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International Journal of advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and technology 2025年第2期7卷 147-155页

作者： Xinze Li Bingqian Zhang Chengcheng Tong Ronghua Chen Dalin Zhang Wenxi Tian Suizheng Qiu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

This paper investigates the thermo-mechanical response characteristics of the first wall of a laser initial confinement fusion reactor under periodic transient heat flux loads. The first wall of the reactor experiences extremely high instantaneous heat loads during the target compression process, leading to temperature and thermal stress oscillations, which can cause material fatigue damage. Finite element analysis is employed to model the first wall under various chamber sizes and target energies, and the thermal-mechanical response characteristics of W, W/Cu functional gradient materials, and blanket materials are studied under thermal shock and cyclic loading conditions. The results indicate that W/Cu functional gradient materials can effectively alleviate thermal stresses on the first wall, especially in addressing the stress concentration at the interface. Fatigue life of the first wall is assessed using the Basquin model, and it is found that increasing the chamber size and increasing the target frequency can significantly reduce temperature oscillations and thermal stresses, thus extending the service life of the first wall. This study provides valuable design references for the optimization and design of the first wall in laser initial confinement fusion reactor.

关键词： Laser inertial confinement fusion reactor First wall Heat oscillation Thermal fatigue

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Dynamic Regulation of Hydrogen Bonding Networks and Solvation Structures for Synergistic Solar‑Thermal Desalination of Seawater and Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 548-565页

作者： Ming‑Yuan Yu Jing Wu Guang Yin Fan‑Zhen Jiao Zhong‑Zhen Yu Jin Qu Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Organic‑Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China

Although solar steam generation strategy is efficient in desalinating seawater,it is still challenging to achieve continuous solar-thermal desalination of seawater and catalytic degradation of organic ***,dynamic regulations of hydrogen bonding networks and solvation structures are realized by designing an asymmetric bilayer membrane consisting of a bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotube/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod top layer and a bacterial cellulose/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod(BCH)bottom ***,the hydrogen bonding networks inside the membrane can be tuned by the rich surface–OH groups of the bacterial cellulose and Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)as well as the ions and radicals in situ generated during the catalysis ***,both SO_(4)^(2−)and HSO_(5)−can regulate the solvation structure of Na^(+)and be adsorbed more preferentially on the evaporation surface than Cl^(−),thus hindering the de-solvation of the solvated Na^(+)and subsequent nucleation/growth of ***,the heat generated by the solar-thermal energy conversion can accelerate the reaction kinetics and enhance the catalytic degradation *** work provides a flow-bed water purification system with an asymmetric solar-thermal and catalytic membrane for synergistic solar thermal desalination of seawater/brine and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

关键词： Solar steam generation Seawater desalination Catalytic degradation Bacterial cellulose Cobalt hydroxycarbonate nanorods

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A round-trip journey of electrons:Electron catalyzed direct fixation of N_(2)to azos

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2025年第1期68卷 386-393页

作者： Baijing Wu Jinrui Li Xiaoxue Luo Jingtian Ni Yiting Lu Minhua Shao Cunpu Li Zidong Wei State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

The triple bond in N_(2)has an extremely high bond energy and is thus difficult to break.N_(2)is commonly converted into NH3 artificially via the Haber-Bosch process,and NH_(3)can be utilized to produce other nitrogen-containing ***,we developed an electron catalyzed method to directly fix N_(2)into azos,by pushing and pulling the electron into and from the aromatic halide with the cyclic voltammetry *** round-trip journey of electron can successfully weaken the triple bond in N_(2)through the electron pushing-induced aryl radical via a“brick trowel”transition state,and then produce the diazonium ions by pulling the electron out from the diazo radical *** azos can be synthesized with this developed electron catalyzed *** approach provides a novel concept and practical route for the fixation of N_(2)at atmospheric pressure into chemical products valuable for industrial and commercial applications.

关键词： Fixed N_(2) AZo Electron catalyzed strategy "Brick trowel"transition state Arylradicals

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Prediction of Converter Tapping Weight Based on KPCA–GA–BP Neural Network Model

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JOM 2025年 1-13页

作者： Liu, Peng Gao, Zhibin Fu, Changwei Bao, Yanping Zhao, Lihua State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Shandong lron and Steel Co. Ltd. Jinan Shandong 271104 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

To address the national dual carbon strategy and to decrease the consumption of iron and steel materials by enterprises, accurate prediction of the converter tapping weight can help to control the amount of ferroalloy addition in tapping. In the actual production process, this relies on manual experience to estimate the converter tapping weight, but the accuracy of the estimated results is not very good. At present, there are many applications of neural networks, but few people make network predictions for the converter tapping weight. In this study, the key factors influencing the converter tapping weight are analyzed by the Pearson correlation method. The kernel principal component analysis–genetic algorithm–backpropagation (KPCA–GA–BP) neural network model has been established to forecast the converter tapping weight. The hidden layer nodes, learning rate, and training times of the model were optimized through a trial-and-error process. The training results show that the hit ratios for the converter tapping weight prediction within error ranges of ± 1 t, ± 2 t, and ± 3 t are 74.0%, 91.0%, and 97.5%, respectively, which significantly surpass the conventional manual predictions. Compared with the traditional artificial prediction, the accuracy of ± 2 t and ± 3 t has been increased by 56.0% and 37.5%, respectively. At the same time, the established KPCA–GA–BP model has been added to the intelligent system of steelmaking alloy addition, and effectively applied to the production, making the steelmaking process more intelligent. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Bessemer process

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Phase transformation and reaction kinetics of BaK122 precursor synthesized via a two-step method

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The European Physical Journal B 2025年第4期98卷 1-9页

作者： Liu, Xinyuan Zhang, Xianping Dong, Chiheng Tang, Minghui Wang, Dongliang Ma, Yanwei Key Laboratory of High Density Electromagnetic Power and Systems (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology Jinan China

122-Type iron-based superconductors have gained considerable interest due to their potential for high-field applications. A two-step method for preparing BaK122 precursor powders is shown to enhance the superconducting performance of wires and tapes. However, impurities pose formidable challenges to enhancing critical current density, while their underlying causes remain an open question. In this work, the phase formation process of the two-step precursors was investigated. After sintering at 550 °C, iron arsenides and KFe2As2 are generated in large quantities. The superconducting properties of the sample improve significantly when the sintering temperature is increased to 700 °C. However, the distribution of K and Ba elements in the 122-phase remains inhomogeneous. For the samples sintered at 850 °C, impurities are almost eliminated, resulting in the formation of high-purity Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2. The reaction mechanisms for each exothermic process follow the Avrami-Erofeev equation and are expressed as G(α) = [− ln(1-α)]1/n, which corresponds to the nucleation and crystal growth model. Based on the above results, we summarize the phase formation process of the two-step BaK122 precursor and propose a formation mechanism for the impurities. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing the sintering process and improving the purity of BaK122 precursors.

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Large scale and ultra-thin conductive two-dimensional metal films (<3.5 nm) for fast flexible electronics

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Materials Today 2025年 86卷 52-62页

作者： Li, Shuang Yu, Tongtong Du, Changhe Deng, Haoyu He, Xinjian Zhao, Yongkang Feng, Yange Zhang, Liqiang Wang, Youqiang Wang, Daoai State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou730000 China Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai Yantai265503 China Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Qingdao266100 China School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao266525 China

Pushing the thickness of two-dimensional (2D) metal films to below 10 nm means higher transparency and better flexibility, which will help improve the response sensitivity of flexible electronic devices based on 2D metals. However, lattice distortion and void cracks are facile occurred in the 2D metal film due to the island structure growth mechanism on the traditional solid substrates, which greatly weakens the transparency and conductivity of ultra-thin 2D metal films. Here, we innovatively proposed an air–liquid interface deposition (ALID) method to address this dilemma, in which ultrathin 2D metal films with continuous conductivity were deposited on liquid substrates. Thanks to the shallow injection and the Brownian motion of the liquid substrate, 2D metal (Au, Ag, Cu, Bi, Pt, etc.) films with dimensions up to φ 90 mm × 3.5 nm were obtained through the above method with continuous conductivity in only 5 s. More importantly, compared with the metal film prepared by traditional air–solid interface deposition method, the metal film prepared through ALID has lower surface roughness (0.207 nm), better transparency (85 %), and stronger wear resistance since metal atoms can be arranged almost freely on the isotropic liquid surface. Furthermore, the fabricated resistance sensor based on these 2D metal films can realize flexible sensing such as bending, hitting and stretching motions with ultrafast response time (t = 60 ms) and robust response sensitivity (R/R0 = 800 %). On the one hand, it provides a new solution for the large scale preparation of ultra-thin continuous conductive films, and on the other hand, it enriches the growth mechanism of thin films on the liquid surface. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Conductive films

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Prediction of viscosity of Mg and Al alloy melts by machine learning

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Journal of Materials Science 2025年第19期60卷 8133-8147页

作者： Chen, Yunjian Chen, Hongcan Yang, Shenglan Tang, Kai Fu, Yu Liu, Bin Luo, Qun Liu, Jundong Lu, Qi Hu, Bin Li, Qian Chou, Kuo-Chih State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China SINTEF Industry Trondheim N-7465 Norway Shanghai Li Auto Technology Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201805 China Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment Chongqing 401135 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China

Viscosity is a critical thermophysical property that influences the castability of alloys, but it is hard to be experimentally determined due to the high temperature and easy oxidation. Employing theoretical models to predict the thermodynamic properties of alloys has always been the pursuit goal for alloy design, but there are challenges in predicting multicomponent alloys with traditional theoretical models. In this study, five different machine learning algorithms were used to construct a composition-temperature-viscosity prediction model for multicomponent alloys using 867 sets of viscosity experimental data collected in the literature. The melting temperatures (T) and solute contents of Mg, Al, Cu, Si, and Fe were utilized as model inputs, while the viscosity values were taken as model outputs. The outcomes suggest that the random forest regression (RFR) algorithm delivers excellent predictive performance, with root mean square error (RMSE) on the test set being 0.168 and the coefficient of determination (R²) being 0.984. The Pearson correlation analysis reveals a significant positive correlation between the viscosity and the content of Fe and Cu. On the contrary, Si and Mg exhibit a negative correlation with viscosity. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis uncovers the critical ranges for input features (T > 1500 K, x_Cu < 21at.%, Fe-free, or x_Si > 3.8at.%) that are significant for the design of low-viscosity alloys. Furthermore, the relation between fluidity and viscosity is investigated and optimized by regulating silicon content and solidification processes, while the established viscosity-composition-temperature mathematical model provides a theoretical basis for predicting and controlling fluidity. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Melting point

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A Variable Parameter Series Compensation Method Featuring Fast Dynamic Response for Dual Active Bridge Converter in Battery Charging/Discharging Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年

作者： Wang, Feng Wang, Xuehua Yuan, Jialing Ruan, Xinbo Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Center for More-Electric-Aircraft Power Systems College of Automation Engineering Nanjing210016 China

The extended-phase-shift (EPS) modulated dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter has become prevalent in battery charging/discharging systems, where low overshoot and short settling time are critically required. However, wide variations in battery voltage and current and abrupt operating mode transitions tend to challenge the dynamic performance of the converter. In this paper, a small-signal model is developed, the potential challenge due to the wide-range variations or abrupt mode transitions is evaluated, and a variable parameter series compensation (VPSC) method is proposed. The proposed method can adjust its parameters in real time according to the variations in battery voltage and current, making the dynamics of the EPS-DAB converter immune to the variations. For practical implementation, a polynomial-fit approximation is conducted to minimize the computational complexity. An execution-optimized flowchart is also provided. Experimental results on a 45-kW prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of the VPSC method. Even under the worst case when the battery voltage is 107 V and the battery current steps from 100 A to -100 A, no overshoot arises and the settling time is less than 6 ms. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Polynomial approximation

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Analysis and Enhancement of Synchronization Stability in Grid-forming PV Systems Using Torque Component Quantification

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Chen, Qiong Tang, Yajie Gong, Diyang Lin, Lei Zeng, Qianqian Shi, Xiaojie State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd. Hangzhou310022 China

With the rapid deployment of distributed PVs, the stability issues become a serious concern for power systems. As a solution, the grid-forming control (GFM) featuring active regulation of voltage and frequency emerges. Among various GFM schemes, the DC-link voltage synchronous control has attracted tremendous attention as it can stabilize the DC-link voltage of PV systems and utilize the stored energy of their DC-link capacitors to mimic the inertia support. However, a PV system using the DC-link voltage synchronous control (PV-DVSC) can cause low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) under certain operating conditions. To mitigate such risks, this paper investigates the mechanism of LFO and associated suppression method, utilizing the torque component quantification. Firstly, a torque analysis model of the PV-DVSC is established to elucidate the contribution of different control loops on LFO from a torque vector perspective. Additionally, the impacts of key parameters on LFO are quantitatively assessed via the damping and synchronizing torques. Leveraging these torques, a torque-oriented phase compensator (TOPC) is designed, targeting a positive torque to effectively suppress the unstable LFO even under extreme conditions such as desynchronization. Finally, the validity of above analysis and proposed TOPC strategy are verified through simulation control-hardware-in-The-loop test results. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power system control

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From crack-prone to crack-free:Eliminating cracks in additively manufacturing of high-strength Mg2Si-modified Al-Mg-Si alloys

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第1期204卷 276-291页

作者： Tao Wen Zhicheng Li Jianying Wang Yimou Luo Feipeng Yang Zhilin Liu Dong Qiu Hailin Yang Shouxun Ji State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Light Alloy Research Institute College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Centre for Additive Manufacturing School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology(BCAST) Brunel University LondonUxbridgeMiddlesexUB8 3PHUnited Kingdom

Large solidification ranges and coarse columnar grains in the additively manufacturing of Al-Mg-Si alloys are normally involved in hot cracks during *** this work,we develop novel crack-free Al-Mg2Si alloys fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion(L-PBF).The results indicate that the eutectic Mg2Si phase possesses a strong ability to reduce crack *** can enhance the grain growth restriction factor in the initial stage of solidification and promote eutectic filling in the terminal stage of *** crack-free L-PBFed Al-xMg2Si alloys(x=6 wt.％,9 wt.％,and 12 wt.％)exhibit the combination of low crack susceptibility index(CSI),superior ability for liquid filling,and grain ***,the L-PBFed Al-9Mg2Si alloy shows improved mechanical properties(*** strength of 397 MPa and elongation of 7.3％).However,the cracks are more likely to occur in the region near the columnar grain boundaries of the L-PBFed Al-3Mg2Si alloy with a large solidification range and low eutectic content for liquid ***,the L-PBFed Al-3Mg2Si alloy shows poor bearing capacity of mechanical *** precise tuning of Mg2Si eutectic content can offer an innovative strategy for eliminating cracks in additively manufactured Al-Mg-Si alloy.

关键词： Aluminium alloys Las powder-bed fusion Crack elimination Mechanical properties

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