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Occurrence and risk of microplastics and hexabromocyclododecane in urban drinking water systems: From source water to tap water

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 177966页

作者： Han, Ziwei Jiang, Jiali Ni, Xuan Xia, Jing Yan, Chicheng Cui, Changzheng State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in drinking water systems and their risk of releasing additives have caused widespread concern. However, current research on the migration and risks of MPs and additives in the complete drinking water supply chain remains inadequate. In this study, micro-Raman spectrometer was used to track the entire transport process of MPs from the water source to the tap water, with concentrations ranging from 805 to 4960 items/L, and polyethylene and Polyethylene terephthalate were dominant. The removal efficiency of MPs at the drinking water treatment plant was 85.0 ± 5.2 %. However, chlorination increased the proportion of polystyrene by 40.1 ± 5.3 %. Chlorination increases the surface roughness and carbonyl index of polystyrene standards, and promotes the release of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) (482.0 ng/g–2208.7 ng/g). The non-carcinogenic risk index of HBCD ingestion through drinking water remains well below 1 for residents. Complete water treatment processes significantly reduce the risks posed by MPs, achieving reductions of 54.3 % in the pollution load index and 82.1 % in the potential ecological risk index. The estimated daily intake of MPs ingested by residents through tap water ranges from 33.4 to 45.6 items/kg/d. This study investigated the occurrence of MPs in the complete drinking water supply chain and the risk of chlorine disinfection for HBCD release, which could help develop more effective MPs control measures and risk management strategies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Risk assessment

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A production planning benchmark for real-world refinery-petrochemical complexes

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Du, Wenli Wang, Chuan Fan, Chen Li, Zhi Zhong, Yeke Kang, Tianao Liang, Ziting Yang, Minglei Qian, Feng Dai, Xin State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China

To achieve digital intelligence transformation and carbon neutrality, effective production planning is crucial for integrated refinery-petrochemical complexes. Modern refinery planning relies on advanced optimization techniques, whose development requires reproducible benchmark problems. However, existing benchmarks lack practical context or impose oversimplified assumptions, limiting their applicability to enterprise-wide optimization. To bridge the substantial gap between theoretical research and industrial applications, this paper introduces the first open-source, demand-driven benchmark for industrial-scale refinery-petrochemical complexes with transparent model formulations and comprehensive input parameters. The benchmark incorporates a novel port-stream hybrid superstructure for modular modeling and broad generalizability. key secondary processing units are represented using the delta-base approach grounded in historical data. Three real-world cases have been constructed to encompass distinct scenario characteristics, respectively addressing (1) a stand-alone refinery without integer variables, (2) chemical site integration with inventory-related integer variables, and (3) multi-period planning. All model parameters are fully accessible. Additionally, this paper provides an analysis of computational performance, ablation experiments on delta-base modeling, and application scenarios for the proposed benchmark. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Refining

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A systematic review of the variability of freshly-emitted and aged black carbon based on various measurement techniques

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 177872页

作者： Wu, Bobo Wu, Zichun Dou, Jiahang Yao, Zhiliang Shen, Xianbao Wang, Ao Li, Long Hao, Xuewei Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing100048 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing100048 China

Black carbon (BC) poses acute negative health and environmental impacts. Accurate BC quantification is important for assessing its impacts and developing effective control strategies. However, the unclear optical properties and numerous methods of BC restrict its accurate quantification. Elemental carbon (EC), refractory black carbon (rBC), and equivalent black carbon (eBC) are terminology used for BC quantification by various techniques, with an essential parameter of mass absorption cross-section (MAC) characterizing its optical properties. This review summarizes the measurement principles, along with the advantages, limitations, and uncertainties of mainstream instruments used for BC quantification, based on findings from numerous studies. Then, we categorically compared the MAC of BC for different emission sources and regions, and those are not consistent. The MAC values of freshly-emitted and aged BC are both influenced by the combustion sources, while the transport process present significant impact on aged BC. Average MAC values of BC for urban, rural, and other areas are 10.1 ± 3.7 m2/g, 13.4 ± 5.7 m2/g, and 13.7 ± 8.2 m2/g at 550 nm, respectively. Furthermore, we systematically explored the relationship between eBC, EC, and rBC of freshly-emitted and aged BC to establish unambiguous links between these terms. Averaged mass ratios of eBC/EC, eBC/rBC and EC/rBC are 0.81, 0.94, and 1.32 for freshly-emitted BC, 1.17, 2.14, and 1.60 for aged BC, respectively. Overall, it is urgent to establish standard methods for accurate BC quantification in the future to reduce the uncertainty of quantitative results by different techniques. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Carbon sequestration

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Enhanced immobilization of trace nickel by nanoplastic-Fe-Mn oxide complexes in sedimentary systems

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 177913页

作者： Wang, Lijuan Wang, Siqing Ren, Pengju Li, Jiangpeng Lu, Xiao Li, Wenqiu Tang, Yuanyuan State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology 1088 Xueyuan Blvd Nanshan District Shenzhen518055 China

Fe/Mn oxides are widely distributed mineral components in marine sediments and act as significant scavengers of trace metals. The emergence of plastic-rock complexes has led to an increasing recognition that plastics may influence the environmental behavior of minerals. Plastics, especially nanoplastics, can affect the formation of Fe/Mn oxides and their ability to immobilize heavy metals. In this study, the role of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) in the mineralization of Fe[sbnd]Mn oxides and their effects on the immobilization of heavy metals (using Ni(II) as an example) at the trace concentrations in the environment were investigated. Characterization analysis indicated that PS NPs not only adsorb Fe and Mn ions from the environment through electrostatic attraction (the force that draws together objects with opposite electrical charges) but also serve as a substrate for the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of Fe[sbnd]Mn oxides. The large specific surface area of the PS NPs provides a site for the growth of Fe[sbnd]Mn. This results in smaller particle sizes and larger specific surface areas for the generated Fe[sbnd]Mn oxides. Consequently, Fe-PS-Mn@SiO2 exhibits significantly greater adsorption efficiency for Ni(II) under various environmental conditions (such as different pH and salinity) compared to Fe-Mn@SiO2. Additionally, Fe-PS-Mn@SiO2 remained stable under sunlight at 60 °C over 1.5 years. These findings presented new insights into the impact of NPs on mineral formation and environmental behavior, expanding our understanding of the actual fate of NPs in sediment environments. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Heavy metals

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Cost-Effective Mapping of Hyperlocal Air Pollution Using Large-Scale Mobile Monitoring and Land-Use Machine Learning

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第2期2卷 151-161页

作者： Tie Zheng Yifan Wen Sheng Xiang Pan Yang Xuan Zheng Yan You Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China；College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macau 999078 China；National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Macao 999078 China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China；State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China；Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies Beijing 100084 China

The advent of large-scale mobile monitoring using fast-response instruments has enabled hyperlocal mapping (≤100 m) of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), with important implications for air quality management. However, most related studies have been confined within small areas due to the high cost and labor intensity. This study pioneers a cost-effective TRAP mapping method by incorporating large-scale mobile monitoring and land-use machine learning (LUML). Here, over 4.6 million 1 Hz high-frequency measurements (∼1300 h) were collected on a part of major roadways in the Chinese megacity of Shenzhen. Unmeasured locations were estimated by LUML models to reduce measurement costs and labor intensity. Various ML algorithms and varying spatial aggregation segment lengths were incorporated to optimize the model performance. Hyperlocal maps of NO, NO2, and PM2.5were predicted across the entire road network covering over 1700 km2. Based on our results, LU-RF (random forest) for mapping NO and NO2and LU-GBM (Gradient Boosting Machine) for mapping PM2.5, demonstrated superior performance. Deep learning models, in contrast, did not yield comparable results. Finer partitioning of road segments (≤100 m) improved NO prediction performance, but worsened that for NO2and PM2.5. By deployment of optimal ML algorithms and segment lengths, the TRAP mapping accuracy increased by 20–80% compared to conventional land-use regression models. This study provides a promising and cost-effective approach to hyperlocal air pollution mapping and management in cities worldwide.

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Insight into the Compound Risk of Decabromodiphenyl Ethane and Cadmium to Soil Health in Agroecosystems: From Soil Quality to Plant Health

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Han, Yanna Zhao, Xuan Qiao, Zhihua Liang, Weiyu Liu, Tianzi Peng, Cheng Zhang, Wei State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resource and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China

Soil serves as the habitat for numerous organisms and is increasingly threatened from contamination of novel brominated flame retardant (NBFRs) and heavy metals (HMs), which have emerged as global problems in terrestrial ecosystems. Focusing on Deca-bromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and cadmium (Cd) as the targets, we constructed a soil-lettuce-earthworm microcosm to explore the effects of co-pollution on properties, microbial communities and elemental cycling genes in rhizosphere soils. Co-pollution initially affected soil properties and Cd fractionation, increasing ecological risks. In turn, the normal elemental cycle was also disturbed. Notably, C cycling was inhibited in soil, as evidenced by decreased sucrase activity, cation exchange capacity, and C cycling genes, leading to a reduction in bioavailable C sources. Meanwhile, soil N-cycling genes and denitrification processes were significantly inhibited, while nitrification was enhanced. In addition, co-pollution disrupted the structure of soil microbiota, reducing community cooperation and stability. Ultimately, the lack of nutrient uptake by soil organisms interfered with the normal growth of plants, exhibiting the compound risks caused by both DBDPE and Cd in soil. This study extended the current knowledge of ecological and health risks caused by NBFRs and HMs co-pollution in soil-plant-animal agroecosystems. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soil pollution

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Systematic evaluation of soil-based zeolite materials for the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated water bodies

Soil and Environmental Health

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Soil and Environmental Health 2025年第2期3卷

作者： Chu, Zheting Tang, Huan Liang, Jiaxin Li, Jing Yang, Dazhong Wang, Ranhao Chen, Hong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China

The synthesis of a diverse framework structure of zeolite materials using abundant natural soils as raw materials showcases the implementation of green chemistry principles and their feasibility for environmental engineering. However, no systematic evaluation of the soil-based zeolite materials for the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated water bodies has been conducted. Herein, using the widely spread Chinese red soil and loess as raw materials, we have successfully synthesized eight zeolite materials and established a novel soil-based zeolite library. All eight zeolite types had different adsorption capacity for 10 metal(loid) ions, including As(III), As(V), Cd, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The selectivity regarding different metal(loid) ions of zeolites was influenced by their framework structures, pH, speciation, and concentration of coexisting ions. A mechanism study revealed that ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and chemical precipitation synergistically contribute to the interactions between soil-based zeolite materials and metal(loid)s. This work demonstrated the construction of a soil-based zeolite library from natural soils in line with green chemistry principles. Systematic metal(loid) adsorption data for diverse water bodies were presented, including deionized, tap, sea and river water. The information is important for future engineering application of soil-based zeolites in metal(loid)-contaminated water or soil remediation. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Adsorption capacity As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn Contaminated soils Green chemistry Heavy metals or metalloids Ion exchange Red soil and loess Remediation Speciation and pH

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Acriflavine-based ionic covalent organic frameworks for adsorption-assisted photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 512卷

作者： Zhou, Yun-Jie Liu, Jing-Qi Cao, Dong-Xiao Feng, Xue-Nan Tang, An-Na Jiang, Hong-Xin Kong, De-Ming State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition Research Centre for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety Laboratory of Environmental Factors Risk Assessment of Agro-Product Quality Safety Ministry of Agriculture Tianjin300191 China Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control Ministry of Ecology and Environment Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences Tianjin300191 China

Ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) have drawn considerable attention because of their high surface charge, excellent self-dispersion, and facile stripping properties, making them versatile materials in various applications. However, the variety of reported iCOFs remains limited, with many exhibiting significant steric hindrances at ionic sites, underscoring the importance of developing new iCOFs to expand this family. In this study, we demonstrate that the inexpensive dye acriflavine (AF) is a promising candidate monomer for iCOF synthesis. By combining AF with different aldehyde monomers, we synthesized three novel AF-based iCOFs, which readily self-strip into nanosheets, thereby fully exposing the active sites and reducing mass transfer pathways. Among these, AF-Tp, characterized by its abundant C=O groups, exhibits the best performance in dealing with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) pollution, attributed to its broader light absorption range, narrower bandgap, and enhanced Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. The complete reduction of highly toxic Cr(VI) to Cr(III), an essential micronutrient for humans, is realized within a remarkably short duration of just 15 min through an adsorption-assisted photocatalytic reduction mechanism. Through experiments and theoretical calculations, the corresponding working mechanisms and structure–function relationships were elucidated. This study not only introduces a new monomer for iCOFs synthesis but also advances their applications in environmental remediation and industrial wastewater treatment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Acriflavine Hexavalent chromium Ionic covalent organic frameworks Nanosheets Photocatalysis

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Constructing multi-active sites of LDH-derived MnCoFe layered mixed oxide catalysts for simultaneous removal of NO and toluene

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Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2025年 377卷

作者： He, Xinhua Shen, Boxiong Gao, Jiaqi Ji, Yaqin Wu, Meihong Wang, Fumei Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300350 China

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and toluene are air pollutants emitted from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes. Simultaneous removal of NOx and toluene using the NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit has proved to be a promising technology. Composite metal oxides have been widely studied for the simultaneous catalytic abatement of NOx and toluene. However, the catalytic applications of this process and the synergetic effect of multi-metal centers on their reactivity are unclear. In this study, mixed metal oxide catalysts with a two-dimensional layered structure, composed of Mn-Co-Fe-layered double oxide (LDO), were prepared by the co-precipitation method for the simultaneous removal of NO and toluene. The MnCoFe-LDO catalyst demonstrated the best synergistic catalytic performance, with 91 % NO conversion and 93 % toluene conversion, along with over 90 % selectivity for both N2 and CO2 at 200 ℃. The synergistic interaction between Mn, Co and Fe facilitated electron transfer during the redox process and increased reactive oxygen species and acid sites, resulting in the effective simultaneous removal of toluene and NO. The transformation of Mn3+ + Co3+ to Mn4+ + Co2+ promoted NO reduction, while the transformation of Mn3+ + Fe3+ to Mn4+ + Fe2+ promoted toluene oxidation. Density of states (DOS) analysis further demonstrated that the efficient assembly of Mn, Co and Fe elements improved the electron conduction efficiency and facilitated rapid electron transfer. The mechanism revealed mutual inhibition between the SCR reaction and toluene oxidation due to both toluene and NH3 being more readily adsorbed on Co sites, engaging in competitive adsorption with approximate adsorption energies. The interaction of NH3, NO2, and nitrate with benzaldehyde and benzoic acid formed inactive by-products, such as nitrile and amide, which hindered the deep oxidation of toluene, reduction of NO, and conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde as the rate-limiting step in the o

关键词： Redox reactions

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Gut symbiotic bacteria enhance reproduction in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by regulating juvenile hormone III and 20-hydroxyecdysone pathways

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Microbiome 2025年第1期13卷 1-17页

作者： Chu, Bo Ge, Shishuai He, Wei Sun, Xiaoting Ma, Jiajie Yang, Xianming Lv, Chunyang Xu, Pengjun Zhao, Xincheng Wu, Kongming Henan International Joint Laboratory of Green Pest Control College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China School of Resources and Environment Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Institute of Applied Ecology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China College of Tropical Crops Hainan University Haikou China State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture Henan University Kaifeng China Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management Tobacco Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Qingdao China

The insect gut microbiota forms a complex, multifunctional system that significantly affects phenotypic traits linked to environmental adaptation. Strong reproductive potential underpins the migratory success, population growth and destructive impact of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). However, the precise role of gut bacteria in S. frugiperda reproductive processes, distribution and transmission dynamics remains unclear. We examined the gut microbiota of S. frugiperda a major invasive agricultural pest, identifying Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella as core microorganisms present throughout its life cycle. These microbes showed heightened activity during the egg stage, early larval stages and pre-oviposition period in females. Using an axenic insect re-infection system, Enterococcus quebecensis FAW181, Klebsiella michiganensis FAW071 and Enterobacter hormaechei FAW049 were found to significantly enhance host fecundity, increasing egg production by 62.73%, 59.95%, and 56.71%, respectively. Metagenomic and haemolymph metabolomic analyses revealed a positive correlation between gut symbiotic bacteria and hormone metabolism in female S. frugiperda. Further analysis of metabolites in the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway, along with exogenous injection of juvenile hormone III and 20-hydroxyecdysone, revealed that gut microbes regulate these hormones, maintaining levels equivalent to those in control insects. This regulation supports improved fecundity in S. frugiperda, aiding rapid colonization and population expansion. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of gut bacteria E. quebecensis FAW181, E. hormaechei FAW049, and K. michiganensis FAW071 in enhancing S. frugiperda reproduction by modulating JH III levels through JHAMT regulation and concurrently modulating the levels of 20E and its precursors via PHM. Our results provide novel insights into microbe–host symbiosis and pest management strategies for alien invasive species.

关键词： 20-hydroxyecdysone Fall armyworm Fecundity Gut bacteria Juvenile hormone III

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