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Effect of ammonium ion on the corrosion behavior of Ni 2 FeCrMo 0.2 high-entropy alloy in simulated haze solution

Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2025年 37卷 146-156页

作者： Kai Wang Qilong Zhao Yanhui Li Ruidong Li Qipeng Xu State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region Xi'an University of Technology No.5 Jinhua South Road Xi'an 710048 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University No.229 Taibai North Road Xi'an 710069 China

Various constituents of PM 2.5 in haze can accelerate metal corrosion, but traditional carbon steel and stainless steel perform poorly in such complex corrosive environments, and thus developing new corrosion-resistant materials are of great importance for mitigating haze-induced corrosion. The corrosion behavior of Ni 2 FeCrMo 0.2 alloy in haze-simulating aqueous solutions containing various constituents of PM 2.5 in haze is investigated. By the coupling analysis of electrochemical experiments, corrosion morphology, and corrosion product film, the influence of NH 4 + concentration on the corrosion mechanism related to multi-principal metal elements is revealed. The results show that the Ni 2 FeCrMo 0.2 alloy exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared with 2205 duplex stainless steel. As the NH 4 + concentration increases, the corrosion rate increases initially but then decreases at higher NH 4 + concentrations, and the corrosion morphology also confirms this changing trend. The corrosion prompt is primarily due to the lower solution pH caused by the hydrolysis reaction of NH 4 + . In contrast, the corrosion inhibition at higher NH 4 + concentration is attributed to the passive film on the alloy surface, which is composed of Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, and their oxides, with the presence of Mo elements forming a unique structure that improved the density and stability of the film, thereby inhibiting the growth of corrosion pits. The changing trend of corrosion film resistance and corrosion product film thickness agrees well with this change in corrosion rate. This study provides an insightful understanding of the corrosion behavior of multi-principal alloy materials in haze environments, which is crucial for the corrosion protection design of metal equipment materials.

关键词： Haze constituents Corrosion High entropy alloy Passive film

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Effects of Inherent Aaems on Catalytic Gasification of Biomass with Large Particle Size Under Oxygen-Steam Atmosphere

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Jiyun Li, Yuhang Li, Yang Huang, Xiaole Jin, Xiaoling Yang, Chenglong Zhao, Hanchen Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institue Co. Ltd. Xi’an710032 China

Oxygen-steam gasification of biomass is a promising technology because of its ability to improve syngas quality and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a fixed-bed reactor is employed to assess the effects of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) on the catalytic gasification of candlenut wood with large particle size under oxygen-stream atmosphere. The results show that the acid-washing would remarkably remove the inherent AAEMs in biomass, which is affected by the grain direction. In terms of the gasified chars derived from acid-washed biomass, AAEMs content gradually decreases along the end surface and radial direction, which could also be observed from the 3D reconstruction of X-ray CT images. A large number of mesopores (20-30 μm) align along the grain direction in the biomass sample. Numerous micropores (10-20 μm), mesopores (20-30 μm), and macropores (30-50 μm) are present in the gasified char derived from the biomass sample. Micropores (10-20 μm) prevail in the gasified char from the acid-washed biomass sample. Inherent AAEMs facilitate an augmentation in char yield as well as BET and total pore volume of gasified char. AAEMs and grain direction have a slight effect on functional groups of gasified char. The tar component is remarkably affected by the grain direction. Acid-washing pretreatment augments the content and organic species of M2-M4 compounds (containing 2-4 benzene rings) in the tar. It also leads to a decrement in concentrations of H2, CH4, and CO2 by 14.49% and 13.35%, 0.51% and 0.89%, 2.32% and 1.37% in syngas for two-grain direction, respectively. But it raises the CO concentration by 17.1% and 15.18%, resulting in a reduction of 4.09% and 1.53% in syngas calorific value. A decrement in the volume fraction of CnHx induced from AAEMs is significantly affected by the grain direction. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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Effects of Inherent Aaems on Catalytic Gasification of Biomass with Large Particle Size Under Oxygen-Steam Atmosphere

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Jiyun Li, Yuhang Jin, Xiaoling Huang, Xiaole Li, Yang Deng, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institue Co. Ltd. Xi’an710032 China

Oxygen-steam gasification of biomass is a promising technology because of its ability to improve syngas quality and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a fixed-bed reactor is employed to assess the effects of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) on the catalytic gasification of candlenut wood with large particle size under oxygen-stream atmosphere. The results show that the acid-washing would remarkably remove the inherent AAEMs in biomass, which is affected by the grain direction. In terms of the gasified chars derived from acid-washed biomass, AAEMs content gradually decreases along the end surface and radial direction, which could also be observed from the 3D reconstruction of X-ray CT images. In all biomass samples and gasified chars, micropores (0-10 μm) dominate and are distributed along the grain direction. In general, pores of 20-30 μm and above 30 μm comprise a minor proportion. Inherent AAEMs facilitate an augmentation in char yield as well as BET and total pore volume of gasified char. AAEMs and grain direction have a slight effect on functional groups of gasified chars. The tar component is remarkably affected by the grain direction. Acid-washing pretreatment augments the content and organic species of M2-M4 compounds (containing 2-4 benzene rings) in the tar. It also leads to a decrement in concentrations of H2, CH4, and CO2 by 14.49% and 13.35%, 0.51% and 0.89%, 2.32% and 1.37% in syngas for two-grain direction, respectively. But it raises the CO concentration by 17.1% and 15.18%, resulting in a reduction of 4.09% and 1.53% in syngas calorific value. A decrement in the volume fraction of CnHx induced from AAEMs is significantly affected by the grain direction. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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Experimental study on dynamic mechanism of vortex evolution in a turbulent boundary layer of low Reynolds number

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第5期32卷 807-819页

作者： Yan-ang Guo Xiang-rui Dong Xiao-shu Cai Wu Zhou School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Shanghai Power Engineering Shanghai 200093China

The dynamic mechanism of the vortex generation and evolution process in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer with Reθ=97-194 is experimentally *** this study,a moving single-frame and long-exposure(MSFLE)imaging method and a moving particle image velocimetry/particle tracing velocimetry(M-PIV/PTV)are designed and implemented for measuring the temporal and spatial evolution of vortex cores in both qualitative and quantitative ways,*** the other hand,the Liutex vector,which is a new mathematical definition and identification of the vortex core proposed by Liu’s group,is first applied in the experiment for the structural visualization and quantitative analysis of the local fluid *** results show that an intuitional process of vortex evolution can be clearly observed by tracking the vortex using MSFLE and verify that the roll-up of the shear layer induced by shear instability is the origin of vortex formation in ***,a quantitative investigation in terms of the critical vortex core boundary(size)and its accurate rotation strength is carried out based on the Liutex vector field analysis by M-PIV/*** to statistics of the relation between vortex core size and the rotation strength during the whole process,the physical mechanism of vortex generation and evolution in a turbulent boundary layer of low Reynolds number can be summarized as a four-dominant-state course consisting of the“synchronous linear segment(SL)-absolute enhancement segment(AE)-absolute diffusion segment(AD)-skewing dissipation segment(SD)”.

关键词： Turbulent boundary layer high-and low-speed fluid vortex generation moving single-frame and long-exposure moving particle image velocimetry/particle tracing velocimetry Liutex vector

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Investigation on the Mechanism of Co2 Hydrate Formation by Synergistic Action of Kinetic Promoters

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Ni Leng, Jing Cui, Mengxue Yang, Liang School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093 China

CO2 hydrate technology has a promising application in carbon neutralization through carbon capture. In this paper, the effect of different mass concentrations of fullerene C60 and sodium lignosulfonate (SL) on the gas storage performance of CO2 hydrate was investigated. C60 can promote the best results at the concentration of 0.01 wt%. The induction time was 168 minutes, and the gas storage capacity was 56.60 V/V, which is 112.22% higher than that of pure water. This is due to the large specific surface area of C60 nanoparticles, which reduces the surface tension of the solution and increases the gas-liquid mass transfer rate. SL can promote the best results at the concentration of 0.1 wt%. The induction time was 1,908 minutes, and the gas storage capacity was 89.98 V/V, which is 2.37 times higher than that in the pure water system. This is because SL molecules possess abundant functional groups, high chemical reactivity, high elasticity and surface activity. The best compounding pair was in the experimental group of 0.01 wt% C60 with 0.1 wt% SL. The induction time was 60 minutes, and the gas storage capacity was 108.87 V/V. Therefore, both C60 and SL have a positive effect on CO2 hydrate formation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Investigation of the Solar-Driven Chemical Looping Methane Dry Reforming on Rh-Doped LaCeO3.5 Oxygen Carrier

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Li, Peng Gai, Zhongrui Zhang, Jinrui Rao, Qiong Tang, Sanli Shen, Yuanhui Pan, Ying Jin, Hongguang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The feasibility of a solar-driven chemical looping dry reforming of methane (DRM) process, which converts solar energy and methane into syngas via a looping material oxygen carrier is investigated experimentally. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments were firstly carried out to verify the effect of the Rh-doped LaCeO3.5 which were synthesized via modified Pechini method and incipient wetness method and the result shows that Rh greatly improved the reaction kinetics. Photo-TGA experiments were conducted to evaluate the light effect in chemical looping DRM. Under the light condition, the Rh-doped LaCeO3.5 shows higher methane conversion, oxygen extraction rate and CO selectivity compared with the undoped one, decreasing the apparent activation energy of the reaction at the same time. Insights obtained from the UV-Vis spectroscopy verified that the surface Rh under the light could promote the activation of surface methane species and increase the light absorbance. Meanwhile, the FEM methods were used to obtain the distributions of the temperature fields of the photo-TGA reactor through the calculation of the coupling of the fluid, reaction and temperature fields. In this way, the conversion mechanism of the solar, heating and chemical energy was illustrated and furthermore, the calculated surface reaction rate and the variation tendency of the outlet-gas were consistent with the experimental results. Through the integration of solar energy, a high methane to solar fuel conversion efficiency could be achieved. The proposed process has the potential to produce solar fuels at high efficiency with reduced carbon footprint. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Methane

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Study on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Based on Omnidirectional Guide Grids

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhou, Ye Xiandong, Li Hao, Yu Renhao, Ruan School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai200093 China

In order to analyze the influence of the structural parameters of the omnidirectional deflector on the aerodynamic performance of the vertical axis wind turbine, a combination of the inclination angle, relative distance, and thickness of the blade grid was designed to compare the influence of the structural parameters of the omnidirectional deflector on the aerodynamic performance of the vertical axis wind turbine under various tip speed ratio conditions. The results show that the wind power utilization rate and moment coefficient of the wind turbine under the effect of the omnidirectional deflector grille tend to increase and then decrease as the inclination angle increases, and the best effect on the wind turbine aerodynamic performance is achieved when the inclination angle is 0°, the wind turbine moment is greatly increased, and the range of effective operating conditions is expanded. When the inclination angle is 0° at all relative distances, the omnidirectional deflector grid can improve the pressure distribution of wind turbine blades, and the corresponding pneumatic performance improvement increases with the relative distance. When the relative distance is 2.6, the best effect on the wind turbine's aerodynamic performance is achieved. By changing the number of deflector blades and chord length to adjust the grid consistency, the vertical axis wind turbine aerodynamic performance curve under the action of the omnidirectional deflector shifts toward the direction of the large tip speed ratio as the grid consistency increases, and the corresponding wind energy utilization rate and torque coefficient peak are increasing and then decreasing when the chord length is 374mm (grid consistency is 0.267). When the chord length is 374mm (the blade thickness is 0.267), the best effect on the aerodynamic performance of the vertical axis wind turbine is achieved. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vertical axis wind turbine

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Estimation of particle depth from two defocused images using the Fourier transform

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Particuology 2020年第2期18卷 48-54页

作者： Wu Zhou Xu Luo Benting Chen Yukun Zhang Xiaoshu Cai School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093China

Depth from defocus is one technology for depth *** estimate particle depth information from two defocused images captured simultaneously by two coaxial cameras with different imaging *** images are processed with the Fourier transform to obtain the characteristic parameter(i.e.,the standard deviation of the relative blur kernel of these two defocused images).First,we theoretically analyze the functional relationship between the object depth and the standard deviation or variation of the relative blur ***,we verify the relationship *** analyze the influence of particle size,window size and image noise on the calibration curves using both numerical simulations and *** obtain the depth range and accuracy of this measurement system *** the verification experiments,we use a sample of glass microbeads and the irregularly-shaped dust particles on a microscope *** of these experiments present a suitable depth measurement ***,we apply the measuring system to the depth estimation of drops from a small anti-fogging *** results show that our system and image processing algorithm are robust for different types of particles,facilitating the in-line three-dimensional positioning of particles.

关键词： Depth from two defocused images Fourier transform Standard deviation of relative blur kernel Drops depth measurement Sensitivity and accuracy analysis

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Numerical Study of Multi-Factor Coupling Effects on Energy Conversion Performance of Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第2期23卷 507-528页

作者： Hao Li Cunlu Zhao Jinhui Zhou Jun Zhang Hui Wang Yanmei Jiao Yugang Zhao School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy fromthe salinity gradient ***,the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance,especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels,of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion *** numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors,including the nanochannel configuration,the temperature field,and the concentration difference,on the energy conversion processes of *** this work,a dimensionless amplitude parameter s is introduced to emulate the randomly varied wall configuration of nanochannels that inherently occur in practical applications,thereby enhancing the realism and applicability of our *** results reveal that the application of a temperature gradient,which is oriented in opposition to the concentration gradient,enhances the ion transportation and selectivity simultaneously,leading to an enhancement in both output power and energy conversion ***,the increased fluctuation of the nanochannel wall from s=0 to s=0.08 improves ion selectivity yet raises ion transport resistance,resulting in an enhancement in output power and energy conversion efficiency but a slight reduction in ***,with increasing the concentration ratio cH/cL from 10 to 1000,either within a fixed temperature field or at a constant dimensionless amplitude,the maximumpower consistently attains its optimal value at a concentration ratio of 100 but the cation transfer number experiences amonotonic decrease across this entire range of concentration ***,uponmodifying the ope

关键词： Salinity gradient energy nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis energy conversion nanochannel configuration multi-factor coupling effect

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Proposal and thermodynamic analysis of a steam methane reforming system integrated with thermochemical energy storage and a SCO2 brayton cycle

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 127卷

作者： Fu, Yu Liu, Ming Wang, Zhu Xie, Tao Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Institute of Industrial Catalysis School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Solar energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuels for providing heat in steam methane reforming (SMR) hydrogen production. However, the variability of solar energy requires effective storage solutions. This study presents a new SMR hydrogen production system that integrates thermochemical energy storage (TCES) utilizing a CaO/CaCO3 cycle with a SCO2 Brayton cycle. The system converts fluctuating solar energy into the stable chemical energy of CaO by calcinating CaCO3 in the solar calciner, with the SMR reaction mainly heated by the exothermic reaction of CaO and CO2. The SCO₂ Brayton cycle efficiently recovers heat from the high-temperature SMR products. Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and evaluation models are developed. Results show that the proposed system performs well, achieving energy and exergy efficiencies of 73.49 % and 78.46 %, respectively, under benchmark conditions. The energy storage efficiency of TCES is 81.55 %, and the solar-to-chemical energy efficiency is 48.21 %. Integrating TCES significantly enhances the system's steady operation under fluctuating solar energy conditions. The calciner accounts for the largest share of exergy destruction at 31.63 %, followed by the carbonator at 17.50 %. Sensitive analyses of key operating parameters indicate that higher CaO conversion rate and storage temperature enhance energy storage, energy, and exergy efficiencies. Besides, the energy and exergy efficiencies decrease with the increasing SMR reaction pressure but increase with rising reaction temperature. When the S/C is 2.0, these efficiencies reach their maximum values of 75.42 % and 78.63 %, respectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Brayton cycle

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