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Heavy Metal Migration Characteristics of Co-Combustion between Sewage Sludge and High Alkaline Coal on Circulating Fluidized Bed

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2178-2188页

作者： LI Yaode YANG Dong ZHOU Xihong DONG Le SUO Lihui SUN Wenbo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China College of Energy&Power Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132000China

The migration characteristics of heavy metals in co-combustion of sewage sludge and high alkali coal in circulating fluidized bed were studied by experiments and simulations. Temperature plays a crucial role in thermodynamic equilibrium distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metals. At the temperature range of 700℃-1200℃, Hg is completely gaseous and the proportion of Pb, Ni, and Cd in the gas phase is also high. As is mainly elemental in the system, and the proportion of Cr in the solid phase is large. Zn compounds are diverse and mostly solid materials. The volatility of Cu is not strong, and it will become gaseous when the temperature exceeds 1700℃. The proportion of heavy metals in the gas phase decreases as the excess air ratio increases. In an oxygen-rich atmosphere, most of Zn and Ni are converted to oxides;Pb and Cd are converted to crystalline silicate;Cu is converted to partial aluminate;Cr compound is decomposed to form Cr_(2)O_(3);they are good for the solidification and controlling of heavy metals. The elemental Hg is converted to HgCl_(2) and the elemental As is converted to AsCl_(3). Temperature also has a great influence on the volatilization rate of heavy metals. The higher the temperature, the shorter the time they reach the maximum volatility.

关键词： co-combustion heavy metal migration circulating fluidized bed sewage sludge high alkali coal

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Extra contribution to the crystal stability of insensitive explosive TATB: The cooperativity of intermolecular interactions

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 88-98页

作者： Zhi-xiang Zhang Yi-tao Si Tao Yu Wei-peng Lai Yi-ding Ma Mao-chang Liu Ying-zhe Liu Bo-zhou Wang State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research InstituteXi'an710065PR China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049PR China

An in-depth analysis on the cooperativity of intermolecular interactions including hydrogen bonding andπ-π stacking in 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB) crystal was studied. Two quantities, cooperativity rate and energy, were defined to evaluate the nature and strength of cooperativity in a series of clusters diverging from 1D to 3D prototypes. The origin and mechanism of the cooperative effect were settled to demonstrate that the nature of cooperativity is determined by whether the non-covalent interactions compete or promote with each other, which is manifested by the changing trend of electron transfer. There exists obvious cooperative effect in intra-layer and inter-layer structures as they own the equivalent non-covalent interactions, while anti-cooperative effect is also observed if two interactions correlate with each other. On the whole, in the process of crystal formation, the apparent cooperativity is the check and balance of the two effects, which is capable to support a global interaction among all of molecules and contribute to the stabilization of system. Based on the results, one may get a new insight to understand the relationship between non-covalent interactions and low impact sensitivity.

关键词： Cooperativity Non-covalent interaction Low-sensitivity Explosives Charge transfer

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Impacts of Startup,Shutdown and Load Variation on Transient Temperature and Thermal Stress Fields within Blades of Gas Turbines

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第3期31卷 727-740页

作者： CAI Liuxi HOU Yanfang LI Fang LI Yun WANG Shunsen MAO Jingru School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Based on the actual operation parameters and temperature-dependent material properties of a gas turbine unit,composite cooling blade model and corresponding reliable boundary conditions were *** thermal-fluid-solid coupling simulations were then comprehensively conducted to analyze the transient flow and the temperature field of the blade under startup,shutdown,and variable loads *** with the obtained transient temperature data,the non-linear finite element method was exploited to examine the effect of these transient operations on the turbine blade thermal stress *** show that the temperature and pressure on the blade surface increase with the load level and vice *** the startup process progresses,the film cooling effectiveness and the heat convection of airflows inside the blade continuously grow;high-temperature areas on the pressure surface and along the trailing edge of the blade tip gradually *** high-temperature zones with the maximum of 1280 K are generated at the air inlet and outlet of the blade platform and the leading edge of the blade *** high thermal stresses detected on the higher temperature side of the temperature gradient are commonly generated in places with large temperature gradients and significant geometry *** the startup/shutdown process,the rate of increase/decrease of the thermal stress is positively correlated with the load variation rate.A slight variation rate of the load(1.52%/min)can lead to an apparent alteration(41%)to the thermal *** operations under action of the variable load,although thermal stress is less sensitive to the load variation,the rising or falling rate of the exerted load still needs to be carefully controlled due to the highly leveled thermal stresses.

关键词： composite cooling blade thermal-fluid-solid coupling method transient temperature field load variation thermal stress

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Vapor-liquid equilibrium of H2/CO2and H2/N2/CO2mixture, the liquefaction technology related to the supercritical water gasification products 8

Vapor-liquid equilibrium of H2/CO2and H2/N2/CO2mixture, the ...

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8th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, SpliTech 2023

作者： Wu, Hongtu Jin, Hui Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789532901283

In this paper, the dew point and liquid phase composition of H2/CO2 and H2/CO2/N2 mixtures at phase equilibrium calculated by PR-BM equation and Van Der Waal mixing rule with commercial MATLAB software are introduced, it is of theoretical significance for the wide application of the products of supercritical water gasification. First, the results obtained by the self-programming code are verified with the experimental data, the experimental data and simulation results of two kinds of CO2/H2 mixtures and two kinds of CO2/N2/H2 mixtures were compared. The average percentage deviation was 2.69%, 4.05%, 2.22%, 1.20%, respectively. Thus the absolute deviations of the mixtures are within the acceptable range, therefore, the model proposed in this paper can well predict the dew point of the mixtures composed of H2/CO2 or H2/CO2/***, the dew point and the CO2 content in the liquid phase of common H2/CO2 and H2/CO2/N2 vapor mixtures in supercritical water gasification products were predicted, and a series of analysis and discussion were conducted on the predicted results finally. © 2023 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SINGLE/TWO-PHASE flow IN A STRATIFIED POROUS BED 31

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SINGLE/TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A STRATIFIE...

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2024 31st International Conference on Nuclear engineering, ICONE 2024

作者： Bouloudenine, Aimad Li, Liangxing Xiang, Zutao Shi, Shang Bakar, Muhammad Abu Xi’an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xianning West Road 28 Xi’an City710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888292

This study investigates the coolability of debris beds formed from Fuel-Coolant Interactions (FCI) within nuclear reactors, a critical safety concern when cooling systems fail, leading to significant core melting in light-water reactors. The research focuses on understanding the flow dynamics within two-layer stratified porous beds, which develop from the mixture of corium and coolant, particularly around the interface between layers. Using ANSYS Fluent software, numerical simulations were conducted to estimate velocity profiles and pressure drops across a stratified porous structure. The Euler-Euler two-fluid model was employed alongside the k-ω-based Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model to separately model turbulence for each phase. The results reveal that lateral flow dynamics are significant as fluids traverse through the porous media, affecting pressure drops across layers with varying permeabilities. Specifically, the pressure drops across the lower-permeability layer decrease while that across the higher-permeability layer increases, highlighting the influence of lateral flows between layers of different particle sizes due to variations in porosity. This lateral flow is most likely formed during the initial stages of fluid movement through the bed. The study underscores the importance of understanding these flow characteristics for both single/two-phase flow to enhance the safety and design of nuclear reactors by improving debris bed coolability predictions. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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TiO_(2) nanorods based self-supported electrode of 1T/2H MoS_(2) nanosheets decorated by Ag nano-particles for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第11期34卷 355-359页

作者： Changzheng Lin Yunpeng Liu Yaxing Sun Zhenyu Wang Hao Xu Mingtao Li Jiangtao Feng Bo Hou Wei Yan Department of Environmental Science&Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityThe ParadeCardiffCF243AAWalesUnited Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China International Research Center for Renewable Energy(IRCRE) State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering(MFPE)Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))has shown significant promise as an economic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst for hydrogen generation,but its catalytic performance is still lower than noble metalbased ***,a silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)-decorated 1T/2H phase layered MoS_(2) electrocatalyst grown on titanium dioxide nanorod arrays(Ag NPs/1T(2H)MoS_(2)/TNRs)was prepared through acid-tunable ammonium ion *** advantage of MoS_(2) layered structure and crystal phase controllability,as-prepared Ag NPs/1T(2H)MoS_(2)/TNRs exhibited ultrahigh HER ***-proposed strategy combines facile hydrogen desorption(Ag NPs)with efficient hydrogen adsorption(1T/2H MoS_(2))effectively circumventes the kinetic limitation of hydrogen desorption by 1T/2H MoS_(2).The as-prepared Ag NPs/1T(2H)MoS_(2)/TNRs electrocatalyst exhibited excellent HER activity in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 with low overpotential(118 mV *** hydrogen electrode(RHE))and small Tafel slope(38.61 mV/dec).The overpotential exhibts no obvious attenuation after 10 h of constant current ***-principles calculation demonstrates that as-prepared 1T/2H MoS_(2) exhibit a large capacity to store *** protons can be subsequently transferred to Ag NPs,which significantly increases the hydrogen coverage on the surface of Ag NPs in HER process and thus change the rate-determining step of HER on Ag NPs from water dissociation to hydrogen *** study provides a unique strategy to improve the catalytic activity and stability for MoS_(2)-based electrocatalyst.

关键词： Molybdenum disulfide Silver nanoparticles Hydrogen evolution reaction Density functional theory Hydrogen spillover

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Research and development of helium-xenon Brayton cycle technology:A review

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National Science Open 2024年第6期3卷 188-218页

作者： Weixiong Chen Meihui Song Yiran Qian Hongxing Yu Junjie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor System Design Technology Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610200China

Helium-xenon Brayton cycle systems have significant potential as the energy conversion system for small-scale reactors in remote land,deep-sea,and space applications due to a range of advantages,including high cycle efficiency,compact system structures,and chemical *** objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the helium-xenon Brayton cycle system based on the projects and ***,the basic information and development history are introduced,and a series of typical designs are ***,the system configurations,cycle parameter analysis and optimization are ***,the key components are classified,such as turbine,compressor,and heat ***,the dynamic processes and control strategies are introduced in different ***,the deficiency and prospect of current research are *** review covers the representative helium-xenon Brayton cycle systems,which could provide a reference for promoting the development of energy conversion systems.

关键词： helium-xenon Brayton cycle cycle analysis heat exchanger dynamic research

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On the Intelligent Optimization of the Crevice Structure in a Rapid Compression Machine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1200-1215页

作者： GUO Qiang LIU Jie WU Yingtao WANG Hewu TANG Chenglong YU Ruiguang Department of Power Mechanical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy Vehicle Powertrain Technology Beijing100044China National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China

In this study,the multi-objective intelligent optimization of the crevice structure in a rapid compression machine(RCM)is carried out based on the RCM simulation model modified with the KIVA-3V program.A multi-objective optimization simulation model of the crevice structure based on the large eddy simulation model coupled with the genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅲis *** optimization parameters and seven optimization objectives are selected in the optimization *** results show that the genetic algorithm can quickly find the values of the optimized *** crevice volume ratio shows a trade-off relationship with the dimensionless temperature ratio T_(max)/T_(aver)and the tumble ratio.A larger crevice volume can reduce the flow of boundary layer cryogenic gas into the combustion chamber,thus improving the temperature *** addition,the crevice entrance width and the connecting channel length should be smaller,while the volume of the crevice main chamber should be larger,so as to sufficiently introduce the low-temperature gas of the boundary layer into the crevice and reduce their influence on the temperature field of the combustion *** the crevice volume accounts for10%of the total volume,the temperature uniformity of the combustor is significantly enhanced,and when the crevice volume accounts for 30.4%,there is almost no low-temperature vortex in the combustion chamber.

关键词： rapid compression machine adiabatic core area ignition delay period crevice structure

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Function-reversible facets enabling SrTiO_(3)nanocrystals for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 101-109页

作者： Bin WANG Bei AN Xiaoqian LI Shaohua SHEN School of Physics Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter(Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

It has been widely reported that,for faceted nanocrystals,the two adjacent facets with different band levels contribute to promoted charge separation,and provide active sites for photocatalytic reduction and oxidation reaction,*** such cases,only one family of facets can be used for photocatalytic hydrogen ***,by using SrTiO_(3)nanocrystals enclosed by{023}and{001}facets as a model photocatalyst,this paper proposed a strategy to achieve the full-facets-utilization of the nanocrystals for photocatalytic hydrogen via chemically depositing Pt nanoparticles on all *** photo-deposition experiment of CdS provided direct evidence to demonstrate that the{023}facets which were responsible for photooxidation reaction can be function-reversed for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution after depositing Pt nanoparticles,together with the{001}***,the full-facets-utilization led to a much-improved activity for photocatalytic hydrogen,in contrast to those SrTiO_(3)nanocrystals with only{001}facets deposited by Pt nanoparticles via a photo-deposition method.

关键词： SrTiO_(3)nanocrystals crystal facets photocatalysis hydrogen evolution

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Fabricating PdCe/OMS-2 catalysts with boosted low-temperature activity for toluene deep degradation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第6期41卷 839-849,I0002页

作者： Lin Yue Zhihua Xu Minghua Hu Mingjiao Tian Mudi Ma Bijie Huang Chi He State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting and Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material&Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

Porous cryptomelane-type octahedral molecular sieve(OMS-2)with mixed Mn valence and abundant lattice oxygen species has attracted much attention in volatile organic compounds(VOC)catalytic ***,complete conversion of arene over OMS-2 catalysts at relatively low temperature is still a challenge due to its limited crystal structure and inferior ***,a series of PdCe/OMS-2 catalysts with different Pd/Ce molar ratios was fabricated by a facile impregnation method and the physicochemical properties of which were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM),B runauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method,X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),temperature programmed reduction of H2(H2-TPR),Raman,In situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra(DRIFTS),and density functional theory(DFT)*** show that the total conversion of toluene can be achieved at 207℃ over PdCe2 with apparent activation energy as low as 62.6 kJ/*** strong synergistic effect between Pd and Ce remarkably boosts the catalytic activity of OMS-2,attributed to the abundant Mn^(3+)-O bands and active surface oxygen *** results reveal that oxygen vacancy can be formed over PdCe2 much easily than that of Pd/OMS-2 and Ce/OMS-2 with the oxygen vacancy formation energy of2.42,2.83 and 2.68 eV,*** increasing the Pd content cannot promote the catalytic activity although PdO is a critical active center in toluene *** vacancy attributed to the integrative effect of Pd,Ce and Mn species plays a promine nt role over prepared catalysts in toluene activation *** findings reported in this work showed new insights into the designing of highly efficient OMS-2catalysts for VOC deep oxidation by tuning oxygen vacancy concentration.

关键词： PdCe/OMS-2 Toluene Catalytic oxidation Oxygen vacancy Rare earths

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