simulations worldwide from 1983 to 2020, based on the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and various inputs (e.g., land use/cover, canopy height, and meteorological dataset). Then, the effects of land surface parameters on changes in PET and drought conditions were quantified by comparing these two simulations. Results suggested that in comparison to the default parameters, the realistic parameters-based results showed a more substantial and significant increase in annual PET, decrease in annual 3-month SPEI (SPEI3;i.e., drying), increase in drought duration (DD) and drought area (DA), and intensification of drought intensity (DI) globally. Despite the spatial similarity of the changes in annual PET and drought conditions, there were evident regional variations between the two simulations. The default parameters-based simulation showed weaker, stronger, and opposite trends in annual PET over 74.1 %, 16.7 %, and 9.2 % of the world, respectively, compared to the realistic parametrizations-based simulation. The default parameters could lead to weaker (more robust) drying and wetting over 50.9 % (36 %) of the world and opposite trends of annual SPEI3 over 13 % of the world. Moreover, the default parameters-based DD (DI) trends showed more than 46 %, 36 %, and 14 % of the world, respectively, with weaker, stronger, and opposite signs. Overall, our analyses highlight the importance of realistically representing the la

关键词： Drought Drought index Land surface parameters Potential evapotranspiration Trend analysis

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Enabling stateful TCP Performance Profiling with key Event Capturing

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年

作者： Geng, Ruopeng Lu, Jianyuan Fang, Chongrong Zhang, Shaokai Zhao, Jiangu Zong, Zhigang Lyu, Biao Zhu, Shunmin Cheng, Peng Chen, Jiming Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Hangzhou310027 China Alibaba Group Hangzhou310052 China Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Department of Automation Shanghai China Zhejiang University College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China

TCP ensures reliable transmission through its stateful implementation and remains crucial today. TCP performance profiling is essential for tasks like diagnosing network performance problems, optimizing transmission performance, and developing new TCP variants, etc. Existing profiling methods lack enough attention to TCP state transition to provide detailed insights on TCP performance. Thus, we build TcpSight, a tool focusing on TCP state transition throughout connection lifetimes. TcpSight conducts stateful analysis by capturing key events using an efficient per-connection lock-free data management mechanism. Besides, TcpSight enhances profiling by integrating application layer information collected from the TCP stack. With the profiling results, users can identify the culprit of TCP performance degradation, and evaluate the performance of TCP algorithms. We design optional modules and filtering mechanisms to reduce TcpSights overhead. Our evaluation presents that TcpSight incurs an additional CPU consumption of about 16.6% (without filtering) and 10.6% (with filtering) when the server's load is 55.7%, and generates storage consumption about 1.88 KB per connection on average. We also give application cases of TcpSight and the deployment experiences in Alibaba Cloud. TcpSight helps in revealing meaningful findings and insights into exploiting TCP in the production deployment. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： information management

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