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Quantitative Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Laser Thermotherapy for Port-Wine Stains Through Reflectance Spectra Measurements and an Inverse Radiation Algorithm

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Zhongguo Jiguang/Chinese Journal of Lasers 2025年第9期52卷

作者： Li, Dong Li, Xiaoyang Zhang, Pengfei Chen, Bin Ying, Zhaoxia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control Shaanxi Xi’an710003 China

Objective Port-wine stains (PWS) are congenital vascular malformations caused by the abnormal dilation of capillaries and venules in the skin. Affecting 0.3%‒0.5% of newborns, PWS typically manifest as pinkish patches on the face and neck that darken and thicken over time, significantly impacting patients’physical and mental well-being. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy, based on selective photothermolysis, is the gold standard for PWS treatment. By targeting hemoglobin in abnormal blood vessels with specific wavelengths, PDL induces thermal damage to the vasculature while sparing surrounding tissues. However, due to variability in skin types, lesion depths, and laser parameters, clinical outcomes often depend on subjective evaluations and physician experience. These limitations underscore the urgent need for objective, quantitative, and noninvasive methods to assess skin structure and monitor treatment efficacy. This study integrates reflectance spectroscopy with an inverse Monte Carlo radiation method to quantify changes in key skin parameters before and after laser treatment. By measuring and reconstructing parameters such as epidermal thickness, melanin volume fraction, blood volume fraction, and blood oxygen saturation, this study establishes a robust framework for evaluating treatment outcomes and optimizing laser parameters. Additionally, it investigates differences in treatment responses between pediatric and adult patients, providing critical insights for personalized therapeutic strategies. Methods Eleven patients with PWS underwent pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy at a wavelength of 595 nm, with an energy density of 8 J/cm2 and a fixed spot diameter of 7 mm. Reflectance spectra of the skin were measured before and after treatment using an HR400 CG-UV-NIR spectrometer (Fig. 1). To enhance efficacy, a double-irradiation strategy was employed, in which the second laser exposure followed the first after five minutes. For spectral analysis, an inverse Monte Carlo r

关键词： Hemoglobin oxygen saturation

Enhanced Low-Temperature Behavior of Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nox by Co on Fe-Based Catalyst with Looping Oxygen Vacancy

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Pan, Yuqing Li, Na Li, Ke Ran, Shiyuan Wu, Chenyang Zhou, Qulan Liu, Jiyuan Li, Shuzhou State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Singapore138634 Singapore

The industrial applications of de-NOx require the high activity window of the catalysts to be shifted from high to low temperatures for energy saving. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by CO, as an alternative to NH3-SCR, is a promising de-NOx technology that facilitates the synergistic removal of pollutants. Herein, we report a new Fe2O3/amorphous SiO2 catalyst with high low-temperature activity for CO-SCR. A combination of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations obtains direct evidence that an optimal content of oxygen vacancy enhances the low-temperature NO conversion ratio and N2 selectivity of Fe2O3-based catalyst to over 80% and maintain 100% CO conversion by promoting NN coupling via ONNO/N2O and NCO/NNCO2 intermediates. Compared with conventional defect engineering, such as doping other metals or artificially generating oxygen defects, the α-Fe2O3 (110) facet automatically enables an oxygen vacancy generation-filling cycle in the CO-SCR reaction, following Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism. This work advances a fundamental understanding of CO-SCR reaction mechanism over Fe2O3-based catalysts and provides insights for future studies to improve heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxygen vacancies

Predicting self-diffusion coefficients of light gases in supercritical carbon dioxide: A molecular dynamics method

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The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 2025年 225卷

作者： Tongjia Zhang Bowei Zhang Jie Zhang Xiaoran Rong Hui Jin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 PR China

The methanation of CO 2 and supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) fracturing represent effective approaches for CO 2 utilization and greenhouse effect mitigation. In these process, light gases like H 2 , O 2 , CO, CH 4 are commonly involved. However, limited studies have focused on the diffusion behavior of these gases in scCO 2 under high-pressure conditions, as well as a shortage of self-diffusion coefficient data and prediction equations specifically designed for scCO 2 solvents. To address this gap, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to compute the self-diffusion coefficients of several light gases in scCO 2 across a wide temperature range (313 K–713 K) and at high pressures (75.994 bar, 101.325 bar and 126.656 bar) under infinitely dilute conditions. The effects of temperature, density, viscosity, molecular mass, and solute–solvent interaction energy on the self-diffusion behavior were systematically analyzed. Two empirical equations (a Speedy–Angell-type power-law equation and a newly developed equation incorporating temperature, density, and viscosity) were refitted based on simulation data. The overall relative errors are 4.52 % and 4.44 %, respectively, indicating an improved accuracy compared to conventional experimental and MD-based empirical equations.

关键词： Thermal conductivity

Recent advances in all-in-one flexible supercapacitors

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Science China Materials 2021年第1期64卷 27-45页

作者： Tiezhu Guo Di Zhou Wenfeng Liu Jinzhan Su Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education&International Center for Dielectric ResearchSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

The rise of personalized flexible electronics has promoted the rapid development of flexible supercapacitors due to their long service life,fast charging-discharging rates and safe *** from the traditional flexible supercapacitors,the all-in-one integrated flexible supercapacitors are more resistant to deformation and lower interface resistance,which have a broader application prospect in the field of flexible *** review briefly summarizes the preparation methods and electrochemical properties of some typical all-in-one supercapacitors,represented by planar and fibrous structures in recent ***,the basic understanding of traditional flexible supercapacitors and all-in-one integrated flexible supercapacitors,and the key parameters of the performance of flexible supercapacitors are ***,the hydrogel matrix all-in-one supercapacitors with different functional characteristics(stretchable,self-healing and compressible)and the nonhydrogel matrix(separator,flexible membrane)all-in-one supercapacitors are ***,the challenges and future development of flexible supercapacitors are considered.

关键词： flexible supercapacitors all-in-one hydrogel

Comparison of Lifetime Performance of Pemfc Stacks with Two Cooling Strategies Under Different Humidity

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yang, Yunjie Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Lv, Jizu Hu, Chengzhi Li, Yang Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Mechanical Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China

While reducing the size and Pt loading can achieve a lower proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack cost, it is also very important to focus on the performance changes of the PEMFC stack during the long-term operation. A 3D PtCo catalysts long-term performance model is established in this study, and PEMFC stacks with one cooling unit per cell (1-cell stack) and three cells (3-cell stack) are employed as the computational domains, respectively. The effective area of each cell is 50 cm2, and the changes in current density as well as effective catalytic area of PEMFC stacks with two cooling strategies before and after long-term operation under different humidity conditions are investigated at low Pt loadings. The results show that there are large differences in the output voltage and current density distributions between the three cells due to the poor membrane hydration affected by the non-uniform temperature distribution, although the 3-cell stack can significantly reduce the size. Localized catalyst degradation in both 3-cell and 1-cell stacks is closely related to the geometry of the cathodic flow field, and non-uniform catalyst degradation is found to increase the activation and mass transfer losses and change the distribution of current density within the membrane. In addition, the 3-cell stack is found to perform even better in terms of durability, especially under high humidity conditions, which provides a potential solution to improve the durability of PEMFC stacks operating in harsh conditions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Durability

Xct Images-Based Pore-Scale Numerical Investigation for Heat Transfer Using Copper Foam Filled with Paraffin Phase Change Material

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Xinyu Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Hu, Chengzhi Lyu, Jizu Huang, Heng Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Mechanical Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China

The principle of phase change heat transfer using copper foam in the paraffin phase change material (PPCM) are not well understood. In this study, based on X-ray computed tomography (XCT), three dimensional (3D) geometric model of copper foam was established, including PPCM domain. We developed a coupled fluid-solid model to explore phase change for heat transfer in the composite phase change material (CPCM) with copper foam and PPCM. The effects of phase change melting behavior, heat transfer characteristics and homogeneity of temperature were considered. Results of numerical simulation demonstrated that the CPCM had completely melted at 669.8 s. Here the melting time decreased by 45%, compared with the pure PPCM at 1218 s. The extensive heat transfer contact area was offered by the copper foam skeleton. Meanwhile, the melting durations of the CPCM ranged from 4368 s, 2236.3 s, 509.4 s, and 284.6 s corresponding to the heat fluxes with 500 W/m2, 1000 W/m2, 5000 W/m2, and 10000 W/m2. The melting process correlated directly with the heat flux, making it adaptable to the operational demands of diverse electronic components. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat flux

Novel Solid-state Hydrolysis Kinetics of Nabh4 for Stable and High-Capacity On-Line Hydrogen Production

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Jiawei Wu, Zhen Zheng, Jie Shi, Yu Xie, Lei Yang, Fusheng Wang, Yuqi Zhang, Zaoxiao School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi’an710069 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Sunan Institute for Molecular Engineering Peking University Jiangsu 215500 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow for Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Solid-state hydrolysis of NaBH4 could achieve high-capacity on-line hydrogen production. However, the stability of hydrogen production in the solid-state hydrolysis process has been questioned. In this paper, a novel kinetics is proposed for the solid-state hydrolysis behavior. The acceleration factor β is introduced into the traditional shrinking core model to reveal the relationship between "dissolution" and "catalytic hydrolysis" in the solid-state hydrolysis process. The comparison results show a good agreement between the model and experiment in the temperature range of 303.15-348.15 K. Meanwhile, the kinetics conclusions and product characterization indicated that the "excessive dissolution" of NaBH4 and the "dehydration of by-products" are two important factors contributing to the uncontrolled reaction. Based on the parametric analysis and experimental verification, the optimum temperature for solid-state hydrolysis is approximately 323.15 K. Besides, the adjustment of the water intake strategy to intermittent intake reduced water consumption by 36.6%. As a result, the hydrogen release capacity could be increased to as high as 5.49 wt.% (close to the U.S. Department of Energy 2025 gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity of 5.5 wt.%), even though the weight of water is taken into account as reactant. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrolysis

Simulations on Hybrid Thermal Management of Mini-Channel Cold Plate and Pcm for Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Discharging and Thermal Runaway Conditions

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Yang Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Wei, Lei Lyu, Jizu Li, Yang Liu, Xinyu Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Mechanical Engineering Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China

In this study, we compared the performance of different structures of mini-channel cold plate (MCP)- phase change material (PCM) hybrid thermal management on discharge and thermal runaway. The heat transfer structures for them can be categorized into three types: (a) uncoupled, (b) semi-coupled, and (c) fully coupled. Among these, the semi-coupled design B exhibits the best performance. Specifically, in the high rate discharge condition, the structure can control the battery temperature at 44.37°C at low coolant mass flow rate, and the temperature at 36.47°C at high mass flow rate, while the temperature difference (TD) of a single cell does not exceed 2.01°C. In a low-multiplier discharge zero-energy system, the pack temperature rise can be limited to no more than 10°C in 35°C environment. Under external short-circuit conditions, a lower coolant mass flow rate is sufficient to keep the pack temperature at 43.22°C. Under internal short-circuit thermal runaway (TR), lower coolant mass flow rate can prolong the TR of the adjacent cell up to 521 s, and higher mass flow rate can completely inhibit the occurrence of TR. The objective of this study is to offer valuable references for the design and implementation of hybrid MCP-PCM cooling systems. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phase change materials

Boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production by creating isotype heterojunctions and single-atom active sites in highly-crystallized carbon nitride

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Science Bulletin 2022年第5期67卷 520-528,M0004页

作者： Shaohua Shen Jie Chen Yiqing Wang Chung-Li Dong Fanqi Meng Qinghua Zhang Yiliang Huangfu Zhi Lin Yu-Cheng Huang Yanrui Li Mingtao Li Lin Gu International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei City 25137TaiwanChina Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Carbon nitride-based photocatalysts hold an enormous potential in producing hydrogen.A strategy to simultaneously create isotype heterojunctions and active sites in highly-crystallized carbon nitride is anticipated to significantly boost the photocatalytic activity,but is yet to be ***,we find that cobalt salt added in the ionothermal synthesis can promote the phase transition of heptazine-based crystalline carbon nitride(CCN)to triazine-based poly(triazine imide)(PTI),rendering the creation of singleatom cobalt coordinated isotype CCN/PTI ***-CCN/PTI exhibits an appreciable apparent quantum yield of 20.88%at 425 nm for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a rate achieving3538μmol h^(-1)g^(-1)(λ>420 nm),which is 4.8 times that of CCN and 27.6 times that of *** high photocatalytic activity is attributed to the Type II isotype highly-crystallized CCN/PTI heterojunction for promoting charge carrier migration,and the single-atom Co sites for accelerating surface oxidation reaction.

关键词： Photocatalytic hydrogen production Single-atom cobalt Crystalline carbon nitride Poly(triazine imide) Isotype heterojunctions