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Cobalt‐Embedded Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Nanotubes Efficiently Catalyze Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Values†

Angewandte Chemie 2014年第17期126卷

作者： Xiaoxin Zou Xiaoxi Huang Anandarup Goswami Rafael Silva Bhaskar R. Sathe Eliška Mikmeková Tewodros Asefa Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 610 Taylor Road Piscataway NJ 08854 (USA) Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 98 Brett Road Piscataway NJ 08854 (USA) State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 (China) Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR v.v.i. Kralovopolska 147 Brno 612 64 (Czech Republic)

Despite being technically possible, splitting water to generate hydrogen is still practically unfeasible due mainly to the lack of sustainable and efficient catalysts for the half reactions involved. Herein we report the synthesis of cobalt‐embedded nitrogen‐rich carbon nanotubes (NRCNTs) that 1) can efficiently electrocatalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with activities close to that of Pt and 2) function well under acidic, neutral or basic media alike, allowing them to be coupled with the best available oxygen‐evolving catalysts—which also play crucial roles in the overall water‐splitting reaction. The materials are synthesized by a simple, easily scalable synthetic route involving thermal treatment of Co 2+ ‐embedded graphitic carbon nitride derived from inexpensive starting materials (dicyandiamide and CoCl 2 ). The materials’ efficient catalytic activity is mainly attributed to their nitrogen dopants and concomitant structural defects.

关键词： Cobalt‐Nanopartikel Elektrokatalyse Kohlenstoffnanoröhren Wasserspaltung Wasserstoffentwicklung

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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics 69029 Heidelberg103980 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming650091 China Ministry of Education Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao266237 China APC Université Paris Cité CNRS IN2P3 CEA/IRFU Observatoire de Paris Paris119 75205 France Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua Universit

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 TeV to 200 TeV. The LHAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼ 400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼ 200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Reduction-Tolerance Electrolyte Design for High-Energy Lithium Batteries

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第19期136卷

作者： Chuangchao Sun Ruhong Li Suting Weng Chunnan Zhu Long Chen Sen Jiang Long Li Xuezhang Xiao Chengwu Liu Lixin Chen Tao Deng Xuefeng Wang Xiulin Fan State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China These authors contributed equally: Chuangchao Sun Ruhong Li Suting Weng. ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Polytechnic Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310013 China China-UK Low Carbon College Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 201306 China

Lithium batteries employing Li or silicon (Si) anodes hold promise for the next-generation energy storage systems. However, their cycling behavior encounters rapid capacity degradation due to the vulnerability of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). Though anion-derived SEIs mitigate this degradation, the unavoidable reduction of solvents introduces heterogeneity to SEIs, leading to fractures during cycling. Here, we elucidate how the reductive stability of solvents, dominated by the electrophilicity (EPT) and coordination ability (CDA), delineates the SEI formed on Li or Si anodes. Solvents exhibiting lower EPT and CDA demonstrate enhanced tolerance to reduction, resulting in inorganic-rich SEIs with homogeneity. Guided by these criteria, we synthesized three promising solvents tailored for Li or Si anodes. The decomposition of these solvents is dictated by their EPTs under similar solvation structures, imparting distinct characteristics to SEIs and impacting battery performance. The optimized electrolyte, 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in N-Pyrrolidine-trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFSPY), achieves 600 cycles of Si anodes with a capacity retention of 81 % (1910 mAh g −1 ). In anode-free Cu||LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523) pouch cells, this electrolyte sustains over 100 cycles with an 82 % capacity retention. These findings illustrate that reducing solvent decomposition benefits SEI formation, offering valuable insights for the designing electrolytes in high-energy lithium batteries.

关键词： Reduction-Tolerance Electrolyte Design Solid Electrolyte Interphases Homogeneity High-Energy Lithium Batteries

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Preparing a commercial quantum key distribution system for certification against implementation loopholes

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Makarov, Vadim Abrikosov, Alexey Chaiwongkhot, Poompong Fedorov, Aleksey K. Huang, Anqi Kiktenko, Evgeny Petrov, Mikhail Ponosova, Anastasiya Ruzhitskaya, Daria Tayduganov, Andrey Trefilov, Daniil Zaitsev, Konstantin Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow121205 Russia Vigo Quantum Communication Center University of Vigo VigoE-36310 Spain NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok10400 Thailand Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Bangkok10110 Thailand QRate Skolkovo Moscow143026 Russia Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Steklov Mathematical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow119991 Russia atlanTTic Research Center University of Vigo VigoE-36310 Spain School of Telecommunication Engineering Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo VigoE-36310 Spain National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow101000 Russia

A commercial quantum key distribution (QKD) system needs to be formally certified to enable its wide deployment. The certification should include the system’s robustness against known implementation loopholes and attacks that exploit them. Here we ready a fiber-optic QKD system for this procedure. The system has a prepare-and-measure scheme with decoy-state BB84 protocol, polarisation encoding, qubit source rate of 312.5 MHz, and is manufactured by QRate. We detail its hardware and post-processing. We analyse the hardware for known implementation loopholes, search for possible new loopholes, and discuss countermeasures. We then amend the system design to address the highest-risk loopholes identified. We also work out technical requirements on the certification lab and outline its possible structure. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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High-Entropy Sulfide Catalyst Boosts Energy-Saving Electrochemical Sulfion Upgrading to Thiosulfate Coupled with Hydrogen Production

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第48期136卷

作者： Yuhou Pei Di Li Chuntian Qiu Liang Yan Zongmiao Li Zexin Yu Wenzhang Fang Yingying Lu Bing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China. ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P.R. China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P.R. China CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites (IMTCCC) University of Stuttgart Allmandring 7b 70569 Stuttgart Germany

Electrochemical sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) offers a sustainable strategy for sulfion-rich wastewater treatment, which can couple with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for energy-saving hydrogen production. However, the corrosion and passivation of sulfur species render the inferior catalytic SOR performance, and the oxidation product, polysulfide, requires further acidification to recover cheap elementary sulfur. Here, we reported an amorphous high-entropy sulfide catalyst of CuCoNiMnCrS x nanosheets in situ growth on the nickel foam (CuCoNiMnCrS x /NF) for SOR, which achieved an ultra-low potential of 0.25 V to afford 100 mA cm −2 , and stable electrolysis at as high as 1 A cm −2 for 100 h. These were endowed by the manipulated chemical environments surrounding Cu + sites and the constructed “soft-acid” to “hard-acid” adsorption/desorption sites, enabling synergistically boosted adsorption/desorption process of sulfur species during SOR. Moreover, we developed an electrochemical-chemical tandem process to convert sulfions to value-added thiosulfate, providing a good choice for simultaneous wastewater utilization and hydrogen production.

关键词： sulfion electrooxidation reaction high-entropy catalysts sodium thiosulfate hybrid water splitting industrial-level current density

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An Ultrastable 155-Nuclei Silver Nanocluster Protected by Thiacalixarene and Cyclohexanethiol for Photothermal Conversion

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第31期134卷

作者： Zhi Wang Prof. Fahri Alkan Prof. Christine M. Aikens Prof. Mohamedally Kurmoo Dr. Zhen-Yi Zhang Ke-Peng Song Chen-Ho Tung Prof. Di Sun School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China Department of Nanotechnology Engineering Abdullah Gül University Kayseri Turkey Department of Chemistry Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg CNRS-UMR 7177 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg Cedex France Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co. Ltd. P. R. China

Thiacalix[4]arenes have emerged as a family of macrocyclic ligands to protect metal nanoparticles, but it remains a great challenge to solve the mystery of their structures at the atomic level, especially for those larger than 2 nm. Here, we report the largest known mixed-valence silver nanocluster [Ag 155 (CyS) 40 (TC4A) 5 Cl 2 ] ( Ag155 ) protected by deprotonated cyclohexanethiol (CySH) and macrocyclic ligand p - tert -butylthiacalix[4]arene (H 4 TC4A). Its single-crystal structure consists of a metallic core of four concentric shells, Ag 13 @Ag 42 @Ag 30 @Ag 70 , lined with a organic skin of 40CyS − and 5TC4A 4− and 2Cl − . Ag155 manifests an unusual pseudo-5-fold symmetry dictated by the intrinsic metal atom packing and the regioselective distribution of mixed protective ligands. This work not only reveals a macrocyclic ligand effect on the formation of a large silver nanocluster, but also provides a new structural archetype for comprehensively perceiving their interface and metal kernel structures.

关键词： C5h Symmetry ESI-MS Photothermal Conversion Silver Nanocluster Thiacalixarenes

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Cyclic Ethers-Based Solid Electrolyte Derived from In Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization Strategy

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年

作者： Wubin Du Yong Wu Hao Cheng Ran Bu Kang Shen Yuanzhong Tan Zhijun Wu Hongge Pan Yifan Wang Yingying Lu Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi’an Technological University Xi’an 710021 ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China Innovation Research Institute of Technology Center Zhejiang Xinan Chemical Industrial Group Co. ltd 311600 Hangzhou Zhejiang China

Although solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are expected to solve the safety hazards and limited energy density in the energy storage systems, they still encounter an inferior electrode/electrolyte interface when prepared via an ex situ manner. Recently, in situ polymerization of SPEs favors high interfacial infiltrability, improved interface contact, and reduced interface resistance, owing to the formation of a "super-conformal" interface between electrode and electrolyte. Especially, in situ strategies employing ring-opening polymerization (ROP) are emerging as a dazzling star, further enabling moderate polymerization conditions, controllable molecular structure, and reduced interfacial side reaction. As the main monomers which can be in situ polymerized via ROP strategy, cyclic ethers have been used to construct the CE-SPEs with many merits including good battery electrochemical performances and simple assembly process. Here, as a systematic summarization to the existing reports, this review focuses the polymerization mechanism of ROP, the design principles of CE-SPEs electrolytes, and recent application of in situ CE-SPEs. In particular, this review thoroughly discusses the selection of different cyclic monomers, initiators and various modification approaches in in situ fabricating CE-SPEs. Ending with offering the future challenges and perspectives, this review envisions shedding light on the profound understanding and scientific guidance for further development of high-performance in situ CE-SPEs.

关键词： cyclic ethers solid-state polymer electrolytes ring-opening polymerization in situ polymerization

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Perovskite Solar Cells: Unique Seamlessly Bonded CNT@Graphene Hybrid Nanostructure Introduced in an Interlayer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 32/2018)

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Advanced Functional Materials 2018年第32期28卷

作者： Xuanhua Li Tengteng Tong Qinjiang Wu Shaohui Guo Qiang Song Jian Han Zhixiang Huang State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University In Shenzhen Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene (NPU) Xi'an 710072 China Northwestern Polytechnical University‐Queen Mary University of London (NPU‐QMUL) Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structures (JRI‐AMAS) Xi'an 710072 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Anhui University No. 3 Feixi Road Hefei Anhui Province 230039 P. R. China

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Predictable implications of random photon absorption for photoreceptors' gain control

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BMC Neuroscience 2015年第1期16卷 1-1页

作者： Zhuoyi Song Yu Zhou Mikko Juusola Centre for Mathematics Physics and Engineering in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX) University College London London WC1E 6BT UK Department of Biomedical Science University of Sheffield S10 2TN UK School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Central Lancashire PR1 2HE UK State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

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Strong and stable geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo maternal and paternal lineages indicates domestication in the China/Indochina border region

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Molecular Ecology 2016年第7期25卷 1530-1550页

作者： Zhang, Yi Lu, Yongfang Yindee, Marnoch Li, Kuan-Yi Kuo, Hsiao-Yun Ju, Yu-Ten Ye, Shaohui Faruque, Md Omar Li, Qiang Wang, Yachun Cuong, Vu Chi Pham, Lan Doan Bouahom, Bounthong Yang, Bingzhuang Liang, Xianwei Cai, Zhihua Vankan, Dianne Manatchaiworakul, Wallaya Kowlim, Nonglid Duangchantrasiri, Somphot Wajjwalku, Worawidh Colenbrander, Ben Zhang, Yuan Beerli, Peter Lenstra, Johannes A. Barker, J. Stuart F. National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of MOA College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Department of Clinical Science and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand Department of Animal Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei 10673 Taiwan Livestock Research Institute Council of Agriculture Tainan 71246 Taiwan College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology National Institute of Animal Sciences Tu Liem Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute P.O. Box 811 Vientiane Capital Laos Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Nanning 530001 China College of Animal Science Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Campus Gatton 4343 Qld Australia Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Kamphaengsaen Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand Khao-Nang-Ram Wildlife Research Station Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation Bangkok 10900 Thailand Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Yalelaan 104 Utrecht 3584 CM Netherlands Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee 32306-4120 FL United States School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale 2351 NSW Australia

The swamp type of the Asian water buffalo is assumed to have been domesticated by about 4000 years BP, following the introduction of rice cultivation. Previous localizations of the domestication site were based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation within China, accounting only for the maternal lineage. We carried out a comprehensive sampling of China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh and sequenced the mtDNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and the Y-chromosomal ZFY, SRY and DBY sequences. Swamp buffalo has a higher diversity of both maternal and paternal lineages than river buffalo, with also a remarkable contrast between a weak phylogeographic structure of river buffalo and a strong geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo. The highest diversity of the swamp buffalo maternal lineages was found in south China and north Indochina on both banks of the Mekong River, while the highest diversity in paternal lineages was in the China/Indochina border region. We propose that domestication in this region was later followed by introgressive capture of wild cows west of the Mekong. Migration to the north followed the Yangtze valley as well as a more eastern route, but also involved translocations of both cows and bulls over large distances with a minor influence of river buffaloes in recent decades. Bayesian analyses of various migration models also supported domestication in the China/Indochina border region. Coalescence analysis yielded consistent estimates for the expansion of the major swamp buffalo haplogroups with a credibility interval of 900 to 3900 years BP. The spatial differentiation of mtDNA and Y-chromosomal haplotype distributions indicates a lack of gene flow between established populations that is unprecedented in livestock. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Bubalus bubalis migration models mitochondrial DNA Y-chromosomal sequences

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