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Invasive mechanism and control strategy of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel)

Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 1291-1298页

作者： WAN FangHao1, LIU WanXue1, GUO JianYing1, QIANG Sheng2, LI BaoPing2, WANG JinJun3, YANG GuoQing1, NIU HongBang1, GUI FuRong1, HUANG WenKun1, JIANG ZhiLin1 & WANG WenQi3 1state key laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2College of Plant protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 3key laboratory of Entomology and Pest control Engineering, College of Plant protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China 1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China2. College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China3. Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China

In order to ascertain the invasive mechanism and control strategy of the invasive Crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora, its ecological adaptability and population differentiation,the formation of single dominant population, displacement of native plants and sustainable management strategies were investigated. The present results helped to clarify and explain such issues as the adaptability post invasion,interaction and competition between inter-and intra-species and community resistance, thereby providing important references to researches on other invasive alien species.

关键词： Ageratina adenophora invasive mechanism genetic diversity ecological adaptation allelopathy feedback of soil biota competitive displacement

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Distributions and sources of n-alkanes in PM_(2.5) at urban,industrial and coastal sites in Tianjin,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1551-1557页

作者： Weifang Li Yue Peng Zhipeng Bai State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China. Tianjin Academy of Environmental Protection Science Tianjin 300191 China Liaoning Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center Shenyang 110031 China

Aliphatic hydrocarbons （n-alkanes） associated with fine particulate matter were determined in the ambient air of urban, industrial and coastal areas in Tianjin, China, where intensive coal burning for industrial and domestic purpose takes place, n-Alkane homologues from C12 to C35 were quantifiable in all samples with C20-C31 being the most abundant species. Average concentrations of the total n-alkanes were 148.7, 250.1 and 842.0 ng/m3 in July, April and January, respectively. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to ambient temperature changes and coal combustion for residential heating. Among the three studied areas, the highest levels of n-alkanes were observed in the industrial complex in winter and spring, but in summer the coastal alkane concentration moved up to the highest. A mono-modal distribution for n-alkanes was observed in spring and summer with odd carbon number predominance and a maximum centered at C27-C31, suggesting the release of plant wax into the atmosphere. The bimodal distribution with maxima at C22 and C26 observed in winter indicated a substantial influence of fossil fuel sources. All the CPIs （CPI1, CPI2, CPI3） values, varying between 0.64 and 1.97, indicated the influence of anthropogenic emissions on fine organic aerosols. The estimated contributions of plant wax to total n-alkanes were on average of 12.9%, 19.1% and 26.1% for winter, spring and summer, respectively.

关键词： PM2.5 n-alkanes distribution pattern CPIs plant wax

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Investigation of the effects of humic acid and H_(2)O_(2) on the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine assisted by microwave

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第3期4卷 321-328页

作者： Chao QIN Shaogui YANG Cheng SUN Manjun ZHAN Rongjun WANG Huanxing CAI Jia ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Nanjing Research Institude of Environmental Protection Nanjing 210013China Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Changzhou 210093China

A solution of atrazine in a TiO_(2)suspension,an endocrine disruptor in natural water,was tentatively treated by microwave-assisted photocatalytic *** effects of mannitol,oxygen,humic acid,and hydrogen dioxide on the photodegradation rate were *** results could be deduced as follows:the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine fits the pseudo-first-order kinetic well with k=0.0328 s–1,and·OH was identified as the dominant *** of atrazine was hindered in the presence of humic acid,and the retardation effect increased as the concentration of humic acid increased.H_(2)O_(2)displayed a significant negative influence on atrazine photocatalysis *** on intermediates identified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)techniques,the main degradation routes of atrazine are proposed.

关键词： atrazine retardation effect photocatalysis TiO_(2)

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Methane emissions during storage of different treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1564-1569页

作者： Jiajun Wang Chiqing Duan Yaqin Ji Yichao Sun . College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Iianjin 300071 China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control Tianjin 300071 China Institute of Environment and Ecology Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences Tianjin 300191 China

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people, animals and environment. In general, the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals, temperature, manure characteristics and so on. This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with different piling treatments. Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30, 45, 60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm. Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009. Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values. Subsequently, all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment. Wilcoxon nonparametfic tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner. There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap. However, regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.

关键词： dairy manure storage methane emissions different piling treatments

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Application of land use regression for estimating concentrations of major outdoor air pollutants in Jinan, China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第11期11卷 857-867页

作者： Li CHEN Shi-yong DU Zhi-peng BAI Shao-fei KONG Yan YOU Bin HAN Dao-wen HAN Zhi-yong LI College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution and Control Tianjin 300071 China College of Urban and Environmental Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China Jinan Institute of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China

SO2, NO2, and PM10 are the major outdoor air pollutants in China, and most of the cities in China have regulatory monitoring sites for these three air pollutants. In this study, we developed a land use regression (LUR) model using regulatory monitoring data to predict the spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in Jinan, China. Traffic, land use and census data, and meteorological and physical conditions were included as candidate independent variables, and were tabulated for buffers of varying radii. SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations were most highly correlated with the area of industrial land within a buffer of 0.5 km (R2=0.34), the distance from an expressway (R2=0.45), and the area of residential land within a buffer of 1.5 km (R2=0.25), respectively. Three multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables (p<0.05) for SO2, NO2, and PM10, and R2 values obtained were 0.617, 0.640, and 0.600, respectively. An LUR model can be applied to an area with complex terrain. The buffer radii of independent variables for SO2, NO2, and PM10 were chosen to be 0.5, 2, and 1.5 km, respectively based on univariate models. Intercepts of MLR equations can reflect the background concentrations in a certain area, but in this study the intercept values seemed to be higher than background concentrations. Most of the cities in China have a network of regulatory monitoring sites. However, the number of sites has been limited by the level of financial support available. The results of this study could be helpful in promoting the application of LUR models for monitoring pollutants in Chinese cities.

关键词： Land use regression (LUR) Air pollution Background concentration Geographic information system (GIS)

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A land use regression for predicting NO_2 and PM_(10) concentrations in different seasons in Tianjin region,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1364-1373页

作者： Li Chen Zhipeng Bai Shaofei Kong Bin Han Yan You Xiao Ding Shiyong Du Aixia Liu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution and Control Iianjin 300071 China College of Urban and Environmental Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China Jinan Institute of Environmental Sciences Jinan 250014 China Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science Tianjin 300074 China

Land use regression （LUR） model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression （MLR） equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season （R2 = 0.74）, and non-heating season （R2 = 0.61） in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season （R2 = 0.72）, and non-heating season （R2 = 0.49）. Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations （resolution is 10 krn）. Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 （NOz, heating season）, 0.035 （NO2, non-heating season）, 0.068 （PM10, heating season）, and 0.092 （PM10, non-beating season） in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 （NO2, heating season）, 0.043 （NO2, non-heating season）, 0.087 （PM10, heating season）, and 0.096 （PMl0, non-heating season）. These intercept values might imply an area＇s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. Rz values increased 0.09 （heating season） and 0.18 （non-heating season） for NO2, and 0.08 （heating season） and 0.04 （non-heating season） for PMl0. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more effectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NOz compared with PM10.

关键词： land use regression air pollution Tianjin background concentration geographic information system

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Forecast of Consumption and Emission of HFC-134a Used in the Mobile Air-conditioner Sector in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第1期1卷 20-26页

作者： Jianxin Hu Dan Wan Chunmei Li Jianbo Zhang Xu Yi State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation ＆ Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences ＆ Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Beijing Environmental Protection Supervision Team Beijing 100044 China China Automobile Industrial Association Beijing 100823 China

HFC-134a is the most important alternative to CFC-12 used in the mobile air-conditioner sector in China. The con- sumption of HFC-134a has been increasing rapidly in recent years. It becomes the most consumed HFC in the sector. Selecting 2005 as the base line year, future consumption and emission amounts of HFC-134a are estimated through an analysis of a combined scenario： 1） replacement by non-HFC-134a blends, 2） good practice in servicing, 3） technology promotion, and 4） government policies on control of HFC-134a emissions. The analysis shows that HFC-134a consumption and emissions will continue to increase in the next 10 years. The projected HFC-134a consumption will approach 20,150 t and 34,875 t in 2010 and 2015 respectively, while the estimated emission amounts will reach 16,065 t and 30,186 t （i.e., 21 Mt CO2-eq and 39 Mt CO2-eq emissions） correspondingly. Compared with the business-as-usual scenario, the expected emission reductions in 2010 and 2015 will range between 6.7 Mt CO2-eq and 13.0 Mt CO2-eq.

关键词： mobile air-conditioner HFC-134a emission reduction

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Classical biological control program for the mealybug Oracella acuta in Guangdong Province, China

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 129-139页

作者： Stephen R. Clarke Hai-Bin Yu Mu-Rong Chen Gary L. DeBarr Jiang-Hua Sun US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Protection Lufkin Texas USA Forest Pest Control Station of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station Athens Geogria2 USA State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The mealybug Oracella acuta, native to the southeastern US, was accidentally introduced into slash pine plantations in Guangdong Province in China in 1988. A classical biological control program was initiated in 1995, and the parasitoids Allotropa oracellae, Acerophaus coccois, and Zarhopalus debarri were imported from the US. A total of 19 972 parasitized mealybugs were shipped to China from 1996-2004, from which 15 430 wasps emerged, 12 933 of which were the three target species. Efforts to establish a mass-rearing program for the parasitoids in China failed. Five field release sites were established, and 6 020 parasitoids were released. Only 118 individuals of the three imported species were collected during establishment checks, although several wasps were collected 1-2 years after the last parasitoid release. Over 2 000 Anagyrus dactylopii, a cosmopolitan parasitoid, emerged from the parasitized mealybugs collected, a majority from the Taishan area near the site of the original introduction ofO. acuta. To date the imported parasitoids have failed to establish, and natural enemies have not noticeably reduced mealybug populations.

关键词： Acerophagus coccois Anagyrus dactylopii Allotropa oracellae classical biological control Oracella acuta Zarhopalus debarri

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Integration of protection and control systems for smart substation

Integration of protection and control systems for smart subs...

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2010 5th International Conference on Critical Infrastructure, CRIS 2010

作者： Ma, Jing Wang, Tong Wu, Jie Wang, Zengping Key Laboratory of Power System Protection and Dynamic Security Monitoring and Control Ministry of Education North China Electric Power University 102206 Beijing China State Nuclear Electric Power Planning Design and Research Institute 100094 Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424480814

Digital based data processing and protection and control system along with digital communication networks introduces new structures for substation protection and control systems and new methods for intelligent protection and control systems. This paper presents a unique vision for the future integration of protection and control systems. Firstly, the basic concept and configuration of the developed protection and control systems for smart substation is introduced. The features and functions of integrated protection and control systems for smart substation are then discussed and compared with that of the traditional substation in detail. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Data handling

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Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2)-induced changes affecting Cu2+-mediated alterations in bacterium Bacillus subtilis and α-amylase

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Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 2010年第10期92卷 1851-1856页

作者： Zhao, Yuxia Lin, Kuangfei Zhang, Wei State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles possess the potential to coexist with Copper (Cu2+) in soil. The individual and combined toxicity of these two chemicals was evaluated using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, a known soil model bacterium. Cu2+ (6.25-50 μgmL-1) alone produced toxicity to bacteria as evidenced by the decreased cell viability and deceased α-amylase production. The addition of TiO2 (50 μgmL-1) enhanced the Cu2+-induced decrease in cell viability but elevated amylase activity. TiO2 did not markedly affect the growth rate and lag period. A primary cause of TiO2 increasing Cu2+ toxicity is presumed to be associated with hydroxyl radical formation, while increased amylase activity is considered to arise from Cu2+ facilitating TiO2 degradation ability. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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