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Species delimitation in the fern genus Lemmaphyllum (Polypodiaceae) based on multivariate analysis of morphological variation

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植物分类学报 2013年第4期51卷 485-496页

作者： Xue-Ping WEI Xian-Chun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

The species delimitation of Lemmaphyllum, including the former segregated Lepidogrammitis in China, was considered as unresolved. Previous treatments accepted between one and 20 species. In the present study, multivariate analysis and maximum parsimony analyses were carried out on data from herbarium specimens of this genus by evaluating 24 quantitative characters and 13 qualitative characters. In total, 558 specimens representing 11 previously accepted species and one variety in China were studied. As a result, three species and two varieties were recognized, Lemmaphyllum pyriforme, L. rostratum, L. carnosum, L. carnosum var. microphyllum, and L. carnosum var. drymoglossoides. Two new combinations and seven new synonyms were introduced. An identification key and distribution maps were provided. This study also elucidated the diagnostic value of two previously ignored characters, scales at the base of stipe and laminae hydathodes.

关键词： hydathodes Lepidogrammitis morphological characters scales species delimitation taxonomy

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Taxonomic revision of the Symplocos nakaharae complex (Symplocaceae) with special reference to fruit morphology

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植物分类学报 2013年第1期51卷 94-114页

作者： Bo LIU Hai-Ning QIN State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Over 70 species and infraspecific taxa have been described in the Symplocos nakaharae (Hayata) Masam. complex (Symplocaceae), and the taxonomy of this complex has been controversial. To provide a rational taxonomic revision of the complex, extensive field observations were carried out and approximately 800 herbarium specimens, covering the whole distribution range, were examined to evaluate the taxonomic importance of morphological characteristics. Our studies recognized 13 species and one subspecies, including S. boninensis, S. henryi, S. kawakamii, S. lucida, S. nakaharae, S. migoi, S. multipes, S. pergracilis, S. setchuensis, S. shilanensis, S. tanakae, S. tetragona, S. theifolia, and S. lucida subsp. howii comb. nov. One new combination is made and two new synonyms, S. ernestii Dunn var. pubicalyx C. Chen syn. nov. and S. kuroki Nagam. syn. nov., are recognized. Two identification keys are provided, based primarily on flower and fruit characters. Detailed morphological descriptions and geographical distribution information of the 14 taxa are given.

关键词： fruit morphology Symplocaceae Symplocos nakaharae complex taxonomic revision

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Rediscovery of Cystoathyrium chinense Ching (Cystopteridaceae):Phylogenetic placement of the critically endangered fern species endemic to China

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植物分类学报 2014年第4期52卷 450-457页

作者： Ran WEI Xian-Chun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Cystoathyrium chinense Ching, the sole representative of Cystoathyrium, is a critically endangered species endemic to China with no more than 40 extant individuals. Until now, its systematic position and relationships among leptosporangiate ferns remained unknown. The present study assessed the phylogenetic relationships of Cystoathyrium chinense with potential relatives densely sampled using three chloroplast DNA markers (matK, rbcL, and trnG-R intergenic spacer). Our results support the inclusion of Cystoathyrium in Cystopteris. A hybrid origin hypothesis of Cystoathyrium chinense is neither supported nor rejected by the present study. According to our ancestral area reconstruction analysis, the disjunct distribution of Cystoathyrium and its closely related North American taxa may be attributed to the long-distance dispersal by way of Beringia. Consequently, a new combination (Cystopteris chinensis comb. nov.) is made, and the description is supplemented based on our new observations in the field.

关键词： Cystoathyrium Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris eastern Asian-North American disjunction hybridization hypothesis molecular phylogeny

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Five new species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China

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植物分类学报 2012年第6期50卷 574-576页

作者： Wen-Tsai WANG State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Elatostema wugangense ***,***.武冈楼梯草(***.1)(*** (***(o)rter) *** *** W.T Wang)Type:***:Wugang(武冈),Zhaomianshan(假面山),alt.1300 m,by stream in valley,1987-08-08,Wugang Tree Farm 1112 (holotype,PE).Latin diagnosis:Species nova haec est arcte affinis *** ***(o)rter,quod foliorum laminis subtus ad nervos puberulis,cystolithis majoribus usque ad 0.5 mm longis,bracteis staminatis saepe corniculatis haud costatis,bracteolis staminatis oblongis vel linearibus baud navicularibus,flore staminato 5-mero differt.

关键词：武冈楼梯

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Nucleotide diversity of 11S seed storage protein gene and its implications for ecological adaptation of Oryza nivara

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植物分类学报 2013年第6期51卷 641-651页

作者： Lei HUANG Yu-Su DU Xiao-Ming ZHENG Rong LIU Hai-Fei ZHOU Song GE State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

The mechanism by which a new species arises and adapts to its environment is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Seed characteristics such as seed size and nutrient composition are important fitness-related traits and have been shown to vary greatly among populations and species. However, the significance of variation in seed traits in plant adaptation and speciation remains unclear. We carried out a population genetic study on nucleotide variation of one 11S seed storage protein gene (Pss) of Oryza rufipogon Griff. and O. nivara Sharma & Shastry, two closely related wild rice species. By comparatively examining the genetic variation pattern of the regulatory and coding regions of Pss and fragments of six reference loci across different chromosomes, we found significantly lower polymorphisms at coding regions of the gene (PssI) in O. nivara relative to O. rufipogon. Neutrality tests indicated that the reduction of polymorphisms at PssI in O. nivara was caused by positive selection rather than population demography, implying a role of selection on the 11S seed protein gene. Further phylogenetic and principal component analyses also support the hypotheses that the origin of O. nivara was associated with the adaptive divergence on the coding region of Pss. It is most likely that higher reproductive effort would be favored when O. nivara arose from O. rufipogon populations and adapted to the environment change.

关键词： adaptive evolution nucleotide diversity Oryza nivara Oryza rufipogon 11S seed storage protein gene

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Evolution of the 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) gene family:Conserved evolutionary pattern and two new gene classes in gymnosperms

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植物分类学报 2012年第3期50卷 195-205页

作者： Hui GAO Dong-Mei GUO Wen-Juan LIU Jin-Hua RAN Xiao-Quan WANG State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

The 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is the branch point enzyme that channels the general phenylpropanoid metabolism into specific lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis *** engineering experiments on the 4CL gene have been carried out in many species,but the precise functions of different gene members are still *** investigate the evolutionary relationships and functional differentiation of the 4CL gene family,we made a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of this gene family from 27 species representing the major lineages of land *** phylogenetic analysis indicates that both vascular and seed plant 4CL genes form monophyletic groups,and that three and two 4CL classes can be recognized in gymnosperms and angiosperms,*** evolutionary rate and frequency of duplication of the 4CL gene family are much more conserved than that of the CAD/SAD (cinnamyl/sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase) gene family,which catalyzes the last step in monolignol *** may be due to different selective pressures on these genes whose products catalyze different steps in the biosynthesis *** addition,we found two new major classes of 4CL genes in gymnosperms.

关键词： 4CL functional divergence gene family evolution lignin biosynthesis

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evolutionary divergence of the APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER proteins

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植物分类学报 2012年第6期50卷 502-511页

作者： Bin WANG Ning ZHANG Chun-Ce GUO Gui-Xia XU Hong-Zhi KONG Hong-Yan SHAN State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Plant BiologyCenter for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Abstract APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) are a pair of paralogous genes that were generated through the pre-Brassicaceae whole-genome duplication event. AP1 and CAL have both partially redundant and unique functions. Previous studies have shown that the K and C regions of their proteins are essential for the functional divergence. However, which differences in these regions are the major contributors and how the differences were accumulated remain unknown. In the present study, we compared the sequences of the two proteins and identified five gaps and 55 amino acid replacements between them. Investigation of genomic sequences further indicated that the differences in the proteins were caused by non-synonymous substitutions and changes in exon–intron structures. Reconstruction of three-dimensional structures revealed that the sequence divergence of AP1 and CAL has resulted in differences between the two in terms of the number, length, position and orientation of α-helices, especially in the K and C regions. Comparisons of sequences and three-dimensional structures of ancestral proteins with AP1 and CAL suggest that the ancestral AP1 protein experienced fewer changes, whereas the ancestral CAL protein accumulated more changes shortly after gene duplication, relative to their common ancestor. Thereafter, AP1-like proteins experienced few mutations, whereas CAL-like proteins were not conserved until the diversification of the Brassicaceae lineage I. This indicates that AP1- and CAL-like proteins evolved asymmetrically after gene duplication. These findings provide new insights into the functional divergence of AP1 and CAL genes.

关键词： ancestral sequence inference APETALA1 CAULIFLOWER coding-sequence divergence gene duplication three-dimensional structure

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Regulatory pathways of CYC-like genes in patterning floral zygomorphy exemplified in Chirita pumila

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植物分类学报 2021年第3期59卷 567-580页

作者： Jing Liu Jie Wu Xia Yang Yin-Zheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Floral zygomorphy is thought of as an essential adaptation to specific *** CYCLOIDEA (CYC)-like genes belonging to the plant-specific TCP transcription factor family are the key regulators of floral *** expression differentiations bring about diverse forms of floral ***,the regulatory mechanism underlying their expression differentiation remains *** this study,we selected Chirita pumila ***,a zygomorphic member of Gesneriaceae,as a model to address this *** analysis shows that the CYC gene in *** (CpCYC) plays an important role in controlling floral *** functional investigation of CpCYC intron and 5'regulatory regions indicates that an 899 bp promoter region is a key determinant of the dorsal-specific expression of *** this region,using electrophoretic mobility shift assay and transient expression system,we identified three kinds of cis-regulatory elements with putative binding factors,that is,auxin responsive element,WRKY binding site,LEAFY binding site,and an element with an unknown binding *** undertook functional analyses of the two putative LEAFY binding sites,and found that LEAFY could directly activate and regulate CpCYC for its dorsal-specific expression in patterning floral *** research would shed significant light on the regulatory and evolutionary pathways underlying the spatial-specific expression of CYC-like genes for the development of zygomorphic flowers.

关键词： Chirita pumila CpCYC floral zygomorphy regulatory pathways transgenic line

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Production and evolution pattern of "fruity smell"aggregation pheromones in genus Drosophila

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植物分类学报 2022年第1期60卷 208-219页

作者： Wu-Fan Zhang Lu-Mei Liu Shan He Bin-Yan Lu Yi-Bo Luo State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Insects produce pheromones to serve a range of ecological functions throughout their *** chemical composition,production pattern,and interspecies specificity provide information for carrying out their function and biological *** species of Drosophila produce a class of volatile esters considered as"fruity smells";however,the production pattern and ecological functions of these "fruity smell" volatiles in genus Drosophila are poorly ***,using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method,we tested the production pattern of volatile pheromones in Drosophila immigrans and factors that possibly affected pheromone production,including mating,feeding conditions,age of adult flies,and geographical *** also explored the evolution and production pattern of volatile pheromones in 14 species of genus *** result showed that male *** adult flies produce three male-specific volatile ester pheromones,which are also considered as "fruity smell" chemicals,in a relatively stable *** addition,a series of "fruity smell"ester pheromones with similar structure and chemical properties were found to appear in the species of *** and *** species group,but not in the species of *** species *** ester volatile pheromone production of male flies has a correspondence with the female's demand for host *** the production and evolution pattern of these volatile chemicals,we inferred the interaction between insects and host plants reflected in the Drosophila "fruity smell" pheromones.

关键词： chemical communication insect pheromone plant-insect interaction plant volatile

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Phylogeny and classification of the Sematophyllaceae s.l.(Hypnales,Bryophyta)

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植物分类学报 2021年第3期59卷 524-540页

作者： Wei Han Yu Jia State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

The Sematophyllaceae s.l.(Sematophyllaceae ***.+ Pylaisiadelphaceae) is one of the most diversified families of pleurocarpous mosses,distributed *** familial definition and subfamilial delimitation of the family have been controversial since their *** analyses were carried out using Bayesian inference,maximum likelihood,and maximum parsimony *** molecular phylogenetic analysis using five molecular markers (nad5,rbcL,rps4,trnL-F,and 26S) from mitochondrial,chloroplast,and nuclear genomes revealed the paraphyly of the Pylaisiadelphaceae and the monophyly of Sematophyllaceae *** on the molecular and morphological evidence,the Sematophyllaceae *** further divided into six subfamilies,Taxithelioideae,lsopterygoideae,Pylaisiadelphoideae,Aptychelloideae,Platygyrioideae,and *** Taxithelioideae is established to accommodate Taxithelium,Taxitheliella,and Vernieri,the Isopterygoideae is established to accommodate Isopterygium and Yakushimabryum,the Pylaisiadelphoideae is newly circumscribed to accommodate Brotherella,Pylaisiadelpha,and Orientobryum,the Aptychelloideae is established to accommodate Aptychella,the Platygyrioideae is temporarily established to accommodate Clastobryella,Clastobryum,Gammiella,Platygyrium,and Trachyphyllum,the Sematophylloideae is resurrected to accommodate the Sematophyllaceae ***.,and Isocladiella,Isocladiellopsis,Mlastopoma,Heterophyllium,Pseudotrismegistia,Trismegistia,and Wijkia are transferred to the subfamily.A new classification for the Sematophyllaceae *** then proposed.

关键词： classification morphology phylogeny Pylasiadelphaceae Sematophyllaceae s.l

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