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Responses of dissolved organic nitrogen to varied nitrogen deposition: A 16-year nitrogen-addition and cessation experiment in a subtropical forest

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 975卷 179284页

作者： Yang, Dongxing Xie, Dani Mulder, Jan Yu, Qian Huang, Yongmei Duan, Lei State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation School of Land Engineering Chang'an University Shanxi 710064 China Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Box 5003 ÅsNO-1432 Norway State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment Nanjing University 163 Xian in Ave. Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) signals N loss in forest ecosystems, connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The response of DON to varied inorganic N (Nin) deposition remains unclear. A 16-year continuous monitoring of DON in throughfall, soil water, and stream water was conducted under a field N manipulation (10-year Nin addition and subsequent cessation of Nin addition) in a subtropical forest in China. Under reference conditions, the average organic N (Nor) deposition was 23.0 ± 4.9 kg N ha−1 yr−1, with approximately one-third leaching at a soil depth of 30 cm, a value that was higher than those reported for temperate forests. Over a 16-year period, DON concentrations tended to increase in throughfall, soil solutions and stream water. The long-term increase in DON concentrations in soil solutions was primarily driven by increasing Nor deposition and indirectly influenced by decreasing acid deposition. Due to a doubling of monthly Nin input, either as sodium nitrate or as ammonium nitrate, the soil DON leaching doubled, causing the soil to transition from a DON sink to a DON source. After Nin addition ceased, the DON leaching returned to natural levels, and the soil reverted to being a DON sink. This study reveals the importance of Nor deposition and decreasing acid deposition as drivers of long-term trends in DON concentrations in soil solutions, in addition to elucidating the response patterns of DON to increasing and decreasing Nin deposition. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Chronic nitrogen addition Dissolved organic nitrogen Nitrogen deposition Soil acidification recovery Water chemistry

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Assembly of ascovirus HvAV-3h long DNA fragment using the Transformation-Associated Recombination (TAR) approach in yeast cells

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BMC Biotechnology 2025年第1期25卷 1-13页

作者： Zaghloul, Heba A. H. Xiao, Zhengkun Hu, Hengrui Huang, Guo-Hua Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests College of Plant Protection Hunan Agricultural University Changsha PR China Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Yuelushan Laboratory Hunan Agricultural University Changsha PR China State Key Laboratory of Virology Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China

Synthetic biology is a young but rapidly growing field that allows for assembling long DNA fragments, including complete chromosomes. A key approach for long-DNA assembly is the Transformation Associated Recombination (TAR), which relies on efficient homologous recombination in yeast cells. Recent reports indicate that the TAR method efficiently assembles some human and animal viruses characterized by their large DNA genome size. The application of the TAR method to synthesize long DNA fragments derived from insect viruses is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the TAR approach for the construction of a long DNA fragment (>44.6 Kb) from the insecticidal Heliothesis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) dsDNA genome to assess the suitability of this approach in genome-wide engineering studies in this family of viruses. The long DNA fragment assembly process involved three stages: first, we amplified 15 segments of about 2.9–3.2 Kb each via PCR. Next, we recombined these segments through three parallel TAR cycles, producing medium-sized fragments of about 15 Kb. Finally, we assembled these fragments in a single TAR cycle to form a long DNA fragment of about 44.6 kb. We identified some positive clones by colony PCR or restriction digestion pattern. To assess the quality of the assembled DNA fragment, we conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS). A comparative analysis of Sanger sequencing for medium-sized fragments and NGS data from the synthesized long-DNA fragment demonstrated a nearly matched mutation profile, suggesting that the identified mutations and deletions were present at initial synthesis. Both datasets aligned with the reference HvAV-3h strain, revealing three specific nucleotide mutations and three unique mutation regions. Overall, the in vivo TAR assembly method efficiently assembled a long DNA fragment derived from the ascovirus genome as a template. The process is cost-effective and can be scaled up to synthesize the entire genome for gene fu

关键词： Gene encoding

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Microstructure and tribological properties of supersonic plasma sprayed Ni-based high entropy alloy coatings optimized by response surface method

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Intermetallics 2025年 183卷

作者： Zhao, Yonglin Chen, Ziming Shi, Weili Yang, Jun Li, Han Han, Bingyuan Hou, Shuai Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Transmission and Electronic Control Shiyan442002 China School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University of Technology Chang Zhou213001 China Tianjin Long March Launch Vehicle Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Tianjin300301 China State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing102205 China

FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared through the employment of the plasma spraying technique. The plasma spraying process parameters were optimized by means of the response surface methodology (RSM). A Box Behnken Design (BBD) was adopted to evaluate the effects of spraying power, spraying distance, and main gas flow rate on the porosity and microhardness of the coatings. Microscopic analysis and mechanical performance testing were conducted on the coating. Research showed that FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy coatings with different powers all consisted of body-centered cubic (BCC). The results revealed that the spraying power was the key factor affecting the porosity and microhardness of the coatings. With the change of spraying power, the melting degree of FeCoNiCrAl powder differed, and various spreading droplets appeared on the coating surface. The porosity and microhardness of the optimized FeCoNiCrAl coating were 0.45 % and 476.98 HV0.1, respectively, which were in close agreement with the model predictions. The results obtained from TEM indicated that the grains of the coating were highly crystallized and dislocations were existent within them. The optimized coating manifested a notable augmentation in wear resistance. Fatigue wear and abrasive wear were determined to be the predominant wear mechanisms discerned in the coating. Through the optimization of spraying parameters, the FeCoNiCrAl coating had been refined, thereby having furnished a reference for future investigations into plasma - sprayed FeCoNiCrAl high entropy alloy coatings. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Microhardness

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Modeling of distributed parameter systems based on independent partial derivative-physics-informed neural network

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Neurocomputing 2025年 642卷

作者： Wang, Lijie Lin, Yangshu Yan, Xinrong Shao, Yuhao Xu, Zuhua Yang, Chao Fan, Haidong Xie, Yurong Zheng, Chenghang State Key Lab of Clean Energy Utilization Institute of Carbon Neutrality State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd. Hangzhou310051 China Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Hangzhou310030 China

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted considerable interest due to their capacity to incorporate established physical principles, thus facilitating efficient training with a limited amount of observed data. This approach ensures that the results of supervised learning are in accordance with the governing physical laws of the system, thereby enhancing the interpretability of models. However, existing research predominantly employs a single network architecture to simultaneously learn the information of the partial differential equations (PDEs). Such architectures typically require large network sizes to learn the system characteristics, which leads to prolonged training times and inefficiencies. This paper introduces a novel modeling framework, termed the independent partial derivative-physics-informed neural network (IPD-PINN). In contrast to conventional methodologies, IPD-PINN employs a network comprising multiple subnetworks, with each subnetwork dedicated to the learning of individual partial derivatives in the PDEs. The modular network structure allows for flexible and scalable adjustments to the size of each subnetwork, accommodating modeling tasks of varying complexities. Consequently, the entire network is capable of reducing the required training time while maintaining precise modeling accuracy. The efficacy of the proposed IPD-PINN method is demonstrated through two simulation case studies, which highlight its potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of IPD-PINN modeling. © 2025

关键词： Wave equations

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Unveiling the potential phosphorus retention effect in small-scale cascade reservoir systems: evidence from the Weiyuan River

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Journal of Environmental Management 2025年 387卷 125847页

作者： Yin, Yuepeng Zhang, Wen You, Wangcheng Guo, Anqi Xu, Qiang Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geological Hazard Prevention and Geological Environmental Protection Chengdu610059 China Chengdu University of Technology College of Ecology and Environment State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Pollution Collaborative Control and Joint Remediation Chengdu610059 China State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing211135 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The construction of artificial dams profoundly alters nutrient dynamics within reservoir systems, with the phosphorus (P) retention effect of large reservoirs well-established. However, the role of small cascade reservoirs in regulating P transport dynamics remains poorly characterized, and whether their biogeochemical impacts align with those of large-scale reservoirs requires systematic investigation. Traditionally, it is widely believed that reservoir systems retain P, preventing their export downstream and thereby reducing primary productivity downstream of the reservoir. Unexpectedly, our research on the Weiyuan River cascade reservoirs revealed elevated sediment total P (TP) levels of 1208.93 mg/kg, bioavailable P (BAP) at 623.14 mg/kg, and 0.23 mg/L of TP in the overlying water of downstream reservoirs, indicating that P gradually accumulates into a hotspot along the downstream path of the cascade reservoir, especially during the low-water season (LWS). P dynamics within cascade reservoir systems are primarily driven by three interconnected factors: (1) enhanced sediment P remobilization risks in downstream reaches, (2) anthropogenic P loading from external sources, and (3) cascade-induced sedimentological shifts toward elevated organic matter content and finer particle size distributions, which collectively amplify P bioavailability through modified adsorption-desorption equilibria. Notably, the combined effect of elevated P loading (0.17 mg/L) and prolonged hydraulic retention time (HRT: 13.13 days) during low-water seasons triggered pronounced P sequestration in upstream suspended solids (SS) of cascade reservoirs, retaining 30.35 kg (15.73 % of sediment TP). This far exceeds the P transport observed during the high-water season (HWS), where an increase of 34.34 kg (36.69 %) was recorded downstream. The observed sediment retention during LWS exhibits inconsistencies with reservoir-scale P biogeochemical dynamics, potentially driven by the limited P bufferi

关键词： Reservoir inlets

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Associations of occupation categories with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: an analysis of NHANES 2005-2014

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BMC Public Health 2025年第1期25卷 1-10页

作者： Chi, Haiyang Zhou, Jia Li, Chao Lu, Yuhuan Xie, Can He, Baoyu Ke, Wei School of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic University 999078 Macao Engineering Research Centre of Applied Technology on Machine Translation and Artificial Intelligence Ministry of Education Macao Polytechnic University 999078 Macao Chongqing Yubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital Chongqing 40120 China Guang Ming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangdong Province Shenzhen 518106 China The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau 999078 Macao

Background: Evidence on the effects of occupation categories on cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression and longevity has mostly come from cross-sectional studies, which limits our understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of occupation categories with CVD and all-cause mortality in the American population. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2005–2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a large-scale public health survey representative of the U.S. population, linked to mortality data obtained in 2019. To evaluate the association between occupation categories and the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, we estimated Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 11,102 participants (aged 20–85 years, 53.99% male), 132 died from CVD among the total 478 deaths during a median follow-up of 9.9 years. In multivariable-adjusted models, the occupation categories were significantly associated with CVD mortality, with the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of 3.95(1.94–8.04) for construction and clean-up industry, 2.51(1.15–5.52) for sales and service industry, 2.49(1.04–5.95) for business and management, and 2.98(1.56,5.71) for others. For all-cause mortality, only construction and clean-up industry and sales and service industry were positively associated with all-cause mortality, and HRs (95% CIs) were 2.05(1.33–3.16) and 1.64(1.12–2.41). Both working hours in the previous week and the number of months worked exhibited varying degrees of dose-response relationships with CVD and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Occupation categories were found to be significantly associated with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Future research could incorporate different work properties into specific prevention strategies for these outcomes. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： All-cause mortality Cardiovascular mortality Cohort study Occupation categories

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Semi-empirical equivalent circuit model and evaluation of energy losses for alkaline electrolysis stack in dynamic operations

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 138卷 859-873页

作者： Sha, LianDong Lin, Jin Qi, Ruomei Li, Qinghui Li, Wenying Lin, Ruixiao Gao, Danhui Li, Hang Li, Xiaolong Yang, Chenxi Song, Yonghua State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Tsinghua-Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute Chengdu 610213 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610213 China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau 999078 Macao

In various applications of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) for hydrogen production, the efficiency of AWE stacks is a critical concern. Emerging applications involve significant dynamic operations, necessitating the evaluation of their impact on stack efficiency. However, a quantitative understanding of the power losses within AWE stacks under dynamic conditions remains limited. A significant research challenge exists in the development of models for AWE stacks that can accommodate dynamic operating conditions, and there is a need for a systematic approach to classify and quantify energy losses within the stack. This paper presents a quantitative assessment method for losses in AWE stacks based on a semi-empirical equivalent circuit model (SECM). The losses within the AWE stack are categorized into four types based on their generation mechanisms: overpotential losses, shunt current losses, non-Faradaic losses, and electrochemical cycling losses (cycling losses for short). Using experimental data from 5 MW and 10 kW AWE stacks, the parameters of the SECM observer are identified through a stepwise data-driven approach, resulting in a mean square error of less than 46.4 mV for 5 MW stack and 80.9 mV for 10 kW stack. The constructed SECM observer is employed to simulate the proportion of various losses under different dynamic operating conditions. This paper focuses on the efficiency and loss behaviors of AWE stacks under multi-stack switching strategies. Case studies demonstrate that the current range, ramp rate, regulation period, and duty cycle significantly influence the four types of losses. Based on the SECM observer, recommended parameters for multi-stack switching are provided. This work contributes to accurate assessment of AWE stack efficiency under dynamic operations and provides a methodology for designing AWE stack operating strategies. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Alkaline water electrolysis stack Dynamic operation Efficiency Electrochemical cycling losses Equivalent circuit model Multi-stack switching strategies

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Antibiotic resistance occurrence and ecological impact in landfill leachate: A review on compound effect of antibiotics and non-antibiotics

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Emerging Contaminants 2025年第3期11卷

作者： Xu, Yongtao Li, Dan Yuan, Ying Fang, Fei Xi, Beidou Tan, Wenbing State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Technical Centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing 100012 China

Landfilling remains one of the primary methods for managing municipal solid waste (MSW), processing approximately 350 million tons of waste annually. Among the various components of landfill waste, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), including both antibiotics and non-antibiotic compounds, pose significant environmental challenges. Landfill leachate is a highly complex medium, consisting of diverse contaminants such as non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (average concentration ∼1.74 μg/L), antibiotics (average concentration ∼527 ng/L), heavy metals, dissolved organic matter, and micro/nano-plastics (concentration range 0.64–2.16 mg/L). This unique mixture can alter the native microbial community structure, profoundly impacting antibiotic resistance, potentially disrupting soil and groundwater ecosystems, and threatening ecological balance. Existing research has extensively investigated the composition, physicochemical properties, environmental behavior, and microbial community structure of landfill leachate, leading to significant advancements in the field. However, due to the complexity and large volume of landfill leachate, current risk assessment approaches predominantly rely on conventional pollutant indicators, and most treatment strategies are designed for general contaminants. There is a lack of systematic descriptions that integrate pollutants with their direct impacts on microbial communities. This review focuses on the current pollution status, spatiotemporal trends, interactions, and migration risks of antibiotics and non-antibiotic pollutants in landfill leachate. In particular, we explore the in situ emergence of antibiotic resistance in landfill leachate (rather than the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes) and examine the influence of various leachate components on antibiotic resistance. By emphasizing the importance of understanding the combined effects of antibiotics and non-antibiotic pollutants in landfill environments, t

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics and non-antibiotic substances Composition effect Landfill leachate

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Ensemble source apportionment of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds and quantifying ensemble source impacts on ozone

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Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 2025年 157卷 534-545页

作者： Liang, Weiqing Wang, Zhenyu Zhao, Dongheng Liu, Jinxing Ma, Tong Feng, Yinchang Shi, Guoliang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Technology Enterprise Key Laboratory School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Co. Ltd. Tianjin300072 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China

Serious fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution and rapidly increasing of ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations are concern issues in China. To achieve the comprehensive control of PM2.5-O3 composite air pollution, exploring the common sources of PM2.5 and VOCs is essential. However, previous researches most carried out either PM2.5 or VOCs source appointment. In this study, we applied the ensemble source apportionment method to explore the impacts of common sources on PM2.5-VOCs. Subsequently, we obtained the ensemble source impacts on O3 combining the extracted VOCs source profile and ozone formation potential. We found that the focus of environmental management and source control should be varied accordingly for different pollutants. Vehicle emission was the largest contributor (41 %) to PM2.5-VOCs, while industrial emission was the main common source (51 %) to O3. The result showed that the O3 production rate is not only related to the VOCs emission, but also to the reactivity of VOCs. In addition, sensitivity tests revealed that temperature was the main factor affecting O3 formation. The study provides a framework to explore the common sources impact on PM2.5 and VOCs, which is benefit to address both PM2.5 and O3 mitigations. © 2024

关键词： Emission control

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Volatile fatty acids produced by waste activated sludge with low-dose nano-zero-valent iron synchronized with low-intensity ultrasonication pretreatment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 2025年 157卷 340-353页

作者： Li, Yingte Wen, Yexuan Liu, Shiting An, Baihong Chen, Taoqin Zhang, Jianyue Liu, Jinfeng Chen, Hongbin Tang, Xianchun State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Sichuan Environmental Protection Industry Group Co. Ltd. Chengdu610046 China Meishan Chuanneng Investment Water Co. Ltd. Meishan620000 China

Recently, using anaerobic hydrolysis of waste activated sludge (WAS) to recover volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon sources for denitrification has been widely studied, and the key is to solve the problem of improving the solubility and bioavailability of WAS organic matter. Considering the energy consumption and chemical cost, this paper used low-dose nano-zero-valent iron (NZVI) coupled with low-intensity ultrasonication (US) to pretreat WAS, and explored the effects of different treatment sequences on the fragmentation of WAS flocs particles, the dissolution of organic matter, and the subsequent biofermentation conversion process. The results showed low-dose NZVI synchronized with low-intensity US (NZVIUS) worked best for WAS anaerobic fermentation. Compared with 2062 mg/L in control group, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) after NZVIUS treatment reached up to 2786 mg/L during the fermentation cycle, and the initial release rate of SCOD increased by 69 %. The VFAs production was elevated from 1522 to 1940 mg COD/L. NZVIUS pretreatment promoted the solubilization of attached organic matter, manifested by the fragmentation of WAS flocs and cell lysis. At the same time, proteins and carbohydrates in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) had different types of migration and transformation, and transfer of EPS can contribute 35.6 % to SCOD. Moreover, adding NZVI promoted PO43−-P recovery in the fermentation supernatant by 22.3 % more than in day 4 control. This study demonstrated that the NZVIUS pretreatment method can effectively improve the production of VFAs by WAS anaerobic fermentation, meeting the practical needs of wastewater plants. © 2025

关键词： Cells

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