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PLLA-PEG/mPEG Copolymer with Improved Hydrophilicity, Crystallinity, and Biocompatibility: An In-Depth Study on the Crystallization Kinetics

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第20期17卷 30067-30080页

作者： Lian, Ruixian Zhou, Dong Xiao, Lan Rodrigues, João Sheng, Ruilong Bai, Zhishan Li, Yulin Liu, Changsheng The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration Medical Materials Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University Wenzhou325000 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University QLD4222 Australia CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira MMRG Universidade da Madeira Campus da Penteada Madeira Funchal9000-390 Portugal

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability for the construction of biomaterials. However, its limited crystallinity largely restricts practical application. In this study, four poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) copolymers were synthesized by incorporating two different molecular weights of PEG/mPEG (1K and 2K) chains with l-lactide via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The impact of PEG/mPEG chains on the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers, their crystallization kinetics, and activation energy was also examined. The results demonstrate that introducing PEG/mPEG chains could significantly improve the hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and crystallization rate and reduce the maximum crystallization temperature of the copolymer materials. Among the PLLA copolymers, PLLA-mPEG (2K) exhibits the most remarkable improvements in polymer crystallinity, crystallization rate, and reduction of the maximum crystallization temperature. The advancements in copolymer material properties were anticipated to significantly expand the potential applications for PLLA-based polymer materials, which also greatly improved the applicability as sustainable and controllable biopolymer materials. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Biocompatibility

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Accelerating enrichment of ARGs and MGEs with increasing ammonium removal during partial nitrification treating high-strength ammonia wastewater

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Environmental Research 2025年 278卷 121657页

作者： Yu, Heng Jia, Weiyi Luo, Yuqiu Zhang, Rong Zhao, Junkai Lu, Cong Dong, Yue Shuo han Li, Bing Qu, Chengtun State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

Free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) are critical operational parameters to maintain partial nitrification (PN) in treating high-strength ammonia wastewater. However, whether FA and FNA, as non-antibiotic antimicrobial chemicals, could directly enhance antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) enrichment during PN is still unclear. This study deciphered the prevalence of ARGs, potential mobility, and hosts under different ammonium removal efficiencies (ARE) (different FA and FNA) during stable PN. The results showed that when ARE increased from 52.2 ± 6.2 % to 91.8 ± 3.3 %, total abundances of ARGs and mobile gene elements (MGEs) were stepwise increased. In particular, four types of ARGs (aminoglycoside, bacitracin, peptide, and sulfonamide) and six subtypes of ARGs (bacA, ugd, sul2, baeR, aph(3")-I and aph(6)-I) increased with the increasing ARE. Under selection pressures of FA and FNA, plasmids tended to encode aminoglycoside and MLS, while chromosomes had a tendency to carry multidrug, bacitracin, peptide, and fosmidomycin. Furthermore, FA and FNA enhanced the spread of ARGs mediated by the dominated transposase and recombinase. Nitrosomonas dominated the host of ARGs co-occurring with MGEs during the operation of PN. This study highlights the effect of FA and FNA on ARGs and provides theoretical support for the control of ARGs in biological nitrogen removal processes via nitrite pathway. © 2025

关键词： Ammonia

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Ecological Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Vegetated Coastal Wetland Ecosystem: Exploring the Roles of Biodiversity and Environmental Changes

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Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering 2025年第1期12卷 35-47页

作者： Liu, Lele Du, Ning Eller, Franziska Ye, Siyuan Li, Xiaowen Wei, Jifang Guo, Yaolin Brix, Hans Guo, Weihua Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea Ministry of Natural Resources School of Life Sciences Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao266237 China Department of Biology Aarhus University Ole Worms Alle 1 Aarhus8000 Denmark Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology China Geological Survey Qingdao266000 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China North China Sea Ecological Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources Qingdao266000 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of EcoChongming School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

Vegetated coastal wetlands, also called blue carbon ecosystems, are significant carbon sinks that play a vital role in global climate change mitigation. Understanding the ecological mechanisms of carbon sequestration in these ecosystems is essential to effectively manage and conserve them. This review focuses on macroecological mechanisms of carbon transfer and microecological mechanisms of carbon stabilization in vegetated coastal wetland ecosystems. Macroecological mechanisms include the horizontal and vertical carbon transport coupled to plant ecophysiology and community diversity, while microecological mechanisms include processes related to soil organic matter dynamics, such as decomposition, stabilization, and mineralization. key scientific issues surrounding these mechanisms include transformation between carbon sink and source, stabilization mechanisms of organic carbon, and environmental effects at multiple time scales. A comprehensive research framework is also presented, which integrates spatial-temporal pattern, macroecological mechanism, microecological mechanism, and ecological engineering. Addressing these key scientific questions within the proposed framework can provide valuable insights into the significant role of biodiversity in blue carbon ecosystems, as well as significant implications for management and conservation of vegetated coastal wetlands under global climate changes. © 2025 Old City Publishing, Inc.

关键词： Ecosystems

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The phytoplasma(Candidatus Phytoplasma arecae)is the crucial pathogen to cause areca palm yellow leaf disease

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Science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 847-851页

作者： Shuangwei Song Qian Wang Liangxiao Huo Liqiang Xie Jiaqi Chen Hongguang Cui Zhaoji Dai Jinrui Kang Yi Li Wei Guo Jinfeng Chen Le Kang Xiaoming Zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Life Sciences Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Sanya 572025China Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests(Ministry of Education) School of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops Vector-borne Virus Research CenterCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

The areca palm(Areca catechu L.)is a vital tropical forest species widely utilized for vegetation restoration,landscaping,and greening *** nuts hold significant importance in traditional medicine,serving as remedies for various ailments such as parasitic infections,digestive disorders,and depression[1–3].Areca palm yellow leaf disease(AYLD)poses a serious threat to areca palm growth.

关键词： Areca palm yellow leaf disease Candidatus phytoplasma arecae traditional medicineserving phytoplasma areca palm areca palm areca parasitic infectionsdigestive disordersand Areca catechu

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Synergistic effect of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize with emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

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Journal of Pest Science 2025年 1-16页

作者： Wang, Wenhui Kang, Guodong Chen, Shuang Zhang, Dandan Zhao, Shengyuan Li, Haitao Yang, Xianming Xiao, Yutao Liang, Gemei Wu, Kongming Institute of Insect Sciences College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450046 China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Xianghu Laboratory Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen 518116 China

The invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), has posed a serious threat to maize production in Africa and Asia. Chemical insecticides and Bt maize are the main means for FAW control, but the interaction between these two measures is also unclear. In this study, the susceptibility of the field population (Ezhou) fed on Bt maize insecticidal protein and the Vip3Aa-resistant population DH-R (206-fold) to emamectin benzoate (EB) and chlorantraniliprole (CAP) was determined by the topical application method. The results showed that the susceptibility of both populations to the two insecticides increased significantly. The mechanism is attributed to the inhibition of the activities of enzymes detoxification enzymes, including carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), and multifunctional oxidase (MFO). The corrected control effects of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize combined with EB or CAP against larvae were measured by a spraying method in the laboratory and field. The results showed that the combined use of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize and EB increased the corrected control effect by 22.70%-22.86% in the laboratory and 16.74% in the field. Similarly, the combined use of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize and CAP increased the corrected control effect by 54.92%-61.59% in the laboratory and 19.62% in the field. It is concluded that the Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize and chemical insecticides (EB and CAP) have synergistic effects against FAW, providing a theoretical basis for integrating Bt maize with chemical insecticides to manage the FAW populations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Bt maize Chemical insecticides Fall armyworm Synergistic effect

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Variability of mechanical properties of geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete: Experimental and numerical study

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 477卷

作者： Zhou, Hongyuan Mu, Chongyuan Wang, Xiaojuan Song, Tianyi Zhang, Hong Wang, Yonghui Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Key Laboratory of Structures Dynamic Behaviour and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

Despite the extensive research available on the mechanical properties of geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (GRAC), its variability has received insufficient attention, potentially posing significant risks to the safety of GRAC components in practical applications. To further investigate the influence of specimen widths, height-to-width ratios, and RCA substitution rates on the mechanical performance variability of GRAC, GRAC specimens were fabricated for the quasi-static compressive test and the corresponding numerical simulations were conducted. First, the GRAC specimens with four different specimen widths (70, 100, 150, and 200 mm) and five different RCA substitution rates (0 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 100 %) were fabricated for the quasi-static compressive test. Subsequently, a non-homogeneous meso-scale numerical model, accounting for the correlation among compressive strength, elastic modulus, and peak strain using the third-moment normal transformation (TMNT) method, was proposed and validated by the test data. The experimental and numerical results demonstrated that, compared to normal and log-normal distribution models, the Weibull distribution model could more accurately describe the compressive strength distribution of GRAC with a smaller prediction error. Furthermore, it was observed that compressive strength variability of GRAC decreased with an increase in specimen width and height-to-width ratio, while initially increasing and then decreasing with an increase in RCA substitution rate. In addition, based on the experimental and numerical results, the compressive strength prediction formula for GRAC at any specified reliability was proposed, accounting for specimen width, height-to-width ratio, and RCA substitution rate. It offered a more accurate prediction of the compressive strength of GRAC with different specimen widths, height-to-width ratios, and RCA substitution rates at any given reliability, thereby facilitating a more rational design of GRAC

关键词： Geopolymer concrete

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Role of nitrogen cycling functional genes and their key influencing factors in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems

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Environmental Reviews 2025年 33卷

作者： Wang, Wenwen Li, Mengze Chen, Peng Yuan, Shengwu Wang, Kun Wang, Shuhang Jiang, Xia State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing100012 China MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan430074 China

The nitrogen cycle, essential for the transformation and circulation of nitrogen, involves key processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. Microorganisms are crucial in these processes, influencing water quality through energy conversion and nitrogen cycling. Eutrophication, driven by human activities, increases exogenous nitrogen input, accelerating nitrogen cycling and loss, boosting greenhouse gas emissions, and impacting aquatic ecosystems. Functional genes in the nitrogen cycle, such as amoA (nitrification), nirS, nirK, nosZ (denitrification), and hzs and hzo (anaerobic ammonium oxidation), are indicators of nitrogen transformation in sediments. Environmental factors like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), organic matter content, nitrogen levels, pH, and salinity significantly influence these genes’ expression and regulation. For example, temperature changes can affect nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria activities, DO levels impact microbial growth and metabolism, and higher organic matter content stimulates the expression of nitrogen cycle genes. Understanding how these environmental factors affect nitrogen cycling genes is crucial for addressing eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. This review focuses on the adaptability and responses of nitrogen-associated functional microorganisms and genes environmental changes, offering theoretical insights and practical guidance for sustainable ecosystem management. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Microorganisms

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Quantitative characterization of cellular morphology of turbulent hydrogen-air spherically expanding flames

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年

作者： Zhao, Haoran Bao, Shikai Shi, Zhenghao Quan, Minbo Tian, Fuchao Yuan, Chunmiao Li, Gang Fire & Explosion Protection Laboratory Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Shenyang Research Institute Shenfu Demonstration Zone 113122 China

In the present study, the morphology evolution of turbulent hydrogen expanding flames is comprehensively investigated. A quantitative characterization method of turbulent flame cellularity is proposed based on machine leaning. A series of experimental data (cell size, cell number, onset of cell division, and fractal excess) of turbulent flame morphology are obtained, and the effects of turbulent intensity, equivalence ratio and pressure are analyzed. The results indicate that the morphology evolution of turbulent expanding flames can be divided into self-similar crack stage, cell division stage, and cell saturation stage. The onset of cell division and the fractal excess are evidently promoted by turbulent disturbance, and the saturated cell size is mainly controlled by Kolmogorov length scale. Based on above experimental data, two empirical models of onset and fractal excess are correlated as Pecr = 49.4·(u’/SL)−0.56 and dt = 0.35·(u’/SL)0.24 respectively. All above results imply that the mechanism of turbulent flame cellularity is essentially different from that of laminar flames. The cellular morphology of turbulent flames is dominated by turbulent disturbance, and the flame intrinsic instability plays a secondary role. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Premixed flames

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Numerical study on smoke spread characteristics of metro carriage fires with lateral multi-openings

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International Journal of Ventilation 2025年

作者： Yang, Yuxuan Qian, Xinming Hou, Longfei State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Fire Prevention and Control Technology Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research Tsinghua University Heifei China

Urban rail transit system has emerged as a critical urban lifeline project, while the fire risks it confronts are progressively on the rise. The lateral multi-opening structure of metro train carriages, in conjunction with the interval tunnel, forms a common yet distinctive double-narrow confined space. As important parameters for metro fire hazard assessment, the applicability of models for smoke spread velocity, maximum ceiling temperature rise, and longitudinal distribution of smoke temperature established based on single narrow tunnel or building corridor fire scenarios needs further verification in metro carriage fires. Therefore, this paper employs the method of numerical simulation to investigate the smoke spreading process and temperature distribution characteristics within train carriage and metro tunnel under different fire scenarios. The prediction models concerning the smoke spreading velocity in train carriages and metro tunnels have been developed. The impacts of fire source location, heat release rate, and ventilation velocity on the smoke temperature distribution characteristics have been examined. The prediction models for the maximum ceiling temperature rise and non-dimensional longitudinal temperature distribution of train carriages and metro tunnels have been established, and the accuracies of these prediction models have been validated. This research can enhance and refine the metro system fire safety theory, and provide theoretical and technical support for risk prevention and emergency management in such metro fire scenarios. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Fire hazards

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Unveiling the crucial role of iron oxide transformation in simultaneous immobilization of nanoplastics and organic matter

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 959卷 178280页

作者： Su, Chengpeng Peng, Cheng Liang, Weiyu Chen, Anqi Liu, Qiang Zhang, Wei State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resource and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China

Nanoplastics (NPs) have been found in natural environments. However, the sequestration of NPs and natural organic matter (NOM) coupled with the Fe(III) hydrolysis and subsequent iron oxides transformation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the behaviors of NPs during the dynamic transformation process of iron oxides in the presence of humic acids (HA). The quantification results of europium chelate-labeled polystyrene (PS) NPs and HA indicate that 87.60 % of NPs and 49.45 % of HA were sequestered in the precipitate by the end of the transformation (240 h). High-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HAADF-STEM-EDS) images show that NPs were doped into iron oxides during the recrystallization of ferrihydrite aggregates, while HA were adsorbed or penetrated into the nanoscale pores on the mineral surfaces, suggesting the formation of a stable iron oxides-NPs-NOM ternary nanocomplex with a core-shell structure. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) analysis indicate that functional groups of iron oxides and HA, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, and Fe[sbnd]O bonds, played a role in the binding process. In the presence of HA, the stability of the coprecipitation system was enhanced due to the increased electrostatic repulsion, which facilitated the full incorporation of NPs with iron oxides. These findings provide a new insight into the simultaneous immobilization of NPs and NOM. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Energy dispersive spectroscopy

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