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Advanced porous thermoelectric materials:Design,construction,and application

Nano Research 2025年第4期18卷 469-492页

作者： Ruoyan Li Bangzhi Ge Chongjian Zhou State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Thermoelectric(TE)technology,capable of converting heat directly into electricity,holds great promise for applications requiring efficient energy output,such as wearable devices and aerospace ***,the widespread use of traditional TE materials is limited by challenges such as high density,brittleness,and coupling of thermoelectric *** TE materials offer a potential solution by enabling lightweight,enhancing mechanical flexibility,and reducing thermal conductivity by rational design and precise control of the pore *** review examined recent advances in the construction of optimized pore structures,including the size,distribution,and *** summarized the state-of-the-art synthesis and classification for porous TE materials,highlighting methods for tuning pore configurations to enhance TE ***,we also collected the cutting-edge device ensemble strategies and demonstrated their application such as aerospace,temperature management,and medical ***,we took an outlook on the rational and intelligent design of pore structures and their integration into systems for energy *** review provides new understanding of mechanisms and designs for porous TEs,and also offers valuable guidance for the development of next-generation materials and their application in innovative self-powered systems.

关键词： thermoelectric pores synthesis methods mechanical properties applications

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A sol-gel strategy of constructing nanosized Hf6Ta2O17 encapsulated graphite flakes and its enhancement on the ablation property of carbon/carbon composites

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第1期204卷 292-301页

作者： Guanghui Feng Ruoxi Zhang Xiyuan Yao Hejun Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Herein,nanosized Hf6Ta2O17 encapsulated graphite flakes were firstly constructed using the sol-gel method,then deposited on the surface of carbon/carbon(C/C)composites by plasma spraying technique to prolong their service span in critical *** results affirmed the active influ-ence of graphite flakes on elevating the toughness of the Hf6Ta2O17 ***,after being exposed to the oxyacetylene torch with a peak temperature of about 2000 ℃,the sample achieved near zero ab-lation(0.06 mg/s),meanwhile its porosity and mass ablation rate showed 39.5％and 60.0％reduction when compared to pure Hf6Ta2O17 *** exposure,the external Hf6Ta2O17 served as an oxy-gen barrier for internal graphite flakes,inversely internal graphite flakes provided a"pinning"effect on external Hf6Ta2O17,which accounted for its exceptional ablation *** work offers a new insight into the design of surface modification of C/C composites and other high-temperature structural materials.

关键词： Carbon/carbon composites Encapsulation structure High-temperature properties Thermal analysis

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Enhanced 3D printing and crack control in melt-grown eutectic ceramic composites with high-entropy alloy doping

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第6期209卷 64-78页

作者： Zhonglin Shen Haijun Su Minghui Yu Yinuo Guo Yuan Liu Hao Jiang Xiang Li Dong Dong Peixin Yang Jiatong Yao Min Guo Zhuo Zhang Wei Ren State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Singapore State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature SuperconductorsInternational Center for Quantum and Molecular StructuresShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing *** the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification *** strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the *** ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al2O3/GdAlO3(GAP)/ZrO2 ceramic *** high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and *** to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt ***,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer ***,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase *** HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased *** innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Eutectic ceramic composite High entropy alloy doping

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Controlling interfacial lubrication:Modulating MXene-based hydrogel properties with near-infrared light

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Friction 2025年第4期13卷 61-71页

作者： Nan Zhao Guoqiang Liu Pengi Wu Jinglun Guo Xuqing Liu Feng Zhou Weimin Liu Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials State Key Laboratory of Solidification ProcessingNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Stimulus-responsive polymers have steadily grown in significance over the past few decades,with extensive research dedicated to the intelligent design of friction materials inspired by natural *** this study,we introduce a hydrogel system,CS-MXene@P(AAc-CaAc-co-HEMA-Br)@PSPMA(M-PAAc@PSPMA),that adeptly modulates its modulus across temperature variations,subsequently influencing the interface friction *** integration of CS-MXene as a photothermal agent facilitates interface temperature modulation under near-infrared(NIR)light *** manipulating the temperature,the modulus of the P(AAc-CaAc-co-HEMA-Br)hydrogel can be effectively ***,the poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium)(PSPMA)polyelectrolyte brush further refines the lubricating attributes of the *** ambient conditions,the hydrogel is characterized by a low modulus,heightened flexibility,diminished strength,and a friction coefficient of approximately *** contrast,under NIR irradiation,the modulus,hardness,and strength of the hydrogel increased,and the friction coefficient decreased to approximately *** innovative hydrogel system offers advanced friction control by modulating its modulus,setting a precedent for the future development of intelligent lubricant hydrogels,interface detection,and regulated transmission.

关键词： friction control phase separation photothermal hydrogel near-infrared(NIR)light MXene

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Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of large-size AZ31 magnesium alloy block fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2025年第3期13卷 1187-1202页

作者： Wenzhe Yang Haiou Yang Kuitong Yang Xinghua Wang Chenghui Hu Xin Lin State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072PR China Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang 471023PR China

With the urgent demand for lightweight and integrated structural parts in the aerospaceﬁeld,the use of cold metal transfer wire arc additive manufacturing(CMT-WAAM)to form large-size magnesium alloy structural parts has become a research *** this paper,a large AZ31 magnesium alloy multilayer block with a lower porosity was successfully prepared by *** AZ31 block exhibits a fully equiaxed grain morphology,the average grain diameters of the top,middle,and bottom are 16.1μm,12.4μm,and 10.4μm,*** submicron spherical particles measuring 0.09 to 0.4μm are Mg17Al12 phases,irregular particles are Al8Mn5+Mg17Al12 composite phases and large particles measuring 5 to 10μm are Al8Mn5 in AZ31 *** UTS of CMT-WAAM AZ31 block from the bottom of 239.9±5.0 MPa to the top of 237.3±3.1 MPa,and the EL from the bottom of 22.7±0.6%to the top of 30.0±1.1%,exceeding the casting *** the CMT-WAAM processed AZ31 alloy,the pre-existing coarse second phase particles in the AZ31ﬁlaments acted as nucleating agents,and the electromagnetic stirring effect in the WAAM process broke up the dendrites and increased the number density of nucleation sites to improve the rate of nucleation,and the complex thermal conditions in the WAAM process restricted the growth of the grains and the precipitated *** mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy were improved by effectively reﬁning its grain size and precipitated phase size.

关键词： Additive manufacturing AZ31 magnesium alloy Microstructure Mechanical property

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Effect of order–disorder transition on thermodynamic and electronic properties of σ and χ phases in W–Re alloy: the first-principles calculation

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 195-213页

作者： Zhi-Peng Zhu Dian Jia William Yi Wang Jun-Lei Yin Xing-Yu Gao Shu-Feng Yang Hai-Feng Song Jin-Shan Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

The Tungsten-Rhenium(W-Re) alloys,celebrated for their high melting point,strength at elevated temperatures,electrical resistivity,and radiation resistance,have been widely utilized in high-temperature components,aerospace,electronics,and nuclear *** constituents of the topologically close-packed(TCP) phases,the sigma phase(σ) and chi phase(χ) formed within W-Re alloys wield considerable influence on the mechanical properties and the stability of the *** calculations were utilized in the present work to explore the structural,thermodynamic,and electronic properties of both ordered and disordered configurations within the σ and χ phases,culminating in a systematic elucidation of the higher phase stability exhibited by the ordered *** is found that the bulk modulus of these two phases is directly proportional to the concentration of Re in the alloy,while the equilibrium volume is inversely *** thermodynamic parameters of the σ and χ phases are calculated via the mean-field potential *** similar trends observed in the isobaric heat capacity,enthalpy increment,and entropy change curves for these two phases suggest they possess comparable thermodynamic *** is noteworthy that the contribution of ionic vibrations predominantly affects the isobaric heat capacity,while the contribution of thermal electronic excitations increases linearly with *** the structure and thermodynamic properties of TCP phases in W-Re alloys at low temperatures has profound significance for optimizing material performance,microstructures features,establishing theoretical foundations,and predicting material behavior.

关键词： First-principles calculations Phase stability Thermodynamic properties W-Re alloy TCP phases

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Carbon dots-engineered gold nanoclusters in silica enabled aqueous phase fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission towards advanced luminescent anti-counterfeiting

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Nano Research 2025年第2期18卷 858-868页

作者： Xiaojian Yan Lin Wang Wencheng Zhong Ximeng Wang Wenxing Gao Li Shang State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Shenzhen 518057China

Development of new anti-counterfeiting technology with dynamic optical signals has drawn great attention,but the use of multiple external stimulus or long-time light irradiation inevitably increases the operation complexity and limits the practical *** this work,we report the design of new fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission materials based on carbon dots(CDs)-engineered gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)in silica for advanced luminescent *** particular,co-encapsulation of phosphorescent CDs and fluorescent AuNCs by rigid silica matrix enables the construction of a dual-emission system(AuNCs/CDs@SiO_(2))in aqueous *** AuNCs/CDs@SiO_(2) composite displayed significant fluorescence color change based on inner filter effect,as confirmed by in-depth spectral and photophysical *** reversible and dynamic color switching between magenta fluorescence and green phosphorescence was easily achieved by simply switching on/off the ultraviolet(UV)*** utility of dual-emitting AuNCs/CDs@SiO_(2) as novel dynamic anti-counterfeiting materials has been successfully demonstrated,including anti-counterfeiting ink,ink-free optical printing film,and information *** present aqueous-phase fluorescence-phosphorescence dual-emission system exhibits two types of anti-counterfeiting mode without introducing external stimulus,increasing the difficulty of imitation and *** work provides a straightforward and generable strategy to design advanced optical anti-counterfeiting materials by combining phosphorescent materials with other fluorophores via reasonable engineering strategy.

关键词： gold nanoclusters carbon dots fluorescence phosphorescence anti-counterfeiting

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Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B2 coatings for carbon/carbon composites and structural optimization enabling superior ablation resistance

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第1期204卷 115-126页

作者： Junshuai Lv Wei Li Tao Li Ben Gao Jiachen Li Yanqin Fu Lingxiang Guo Yulei Zhang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light-Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification ProcessingNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Henan Key Laboratory of High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Institute of Carbon Matrix CompositesHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light-Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification ProcessingNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Henan Key Laboratory of High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Institute of Carbon Matrix CompositesHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China

Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B2 potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based *** we deposited(Hf0.5-x/2Zr0.5-x/2Tax)B2(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,and investigated their ablation behaviors under an oxyacetylene torch with a heat flux of 2.4 MW *** was observed that the x=0.1 oxide scale bulged but was denser,and the x=0.2 oxide scale was blown away due to the formation of excessive *** on these findings,we further de-veloped a duplex(Hf-Zr-Ta)B2 coating that showed a linear recession rate close to zero(0.11 pm s-1)after two 120-s ablation *** is identified that the resulting oxide scale is mainly composed of(Hf,Zr)6Ta2O17 and(Hf,Zr,Ta)O2 by performing aberration-corrected(scanning)transmission electron *** protective mechanism is related to the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-(Hf,Zr)6Ta2O17 to tetragonal-(Hf,Zr,Ta)O2 plus Ta-dominated *** study contributes to the develop-ment of Ta-containing multicomponent UHTC bulk and coatings for ultra-high temperature applications.

关键词： C/C composites Coating Multicomponent Ultra-high temperature ceramics Ablation resistance

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Crystallographic micro-mechanism of faceted crack initiation in near-αtitanium alloy Ti6321 under room-temperature fatigue and dwell fatigue loadings

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第2期205卷 109-126页

作者： Wenyuan Zhang Qiaonan Shu Jiangkun Fan Panpan Fan Xiangyi Xue Peng Jiang Minjie Lai Bing Tang Zhiqian Liao Hongchao Kou Jinshan Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Thermoforming Technology of Advanced Metal Materials Xi'an 710072China Chongqing Innovation Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityChongqing 401135China Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang 471000China

Crack initiation mechanism of dwell fatigue has always been a key problem in rationalizing the dwell effect,and it is not completely understood *** study conducted stress-controlled low-cycle fatigue and dwell fatigue tests on Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo alloy with bimodal microstructure to reveal its microstruc-tural characteristics and crack initiation *** study demonstrated that the faceted primaryα nodules located near the specimen surface acted as crack initiation sites during both fatigue and dwell fatigue *** trace analysis revealed that faceted cracking occurred at(0001)basal plane with the maximum Schmid factor value through a special cracking mode referred to as(0001)twist boundary *** criteria of parameters C1 and C2 were proposed based on experimental observation and molecular dynamics simulations,which well identify candidates for(0001)twist boundary crack *** demonstrated that grain pairs combining a moderately high Schmid factor for basal slip and a well-orientated Burgers vector in the out-of-surface plane was the preferable location for surface(0001)twist-boundary crack initiation,and grain pairs combining a high Schmid factor for basal slip and a high normal stress on basal plane are perfect candidates for subsurface *** on this,phenomeno-logical models are proposed to explain the surface(0001)twist-boundary cracking mechanism from the perspective of surface extrusion-intrusion-induced micro-notches.

关键词： Titanium alloy Dwell fatigue Facet Fatigue crack initiation Crystallographic orientation

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Collaborative enhancement of thermal diffusivities and mechanical properties of C_(sf)-Cu/Mg composites via introducing Cu coating with different thicknesses

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2025年第1期13卷 229-242页

作者： Yuan Ma Lingjun Guo Jiancheng Wang Baolin Chen Lehua Qi Hejun Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710072PR China School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710072PR China

Mg alloy matrix composites reinforced with short carbon fibers(C_(sf)/Mg)are considered as potential candidates for integrated structural-functional electronic parts that satisfy the requirements of lightweight,excellent mechanical properties,and heat ***,the different characteristics of C_(sf)and Mg alloy make the interface a critical issue affecting the synergistic improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of the ***,Cu coating with different thicknesses is introduced to modify the C_(sf)/Mg interface,so as to simultaneously enhance the thermal and mechanical performances,which can combine the advantages of coating modification and matrix *** reveal that thermal diffusivity(TD)of 3-C_(sf)-Cu/Mg composites is as high as 22.12 mm^(2)/s and an enhancement of 52.97%is achieved compared with C_(sf)/Mg composites,as well as 16.3%enhancement of ultimate compressive strength(UCS)in the longitudinal direction,8.84%improvement of UCS in the transverse direction,and 53.08%increasement of ultimate tensile strength(UTS).Such improvement can be ascribed to the formation of intermetallic *** formation of intermetallic compounds can not only effectively alleviate the lattice distortion of the matrix and decrease interfacial thermal resistance,but also bear the *** work is of great significance for designing C_(sf)/Mg composites with integrated structure and function.

关键词： Magnesium matrix composites Cu coating thickness Intermetallic compounds Thermal performances Mechanical properties

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