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A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATE OF THE DSD METHOD FOR FIRST-ORDER HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2002年第6期23卷 732-740页

作者： KANG Tong(康彤) YU De-hao(余德浩) State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P R China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P R China

A posteriori error estimate of the discontinuous-streamline diffusion method for first-order hyperbolic equations was presented, which can be used to adjust space mesh reasonably. A numerical example is given to illus... 详细信息

关键词： posteriori error estimate discontinuous-streamline diffusion method first-order hyperbolic equation

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BAST: Blockchain-Assisted Secure and Traceable Data Sharing Scheme for Vehicular Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 4664-4678页

作者： Liu, Xinzhong Cui, Jie Zhang, Jing Yin, Rongwang Zhong, Hong Wei, Lu Bolodurina, Irina He, Debiao School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education Hefei 230039 China Anhui University Anhui Engineering Laboratory of IoT Security Technologies Hefei 230039 China Hefei University Department of Basic Experiment and Training Hefei 230601 China Orenburg State University Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technologies Orenburg 460018 Russian Federation Wuhan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering 430072 China MatrixElements Technologies Shanghai Key Laboratory of Privacy Preserving Computation Shanghai 201204 China

In vehicular networks, caching service content on edge servers (ESs) is a widely accepted strategy for promptly responding to vehicle requests, reducing communication overhead, and improving service experience. However, implementing such an architecture requires addressing the challenges associated with ES response data reliability and communication security. In this study, to tackle the ES response data reliability issue, a blockchain-assisted threshold signature scheme for cache-based vehicular networks is proposed. The scheme utilizes a threshold mechanism to sign the data broadcast by the ES, incorporates blockchain to trace malicious signers, and avoids the shortcomings and limitations associated with idealized assumptions for the ES in existing data-sharing schemes. Moreover, considering the communication security and high-speed mobility of vehicles, using the non-interactive signatures of knowledge based on the Σ-protocol, a secure and efficient message authentication scheme for vehicles and ESs is provided. Through rigorous security proofs and comprehensive analyses, our scheme satisfies the communication security requirements of vehicular networks. By leveraging the JPBC library for performance analysis, the proposed scheme demonstrates advantages as concerns both computation and communication overheads compared to related schemes. Moreover, we implemented the proposed scheme on an Ethereum test network (i.e., Goerli) to validate its feasibility. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： authentication blockchain signatures of knowledge threshold signature Vehicular networks

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Demonstrating quantum error mitigation on logical qubits

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Aosai Xie, Haipeng Gao, Yu Yang, Jia-Nan Bao, Zehang Zhu, Zitian Chen, Jiachen Wang, Ning Zhang, Chuanyu Zhong, Jiarun Xu, Shibo Wang, Ke Wu, Yaozu Jin, Feitong Zhu, Xuhao Zou, Yiren Tan, Ziqi Cui, Zhengyi Shen, Fanhao Li, Tingting Han, Yihang He, Yiyang Liu, Gongyu Shen, Jiayuan Wang, Han Wang, Yanzhe Dong, Hang Deng, Jinfeng Li, Hekang Wang, Zhen Song, Chao Guo, Qiujiang Zhang, Pengfei Li, Ying Wang, H. School of Physics ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing100193 China State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress post-correction logical failures is becoming increasingly crucial. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the application of zero-noise extrapolation, a practical quantum error mitigation technique, to error correction circuits on state-of-the-art superconducting processors. By amplifying the noise on physical qubits, the circuits yield outcomes that exhibit a predictable dependence on noise strength, following a polynomial function determined by the code distance. This property enables the effective application of polynomial extrapolation to mitigate logical errors. Our experiments demonstrate a universal reduction in logical errors across various quantum circuits, including fault-tolerant circuits of repetition and surface codes. We observe a favorable performance in multi-round error correction circuits, indicating that this method remains effective when the circuit depth increases. These results advance the frontier of quantum error suppression technologies, opening a practical way to achieve reliable quantum computing in the early fault-tolerant era. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Carving Metal–Organic–Framework Glass Based Solid–state Electrolyte Via a Top–Down Strategy for Lithium–Metal Battery

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Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2025年第14期64卷 e202424288页

作者： Xiang, Yang Yu, Ning Li, Jianbo Xu, Huixiang Chen, Shuang Xia, Yufan Luo, Zhen Li, Xu Liu, Zhu Xu, Maowen Jiang, Yinzhu Zhang, Xuan School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou311215 China School of Materials and Energy Southwest University Chongqing400715 China

Traditional polymer solid electrolytes (PSEs) suffer from low ions conductivity, poor kinetics and safety concerns. Here, we present a novel porous MOF glass gelled polymer electrolyte (PMG-GPE) prepared via a top-down strategy, which features a unique three-dimensional interconnected graded-aperture structure for efficient ions transport. Comprehensive analyses, including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), Solid-state 7Li magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, and electrochemical tests, quantify the pore structures, revealing their relationship with ions conductivity that increases and then decreases as macropore proportion rises. The introduced dispersed macropores (17 % fraction) can serve as bridges, connecting adjacent transport units to accelerate ions transport. Taking advantage of the cross-linked ion-conductive paths constructed by hierarchical pore structures, the PMG-GPE achieves a high ions conductivity of 1.9 mS cm−1. Additionally, the robust mechanical properties of PMG-GPE effectively suppress dendrite growth and penetration, outperforming crystal MOF-based electrolytes. The prepared Li symmetric batteries with PMG-GPE demonstrate a high critical current density of 5.1 mA cm−2 (two times higher than crystal MOF-electrolytes) and stable cycling for over 6000 hours without short circuits. Furthermore, a Li/PMG-GPE/LFP half-cell exhibits exceptional capacity retention of 83.12 % after 1400 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of structural design in advancing PSE performance, offering a promising pathway for the commercialization of high-performance solid-state batteries. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Magic angle spinning

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Enhancing precision for simultaneous 3D localization and 3D orientation with structured illumination

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Optics Letters 2025年第9期50卷 2856-2859页

作者： Zhan, Zhengyi Sun, Xiaofan He, Chenying Pan, Nie Yang, Xinxun Sun, Yile Han, Yubing Kuang, Cuifang Liu, Xu College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation Hangzhou310027 China ZJU Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou311200 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan030006 China

Determining the three-dimensional (3D) position and orientation of molecules from limited fluorescence photons is challenging. Existing modulated illumination localization microscopy partially transfers the photon burden to excitation intensity gradients, advancing precision to the molecular scale. However, most simultaneous localization and orientation methods rely on polarization splitting in the detection path and are sensitive to the signal-to-background ratio. This sensitivity is further exacerbated by sequential structured illumination (SSI), potentially compromising robustness. Here, we introduce V-SIMFLUX, which integrates SSI and the Vortex PSF without polarization-splitting detection. Our theoretical analysis shows that V-SIMFLUX improves the precision of all estimated parameters, notably achieving a typical 2.9-fold improvement in lateral localization and a 1.7-fold enhancement in azimuthal orientation compared to conventional wide-field illumination. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Deep learning Illumination Phase plates Photon counting Point spread function Structured illumination microscopy

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How do we improve the reproducibility and accuracy of EIS and Tafel testing in corrosion science?

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Surface Science and Technology 2025年第1期3卷 1-22页

作者： Shao, Zexi Ma, Mingyuan Liu, Xuhui Yuan, Sicheng Lin, Dan Bai, Ziheng Hu, Haodong Yu, Jingtai Du, Yafei Zhu, Yanji Wang, Huaiyuan School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin P.R. China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P.R. China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang China School of Materials and New Energy Ningxia University Yinchuan P.R. China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology National Materials Corrosion and Protection Scientific Data Center University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

Electrochemical is crucial in corrosion, energy storage, and electrocatalysts and are essential for mitigating carbon emissions. However, deviations in electrochemical testing can result from experiment errors and electrode preparation differences. Therefore, electrochemical experiment results are required to assess the reproducibility. Herein we found that the surface resistance is a key factor of electrochemical testing, and the difference of surface resistance could inform future anode oxidation devices, and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of electrochemical testing.

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Intuitive User-Guided Portrait Image Editing with Asymmetric Conditional GAN

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Computational Visual Media 2025年第2期11卷 361-379页

作者： Linlin Liu Qian Fu Fei Hou Ying He Interdisciplinary Graduate School Nanyang Technological University and Alibaba Group Singapore Singapore Data61 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Sydney Australia Key Laboratory of System Software (CAS) and State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

We propose PortraitACG, a novel framework for user-guided portrait image editing that leverages an asymmetric conditional generative adversarial network (GAN), which supports the fine-grained editing of geometries, colors, lights, and shadows using a single neural network model. Existing conditional GAN-based approaches usually feed the same conditional information into generators and discriminators, which is sub-optimal because these two modules are designed for different purposes. To facilitate flexible user-guided editing, we propose a novel asymmetric conditional GAN, where the generators take the transformed conditional inputs, such as edge maps, color palettes, sliders, and masks, that can be directly edited by the user, and the discriminators take the conditional inputs in a way that can guide controllable image generation more effectively. This allows image editing operations to be performed in a simpler and more intuitive manner. For example, the user can directly use a color palette to specify the desired colors of hair, skin, eyes, lips, and background and use a slider to blend colors. Moreover, users can edit the lights and shadows by modifying their corresponding masks.

关键词： Image color analysis Image edge detection Generative adversarial networks Generators Training Geometry Feature extraction Hair Feeds Image synthesis

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Rotated block triangular preconditioning based on PMHSS

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Science China Mathematics 2013年第12期56卷 2523-2538页

作者： BAI Zhong-Zhi State Key Laboratory of Scientific/Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the PMHSS preconditioning matrix, we construct a class of rotated block triangular preconditioners for block two-by-two matrices of real square blocks, and analyze the eigen-properties of the corresponding preconditioned matrices. Numerical experiments show that these rotated block triangular pre- conditioners can be competitive to and even more efficient than the PMHSS preconditioner when they are used to accelerate Krylov subspeme iteration methods for solving block two-by-two linear systems with coefficient matrices possibly of nonsymmetric sub-blocks.

关键词： block two-by-two matrix PMHSS preconditioner block triangular preconditioning product-typepreconditioning eigen-properties

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A semi-adaptive finite difference method for simulating two-sided fractional convection-diffusion quenching problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Dong, Rumin Zhu, Lin Sheng, Qin Zhao, Bingxin School of Mathematics and Statistics Ningxia Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Mechanics and Scientific Computing Ningxia Basic Science Research Center of Mathematics Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China Department of Mathematics Center for Astrophysics Space Physics and Engineering Research Baylor University WacoTX76798-7328 United States

This paper investigates quenching solutions of an one-dimensional, two-sided Riemann-Liouville fractional order convection-diffusion problem. Fractional order spatial derivatives are discretized using weighted averaging approximations in conjunction with standard and shifted Grünwald formulas. The advective term is handled utilizing a straightforward Euler formula, resulting in a semi-discretized system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The conservativeness of the proposed scheme is rigorously proved and validated through simulation experiments. The study is further advanced to a fully discretized, semi-adaptive finite difference method. Detailed analysis is implemented for the monotonicity, positivity and stability of the scheme. Investigations are carried out to assess the potential impacts of the fractional order on quenching location, quenching time, and critical length. The computational results are thoroughly discussed and analyzed, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the quenching phenomena modeled through two-sided fractional order convection-diffusion problems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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A class of globally convergent conjugate gradient methods

引用

Science China Mathematics 2003年第2期46卷 251-261页

作者：戴彧虹袁亚湘 State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences

Conjugate gradient methods are very important ones for solving nonlinear optimization problems,especially for large scale problems. However, unlike quasi-Newton methods, conjugate gradient methods wereusually analyzed individually. In this paper, we propose a class of conjugate gradient methods, which can beregarded as some kind of convex combination of the Fletcher-Reeves method and the method proposed byDai et al. To analyze this class of methods, we introduce some unified tools that concern a general methodwith the scalarβk having the form of φk/φk-1. Consequently, the class of conjugate gradient methods canuniformly be analyzed.

关键词： unconstrained optimization, conjugate gradient, line search, global convergence.

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