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Dynamic Analysis of Uniformity and Difference for Grid-following and Grid-forming Voltage Source Converters Using Phasor and Topological Homology Methods

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2025年第1期13卷 3-14页

作者： Haiyu Zhao Hongyu Zhou Wei Yao Qihang Zong Jinyu Wen IEEE State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Grid-following voltage source converter(GFLVSC) and grid-forming voltage source converter(GFM-VSC) have different dynamic characteristics for active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage supports of the power grid. This paper aims to clarify and recognize the difference between gridfollowing(GFL) and grid-forming(GFM) frequency-voltage support more intuitively and clearly. Firstly, the phasor model considering circuit constraints is established based on the port circuit equations of the converter. It is revealed that the voltage and active power linearly correspond to the horizontal and vertical axes in the phasor space referenced to the grid voltage phasor. Secondly, based on topological homology, GFL and GFM controls are transformed and mapped into different trajectories. The topological similarity of the characteristic curves for GFL and GFM controls is the essential cause of their uniformity. Based on the above model, it is indicated that GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC possess uniformity with regard to active power response, type of coupling, and phasor trajectory. They differ in synchronization, power coupling mechanisms, dynamics, and active power-voltage operation domain in the quasi-steady state. Case studies are undertaken on GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC integrated into a four-machine two-area system. Simulation results verify that the dynamic uniformity and difference of GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC are intuitively and comprehensively revealed.

关键词： Couplings Grid following Power system dynamics Voltage Mathematical models Trajectory Synchronization Voltage control Frequency synchronization Grid forming

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Improvement and correction for transverse emittance diagnosis based on Q-scanning techniques

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 1-11页

作者： Yi-Feng Zeng Hao Hu Tong-Ning Hu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Precise transverse emittance assessment in electron beams is crucial for advancing high-brightness beam *** opposed to intricate methodologies that use specialized devices,quadrupole focusing strength scanning(Q-scanning)techniques offer notable advantages for various injectors owing to their inherent convenience and ***,their stringent approximation conditions lead to inevitable errors in practical operation,thereby limiting their widespread *** study addressed these challenges by revisiting the analytical derivation procedure and investigating the effects of the underlying approximation *** corrections were explored through a combination of data processing analysis and numerical ***,based on theoretical derivations,virtual measurements using beam dynamics calculations were employed to evaluate the correction *** experimental validations were performed at the Huazhong University of Science and technology injector to verify the effectiveness of the proposed compensation *** the virtual and experimental results confirm the feasibility and reliability of the enhanced Q-scanning-based diagnosis for transverse emittance in typical beam injectors operating under common *** the integration of these corrections and compensations,enhanced Q-scanning-based techniques emerge as promising alternatives to traditional emittance diagnosis methods.

关键词： Beam diagnostics Transverse emittance Q-scanning technique Beam injector

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Insulator defect detection under extreme weather based on synthetic weather algorithm and improved YOLOv7

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High Voltage 2025年第1期10卷 69-77页

作者： Yong Yang Shuai Yang Chuan Li Yunxuan Wang Xiaoqian Pi Yuxin Lu Ruohan Wu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and ElectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company ChangshaChina

Efficient and accurate insulator defect detection is essential for maintaining the safe and stable operation of transmission ***,the detection effectiveness is adversely impacted by complex and changeable environmental backgrounds,particularly under extreme weather that elevates accident ***,this research proposes a high-precision intelligent strategy based on the synthetic weather algorithm and improved YOLOv7 for detecting insulator defects under extreme *** proposed meth-odology involves augmenting the dataset with synthetic rain,snow,and fog algorithm ***,the original dataset undergoes augmentation through affine and colour transformations to improve model's generalisation performance under complex power inspection *** achieve higher recognition accuracy in severe weather,an improved YOLOv7 algorithm for insulator defect detection is proposed,integrating focal loss with SIoU loss function and incorporating an optimised decoupled head *** results indicate that the synthetic weather algorithm processing significantly improves the insulator defect detection accuracy under extreme weather,increasing the mean average precision by 2.4%.Furthermore,the authors’improved YOLOv7 model achieves 91.8%for the mean average precision,outperforming the benchmark model by 2.3%.With a detection speed of 46.5 frames per second,the model meets the requirement of real-time detection of insulators and their defects during power inspection.

关键词： weather extreme algorithm

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Rapid system prototype-based physical simulation platforms for power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources

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High Voltage 2025年第1期10卷 3-16页

作者： Wei Yao Yimin Ruan Yuying Chen Hongyu Zhou Jinyu Wen Meng Zhou Wenping Zuo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina GridMind Technology(Wuhan)Co. LtdWuhanChina

The traditional power system dominated by synchronous generators is gradually evolving into a power system with high penetration of inverter-based resources(IBRs).In this paper,the new characteristics that arise from the high penetration of IBRs in power systems are *** light of these characteristics,current simulation technologies are inadequate and new requirements for the simulation platforms have been *** response,this paper introduces the rapid system prototype(RSP)-based physical simu-lation platforms,which include the digital simulator,the rapid prototype controller,and the rapid object-controlled *** addresses the time-consuming and labour-intensive shortcomings of traditional simulation techniques and meets the rapid evolu-tion needs of the power system with high penetration of *** with existing simulation platforms,RSP is a more suitable platform for the physical simulation of power systems with high penetration of *** the modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current as a case study,a novel physical simulation platform for power systems based on RSP is *** results demonstrate that the RSP concept and technology can establish an enterprise-level simulation environment and engineering practice ***,it can provide realistic and flexible simu-lations of various characteristics of power systems with high penetration of IBRs.

关键词： system power inverter

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Designing high-area-loading lithium metal batteries with in-situ polymerized electrolyte featuring gradient molar mass

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第4期103卷 383-392页

作者： Mengjun Sun Zhi Wang Zhe Sheng Xiang Zhen Juhui Jiang Xiaobing Wang Jia Xie School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology

In-situ polymerized solid-state lithium metal batteries have garnered significant attention due to their conformal interface contact and continuous pathways for lithium ion（Li+） ***,their electrochemical performance is often hindered by slow Li+transport within high-area-loading *** study presents an in-situ poly（ε-caprolactone） electrolyte with gradient molar mass（iGPCE） through lithium metal anode（LMA）-induced anionic ring-opening *** electrochemical and kinetic analyses reveal that the iGPCE,characterized by low molar mass（M）,significantly enhances Li+diffusion within high-area-loading cathodes and bulk electrolytes,thereby reducing concentration polarization and promoting uniform electrochemical ***,the high M region on LMA side acts as artificial solid electrolyte interphases,stabilizing the stripping and plating of ***,Li//LFP(20 mg cm-2) and Li//NCM622(7.4 mg cm-2) utilizing iGPCE exhibit stable charge/discharge *** study offers a fresh approach to accelerate Li+diffusion kinetics of high-area-loading batteries and suggests broad applicability in other systems.

关键词： Fast Li+ transport kinetics Gradient molar mass High-area-loading cathode In-situ polymerization Lithium metal batteries

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Frequency-Voltage Active Support Strategy for Hybrid Wind Farms Based on Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Hierarchical Subgroup Control

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2025年第1期11卷 65-77页

作者： Haiyu Zhao Qihang Zong Hongyu Zhou Wei Yao Kangyi Sun Yuqing Zhou Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

The GFL-GFM hybrid wind farm (HWF) combines the voltage source control advantages of grid-forming (GFM) wind turbines (WTs) with the current source control advantages of grid-following (GFL) wind turbines. It becomes a new type of large-scale grid-connected wind power generation. In this paper, we propose an HWF frequency-voltage active support based on GFL and GFM hierarchical subgroup control. It aims to realize the support of active power and reactive power under the premise of ensuring system stability. The strategy consists of the determination of the control objectives of the GFM-GFL subgroups, the distributed control (DC) of the GFM-GFL subgroups, and the adaptive control and switching of each unit of the GFM and GFL groups. The GFM-group maintains the grid-connected voltage stability and the GFL-group exhausts the active support. DC at the group level and adaptive control at the unit level are included under the hierarchy of the respective objectives. Finally, a GFL-GFM HWF model is established on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the simulation verifies that the proposed strategy can realize the enhancement of the frequency-voltage support capability of the HWF under the premise of grid-connected stability.

关键词： Active-reactive power coupling decoupling factor distributed adaptive control frequency-voltage active support GFL-GFM station GFL-GFM subgroup control

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Study on the Phase Evolution of High Temperature Sintering Process of ZnO@Bi2O3 Core-Shell Structure Varistor Ceramic 19th

Study on the Phase Evolution of High Temperature Sintering P...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Yao, Chengfeng Song, Li Zhou, Benzheng He, Junjia State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819613786

The core-shell structure formed by coating can enhance the uniformity of particles within ZnO varistors, which is conducive to the improvement of their microstructure and comprehensive performance. In this study, the ZnO@Bi2O3 core-shell structure powder was prepared by chemical precipitation and calcination purification, and doped with Sb2O3 to form the ZnO@Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS) system powder, which was then compared with the doped sample. The alloying method was combined with high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) to investigate the phase evolution and its pattern, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were employed to characterise the microstructure and elemental distribution. It was observed that the phase evolution of the ZBS system can be divided into two main stages: the generation of pyrochlore and its subsequent transformation to spinel. It is observed that Bi₂O₃ in the core-shell structure samples exhibits a certain selectivity for the reaction that generates the pyrochlore phase. Furthermore, the onset temperature of pyrochlore-to-spinel transformation is lower than that of the doped samples by 80–100 °C, and the reaction rate is faster. Base on the microstructural results, it was found that the core-shell structure powder spinel was more uniformly distributed with a smaller average grain size up to 5.074 μm and a more well-distributed particle size. The influence of the core-shell structure on the high-temperature sintering of ZnO varistor ceramics was discussed in terms of phase situation and microstructure. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Sintering

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The Difference of High-Temperature Sintering Between Surface-Coated and Mechanically Mixed ZnO Composite Powders

The Difference of High-Temperature Sintering Between Surface...

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International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2024

作者： Song, Li Zhou, Benzheng Yao, Chengfeng He, Junjia State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819618552

ZnO varistors prepared by surface coating technology show certain potential in reducing grain size, refining microstructure, and improving electrical properties. The sintering process after powder preparation also has a decisive influence on the performance of the varistor. In this study, based on the simplest binary formulation of ZnO, the common additives SiO2 and Bi2O3 were selected to form ZS and ZB binary system. The surface-coated composite powder and mechanically mixed composite powder were prepared in two kinds of system. The differences of coated powder and mixed powder in sintering process at high temperature were compared from three aspects: powder morphology, thermal analysis, and phase analysis. The results can provide a reference for the sintering process optimization of ZnO coated powder. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Sintering

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Rotating Object Detection Method of Insulator Defect Base on Improved YOLOv5 11th

Rotating Object Detection Method of Insulator Defect Base on...

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11th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical engineering, FAFEE 2024

作者： Wang, Yunxuan Yong, Yang Li, Chuan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819787791

The precise localization of insulators in visible images is crucial for ensuring the integrity of power systems. In UVAs inspections, challenges such as arbitrary angles, dense distributions, and complex backgrounds often hinder accurate detection. However, existing methods primarily employ axial horizontal detection boxes to detect insulators, which overlook insulator characteristics. To further improve the accuracy, this paper optimizes YOLOv5 across four key areas: rectangular box representation, feature extraction, lightweight convolution, and detection head design. The results show that this paper uses rotating detection boxes instead of axial horizontal detection boxes, which removes a large amount of redundant background information and improves the average accuracy and operation speed. Our experiments on the insulator defect dataset achieved the average accuracy of 97.91% at an intersection ratio of 0.5. Additionally, our algorithm shows promise for extending to defect detection in various power equipment, laying a solid foundation for future automation initiatives. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Electric insulators

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Conversion-type cathode materials for high energy density solid-state lithium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 409-425页

作者： Yuhao Ma Shihong Qing Hongyu Liu Chuntao Ma Yuan Yu Chuang Yu Liping Wang School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina

Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)are regarded as an essential growth path in energy storage systems due to their excellent safety and high energy *** particular,SSLBs using conversion-type cathode materials have received widespread attention because of their high theoretical energy densities,low cost,and *** the great progress in research and development of SSLBs based on conversiontype cathodes,their practical applications still face challenges such as blocked ionic-electronic migration pathways,huge volume change,interfacial incompatibility,and expensive processing *** review focuses on the advantages and critical issues of coupling conversion-type cathodes with solid-state electrolytes(SSEs),as well as state-of-the-art progress in various promising cathodes(e.g.,FeS_(2),CuS,FeF_(3),FeF_(2),and S)in ***,representative research on conversion-type solid-state full cells is discussed to offer enlightenment for their practical ***,the energy density exhibited by the S cathode stands out impressively,while sulfide SSEs and halide SSEs have demonstrated immense potential for coupling with conversion-type ***,perspectives on conversion-type cathodes are provided at the material,interface,composite electrode,and battery levels,with a view to accelerating the development of conversion-type cathodes for high-energy–density SSLBs.

关键词： Conversion-type cathode Lithium-free cathode Solid-state electrolyte Solid-state lithium battery High energy density

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