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Estimation of tunnel axial orientation in the interlayered rock mass using a comprehensive algorithm

Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2579-2590页

作者： Hui Li Weizhong Chen Xianjun Tan State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

The axial selection of tunnels constructed in the interlayered soft-hard rock mass affects the stability and safety during *** optimization is primarily based on experience or comparison and selection of alternative values under specific geological *** this work,an intelligent optimization framework has been proposed by combining numerical analysis,machine learning(ML)and optimization *** automatic and intelligent numerical analysis process was proposed and coded to reduce redundant manual *** conventional optimization algorithm was developed from two aspects and applied to the hyperparameters estimation of the support vector machine(SVM)model and the axial orientation optimization of the ***,the comprehensive framework was applied to a numerical case study,and the results were compared with those of other *** results of this study indicate that the determination coefficients between the predicted and the numerical stability evaluation indices(STIs)on the training and testing datasets are 0.998 and 0.997,*** a given geological condition,the STI that changes with the axial orientation shows the trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the optimal tunnel axial orientation is estimated to be 87.This method provides an alternative and quick approach to the overall design of the tunnels.

关键词： Tunnel Building information modeling Design optimization Particle swarm optimization Support vector machine(SVM)

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Fracture behavior of sandstone with partial filling flaw under mixed-mode loading: Three-point bending tests and discrete element method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2025年第1期17卷 291-308页

作者： Dongdong Ma Yu Wu Xiao Ma Xunjian Hu Wenbao Dong Decheng Li Lingyu Li State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China State Key Laboratory of Structural Health and Safety of Bridges Wuhan430034China Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

The fracture behavior of natural fracture in the geological reservoir subjected to filling property,affects the crack initiation and propagation under stress *** filling flaws were intermediate between open fractures and filled fractures,the fracture response may be worth *** this work,the effect of the filling property of sandstone with partial filling flaws on the fracture behavior was systematically investigated based on three-point bending tests and the numerical approach of discrete element method(DEM).In the laboratory,semi-circular three-point bending tests were carried out with partial filling flaws of various filling *** on this,numerical simulations were used to further investigate the effect of the filling ratio and the inclination of the partial filling flaw on the mechanical and fracture responses,and the effect of the partial filling flaw under mixed-mode loading on the fracture mechanism was elucidated coupled with acoustic emission(AE)*** obtained results showed that the increase in filling strength and filling ratio of partial filling flaw led to an increase in peak strength,with a decreasing trend in peak strength with the inclination of partial filling *** terms of crack propagation pattern,the increasing filling strength of the partial filling flaw induced the transformation of the fracture mechanism toward deflection,with a tortuosity path,while the filling ratio and inclination of partial filling flaw led to fracture mechanism change from deflection to penetration and attraction,accompanied with a larger AE event source in ***,the b-value based on the Gutenberg-Richter equation fluctuated between 5 and 4 at low filling ratio and inclination and remained around 5 at high filling ratio and inclination of partial filling *** results may provide an application prospective for reservoir stimulation using the natural fracture system.

关键词： Partial filling flaw Mixed-mode loading Semi-circular three-point bending Acoustic emission(AE) b-value

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A surrogate model for estimating rock stress by a hollow inclusion strain cell in a three-layer medium

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2025年第3期35卷 363-381页

作者： Changkun Qin Wusheng Zhao Weizhong Chen Peiyao Xie Shuai Zhou State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Accurate acquisition of the rock stress is crucial for various rock engineering *** hollow inclusion (HI) technique is widely used for measuring in-situ rock *** technique calculates the stress tensor by measuring strain using an HI strain ***,existing analytical solutions for stress calculation based on an HI strain cell in a double-layer medium are not applicable when an HI strain cell is used in a three-layer medium,leading to erroneous stress *** address this issue,this paper presents a method for calculating stress tensors in a three-layer medium using numerical simulations,specifically by obtaining a constitutive matrix that relates strain measurements to stress tensors in a three-layer ***,using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and orthogonal experimental design strategies,764 groups of numerical models encompassing various stress measurement scenarios have been established and calculated using FLAC^(3D)***,a surrogate model based on artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict constitutive matrices,achieving a goodness of fit (R^(2)) of 0.999 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 1.254.A software program has been developed from this surrogate model for ease of use in practical engineering *** method’s accuracy was verified through numerical simulations,analytical solution and laboratory experiment,demonstrating its effectiveness in calculating stress in a three-layer *** surrogate model was applied to calculate mining-induced stress in the roadway roof rock of a coal mine,a typical case for stress measurement in a three-layer *** in stress calculations arising from the use of existing analytical solutions were *** study also highlights the significant errors associated with using double-layer analytical solutions in a three-layer medium,which could lead to inappropriate engineering design.

关键词： Stress measurement Over-coring stress relief method Three-layer medium Surrogate model Numerical simulation

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Displacement-based back analysis of mitigating the effects of displacement loss in underground engineering

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2023年第10期15卷 2626-2638页

作者： Hui Li Weizhong Chen Xianjun Tan State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

Displacement-monitoring-based back analysis is a popular method for geomechanical parameter ***,due to the delayed installation of multi-point extensometers,the monitoring curve is only a part of the overall one,leading to displacement ***,the monitoring and construction time on the monitoring curve is difficult to *** the literature,the final displacement was selected for the back analysis,which could induce unreliable *** this paper,a displacement-based back analysis method to mitigate the influence of displacement loss is developed.A robust hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed as a substitute for time-consuming numerical *** integrates the strengths of the nonlinear mapping and prediction capability of the support vector machine(SVM)algorithm,the global searching and optimization characteristics of the optimized particle swarm optimization(OPSO)algorithm,and the nonlinear numerical simulation capability of *** avoid being trapped in the local optimum and to improve the efficiency of optimization,the standard PSO algorithm is improved and is compared with other three algorithms(genetic algorithm(GA),simulated annealing(SA),and standard PSO).The results indicate the superiority of OPSO ***,the hybrid optimization algorithm is applied to an engineering *** back-analyzed parameters are submitted to numerical analysis,and comparison between the calculated and monitoring displacement curve shows that this hybrid algorithm can offer a reasonable reference for geomechanical parameters estimation.

关键词： Rock mass Intelligent back analysis Geomechanical parameters Displacement loss Underground engineering

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Morphological damage and strength deterioration of red sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2025年第2期17卷 671-687页

作者： Jincheng Wang Deshan Cui Qiong Chen Juxiang Chen Mingjie Dai Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

Insight into the growth of internal microstructure and surface morphology is critical for understanding the robustness of red sandstone artifacts in frigid *** freeze–thaw(F-T)cycles can exacerbate the surface deterioration of water-bearing sandstone,a series of investigation on fresh and weathered water-bearing sandstone samples with different F-T cycle numbers(i.e.0–100)is performed in this study,including three-dimensional(3D)laser scanning,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and computed tomography(CT)scanning tests,thermal property tests,Brazilian tests,and multi-field numerical *** results demonstrate that with increasing F-T cycles,the surface fractal dimension and specific surface area of red sandstone samples increase,and the pore size distribution inside rocks shifts from ultrananopores(10–100 nm)to micro-pores(0.1–100μm)and ultramicropores(100μm+).Spatially,the pores generated by the F-T cycles are more prominent near the surfaces of rock *** simulation indicates that the uneven pore distribution leads to surface *** 100 F-T cycles,the intergranular(IG)cement of the samples cracks,and the IG fractures are widened;eventually,due to the structural integrity weakening,the tensile strength is drastically reduced by over *** thermal properties of the water-saturated sandstone can be improved during the F-T cycles,and a strong coefficient of determination of 0.98 exists between the fractal dimensions of sandstone surface and the tensile *** assessing the mechanical properties of stone artifacts under F-T cycles,the morphological damage of red sandstone should first be investigated when in situ sampling is inappropriate.

关键词： Freezing-thawing cycles Red sandstone Pore structure Surface fractal dimension Computed tomography(CT)reconstruction

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Novel stacking models based on SMOTE for the prediction of rockburst grades at four deep gold mines

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 169-188页

作者： Peng Xiao Zida Liu Guoyan Zhao Pengzhi Pan State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Rockburst is a frequently encountered hazard during the production of deep gold *** prediction of rockburst is an important measure to prevent rockburst in gold *** study considers seven indicators to evaluate rockburst at four deep gold *** research and rock tests were performed at two gold mines in China to collect these seven indicators and rockburst *** collected database was oversampled by the synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)to balance the categories of rockburst *** models combining tree-based models and logistic regression(LR)were established by the balanced *** datasets from another two deep gold mines were implemented to verify the applicability of the predictive *** stacking model combining extremely randomized trees and LR based on SMOTE(SMOTE-ERT-LR)was the best model,and it obtained a training accuracy of 100%and an evaluation accuracy of 100%.Moreover,model evaluation suggested that SMOTE can enhance the prediction performance for weak rockburst,thereby improving the overall ***,sensitivity analysis was performed for *** results indicated that the SMOTE-ERT-LR model can achieve satisfactory performance when only depth,maximum tangential stress index,and linear elastic energy index were available.

关键词： Rockburst prediction Gold mine Stacking model SMOTE

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Three-dimensional stress variation characteristics in deep hard rock of CJPL-Ⅱ project based on in-situ monitoring

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 179-195页

作者： Minzong Zheng Shaojun Li Zejie Feng Huaisheng Xu Yaxun Xiao State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In deep hard rock excavation, stress plays a pivotal role in inducing stress-controlled failure. While the impact of excavation-induced stress disturbance on rock failure and tunnel stability has undergone comprehensive examination through laboratory tests and numerical simulations, its validation through insitu stress tests remains unexplored. This study analyzes the three-dimensional stress changes in the surrounding rock at various depths, monitored during the excavation of B2 Lab in China Jinping Underground Laboratory Phase Ⅱ(CJPL-Ⅱ). The investigation delves into the three-dimensional stress variation characteristics in deep hard rock, encompassing stress components and principal stress. The results indicate changes in both the magnitude and direction of the principal stress during tunnel excavation. To quantitatively describe the degree of stress disturbance, a series of stress evaluation indexes are established based on the distances between stress tensors, including the stress disturbance index(SDI), the principal stress magnitude disturbance index(SDIm), and the principal stress direction disturbance index(SDId). The SDI indicates the greatest stress disturbance in the surrounding rock is 4.5 m from the tunnel wall in B2 Lab. SDIm shows that the principal stress magnitude disturbance peaks at2.5 m from the tunnel wall. SDId reveals that the largest change in principal stress direction does not necessarily occur near the tunnel wall but at a specific depth from it. The established relationship between SDI and the depth of the excavation damaged zone(EDZ) can serve as a criterion for determining the depth of the EDZ in deep hard rock engineering. Additionally, it provides a reference for future construction and support considerations.

关键词： Disturbance stress Tensor distance Stress disturbance index Principal stress direction Underground research laboratory

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Experimental study on the effect of flexible joints of a deep-buried tunnel across an active fault under high in-situ stress conditions

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 189-207页

作者： Jiawei Zhang Zhen Cui Qian Sheng Wanhua Zhao Liang Song State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 430023China

During dislocation,a tunnel crossing the active fault will be damaged to varying degrees due to its permanent stratum *** previous studies did not consider the influence of the tunnel’s deep burial and the high in-situ stress,so the results were not entirely *** this paper,the necessity of solving the anti-dislocation problem of deep-buried tunnels is systemically *** the model test of tunnels across active faults,the differences in failures between deep-buried tunnels and shallow-buried tunnels were compared,and the dislocation test of deep-buried segmental tunnels was carried out to analyze the external stress change,lining strain,and failure mode of *** results are as follows.(1)The overall deformation of deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels is both *** failure mode of deep-buried tunnels is primarily characterized by shear and tensile failure,resulting in significant compressive deformation and a larger damaged *** contrast,shallow-buried tunnels mainly experience shear failure,with the tunnel being sheared apart at the fault crossing,leading to more severe damage.(2)After the segmental structure design of the deep-buried tunnel,the “S”deformation pattern is transformed into a “ladder”pattern,and the strain of the tunnel and the peak stress of the external rock mass are reduced;therefore,damages are significantly mitigated.(3)Through the analysis of the distribution of cracks in the tunnel lining,it is found that the tunnel without a segmental structure design has suffered from penetrating failure and that cracks affect the entire *** cracks in a flexible segmental tunnel affect about 66.6% of the entire length of the tunnel,and cracks in a tunnel with a short segmental tunnel only affect about 33.3% of the entire length of the ***,a deep-buried tunnel with a short segmental tunnel can yield a better anti-dislocation effect.(4)By comparing the shallow-buried segmental tunnel in previo

关键词： Tunnel project Crossing active fault High in-situ stress Segmental structure design Flexible joint

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Block-flexure toppling failure of rock slopes using an equivalent deformation compatibility method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2025年第2期17卷 845-858页

作者： Yun Zheng Runqing Wang Congxin Chen Wei Zhang State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Block-flexure toppling constitutes the predominant form of toppling failure in rock *** it has been extensively studied,the current theoretical models are often oversimplified by treating rock layers as rigid bodies that diverge from actual *** proposed Equivalent Deformation Compatibility Method(EDCM)offers a fresh approach to assess the stability of rock slopes prone to block-flexure *** posits that blocky rock layers,with their inability to withstand significant bending and role in merely transferring forces,can be modeled as intact layers with a reduced *** method simplifies the complex issue of analyzing discrete and continuous rock layers to the study of layered soft and hard rock,establishing deformation compatibility equations *** of the EDCM was achieved through numerical models,physical model testing,and application to an actual *** factor of safety(FS)for slopes corresponds with the results from both models and the actual slope,demonstrating the method's applicability for evaluating susceptibility to block-flexure *** applying the EDCM,it is advised to set the elastic modulus reduction coefficient for blocky layers at a value below 0.1.

关键词： Block-flexure toppling Deformation compatibility Theoretical method Numerical model Rock slope

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Deep Underground Energy Storage:Aiming for Carbon Neutrality and Its Challenges

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engineering 2023年第10期29卷 11-14页

作者： Chunhe Yang Tongtao Wang State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China

*** of deep underground energy storage Deep underground energy storage(DUES)is an important strategic practice for ensuring China’s energy supply,its national defense,and the realization of China’s strategic goals of achieving a carbon peak and carbon neutrality(CPCN).In 2021,China’s oil and natural gas consumption reached 712 million tonnes and 372.6 billion cubic meters,respectively,while its external dependence reached about 72%and 45%.China’s reserves only met about 30%of the requirements for a safe supply and peak shaving.

关键词： underground realization strategic

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