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Research on the Mechanism of Electrical Erosion Accelerating Failure in High-Current Pulse Thyristor-Based Switches

IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 2025年

作者： Xiao, Shiyun Liu, Yi Li, Liuxia Lin, Fuchang Miao, Yunxin Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Wuhan430074 China

High-current pulse thyristor-based switches operate under high-current pulse conditions and are subjected to coupled electromagnetic-thermomechanical stresses, resulting in the progressive development of thermal fatigue-induced failure mechanisms. The study revealed that localized overheating triggers electrical erosion of the aluminum layer, which further accelerates the thermal fatigue failure of high-current switches. To investigate this phenomenon, a microscopic model of the silicon-aluminum interface incorporating surface roughness effects was developed to quantify the transient temperature rise and electrical erosion threshold under varying pulsed current conditions, with experimental validation demonstrating strong agreement. Furthermore, using a thermal network model, we established a correlation between the electrical erosion threshold and the average junction temperature for different high-current pulses and clamping stresses, thereby defining the operational range for electrical erosion in high-current pulse thyristor-based switches. This provides theoretical guidance for the reliable operation of these switches. © 2001-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Thermal fatigue

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Laser direct writing of flexible multifunctional airflow sensors on the Kevlar fabric

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 443-454页

作者： Wei Wang Zi-Qing Chen Yong-Qi Li Yu-Long Wang Mei-Chen Liu Yun-Bo Ruan Yang Zhang Shu-Juan Liu Qiang Zhao College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics(Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM)Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Zhe Jiang Topsun Logistic Control CO. LTD.Yuhuan 317600China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina and School of Health Preservation and RehabilitationNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China

The growing interest in flexible devices has emerged as a global trend due to their advantages in flexibility,lightweight structure,and wearability,addressing the limitations of traditional *** wearable airflow sensors have been previously reported,the development of flexible fabric-based airflow sensors capable of functioning in environments with open flames—critical for fire rescue operations—has yet to be explored,largely due to the poor fire resistance of conventional *** this work,we first present a flexible,wearable,and multifunctional airflow sensor with excellent fire-resistant properties,fabricated through a simple direct laser writing *** sensor maintains airflow detection capabilities even in the presence of open ***,the fabrication of fabric-based sensors involves complex procedures such as carbon materials doping or vapor-phase deposition,leading to lengthy preparation cycles and high ***,fabric-based devices are inherently prone to *** address these challenges,we introduce twice-vertical laser-induced graphene(TVLIG)as a sensitive and reliable component for fire-resistant airflow *** resulting TVLIG/Kevlar fabric can be integrated into various garments,particularly protective suits,to form sensitive and fire-resistant airflow sensors capable of detecting airflow velocity and direction in both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)spaces during fire ***,the TVLIG patterns can be expanded to multifunctional platforms,such as glucose detection for injured individuals,offering further applications in rescue *** functional expansion reduces the burden on rescue personnel and streamlines device *** its outstanding sensing capabilities,fire resistance,and expandability,the developed flexible airflow sensor shows great potential for various real-world rescue scenarios,promising advancements in wearable sensing technology for rescue enginee

关键词： flexible airflow sensor direct laser writing twice-vertical laser-induced graphene fire accident rescue Kevlar fabric

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Study on the spectrum and far-field pattern of broad-area semiconductor lasers toward speckle suppression by optical feedback

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Optics Express 2025年第7期33卷 15742-15755页

作者： Chen, Ao Zhang, Weiqiao Zhou, Xuyan Liu, Jing Fu, Ting Zheng, Wanhua Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Weifang Academy of Advanced Opto-Electronic Circuits Weifang261000 China College of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China

Laser diodes working at 940 nm are potential in video surveillance systems, but the speckle problem needs to be solved. Both the spectrum and far-field pattern of the broad-area semiconductor lasers (BALs) are important for speckle suppression of multimode fibers, but the relation between them has not been studied. In this paper, the time-averaged spectrum and far-field pattern of the BALs under optical feedback are studied in experiments and simulations. Effective spectral bandwidth and spot fill factor are introduced to evaluate the effective temporal coherence of the BALs and the relative numerical aperture of the coupled light. In-phase change between the effective spectral bandwidth and spot fill factor is observed under different feedback intensities, due to the spatial separation of the longitudinal modes. Low speckle contrast is obtained under 10% to ∼20% optical feedback, while stronger feedback may reduce the speckle suppression efficiency. A spectral bandwidth of 15.3 nm is observed under 10% feedback, but the spectral hole-burning is serious. The spectral hole-burning is partly suppressed by tuning the length of the external cavity. What we believe to be a novel low frequency fluctuation is observed in BALs at a high pump current, which may have some relation with the spatial bistability of the lateral modes. The spatiotemporal dynamic of BALs is simulated by a multimode model of BALs, and the spatial separation of the longitudinal modes is demonstrated. This work provides insight into the spectral and spatial characteristics of the BALs under optical feedback. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Multimode fibers

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Low sintering shrinkage porous ceramics: Principles, progress, and perspectives

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Journal of advanced Ceramics 2025年第2期14卷 1-36页

作者： Jie Xu Yueqi Shao Xiaoying Feng Xiaoyan Zhang Hao Li Jinlong Yang Feng Gao State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing MIIT Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and DevicesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Porous ceramics are lightweight materials with diverse pore structures and are widely applied in areas such as thermal insulation, sound absorption, filtration, catalysis, and energy storage. However, excessive shrinkage during the sintering process of porous ceramics leads to cracking and deterioration, posing significant challenges for achieving complex shapes. Despite its importance, the field of low sintering shrinkage porous ceramics has not received sufficient attention. This review systematically discusses the principles and progress in the development of low sintering shrinkage porous ceramics. First, we introduce the characteristics of various preparation methods, including partial sintering, particle-stabilized foaming, gel-casting, foam-gelcasting, and additive manufacturing (AM). We then explain three primary principles of low sintering shrinkage from the perspectives of the volume effect and mass transfer processes. This review focuses on the properties and applications of typical low sintering shrinkage ceramics such as mullite and alumina, particularly their mechanical properties and thermal conductivity as thermal insulation and ceramic cores. Finally, we summarize the current state and present future perspectives on low sintering shrinkage porous ceramics.

关键词： porous ceramics low sintering shrinkage volume expansion mass transfer process pore structure properties

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RGB-Based Category-Level Object Pose Estimation via Depth Recovery and Adaptive Refinement

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IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第6期10卷 5377-5384页

作者： Yang, Hui Sun, Wei Liu, Jian Zheng, Jin Zeng, Zhiwen Mian, Ajmal Hunan University National Engineering Research Center for Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology College of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha410082 China Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Changsha410082 China Central South University School of Architecture and Art Changsha410082 China University of Western Australia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering CrawleyWA6009 Australia

Category-level pose estimation methods have received widespread attention as they can be generalized to intra-class unseen objects. Although RGB-D-based category-level methods have made significant progress, reliance on depth image limits practical application. RGB-based methods offer a more practical and cost-effective solution. However, current RGB-based methods struggle with object geometry perception, leading to inaccurate pose estimation. We propose depth recovery and adaptive refinement for category-level object pose estimation from a single RGB image. We leverage DINOv2 to reconstruct the coarse scene-level depth from the input RGB image and propose an adaptive refinement network based on an encoder-decoder architecture to dynamically improve the predicted coarse depth and reduce its gap from the ground truth. We introduce a 2D–3D consistency loss to ensure correspondence between the point cloud obtained from depth projection and the objects in the 2D image. This consistency supervision enables the model to maintain alignment between the depth image and the point cloud. Finally, we extract features from the refined point cloud and feed them into two confidence-aware rotation regression branches and a translation and size prediction residual branch for end-to-end training. Decoupling the rotation matrix provides a more direct representation, which facilitates parameter optimization and gradient propagation. Extensive experiments on the REAL275 and CAMERA25 datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our method. Real-world estimation and robotic grasping experiments demonstrate our model robustness to occlusion, clutter environments, and low-textured objects. Our code and robotic grasping video are available at DA-Pose. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Depth perception

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Fabrication of Ultra-Low Absorption Thin Films via Ion Beam Assisted Electron Beam Evaporation

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2025年

作者： Song, Ruichen Hu, Jiaqi Peng, Yunqi Xiao, Yingao Wang, Yuxiang Zhu, Kongxu Jiang, Yuheng Xia, Xusheng Xia, Zhilin Wuhan University of Technology State key laboratory of advanced glass materials Wuhan China Wuhan University of Technology Material Science and Engineering Wuhan China

High-power laser systems require thin films with extremely low absorption. Ultra-low absorption films are often fabricated via ion beam sputtering, which is costly and slow. This study analyzes the impact of doping titanium and annealing on the absorption characteristics of thin films, focusing on composition and structure. The results indicate that the primary factor influencing absorption is composition. By suppressing the presence of electrons or holes that do not form stable chemical bonds can significantly reduce absorption;For amorphous thin films, the structural influence on absorption is relatively minor. Thus, composition control is crucial for fabricating ultra-low absorption films, while the deposition method is secondary. Ion beam assisted electron beam evaporation, which is relatively seldom used for fabricating lowabsorption films, was employed to produce high-reflectivity films. After annealing, the absorption at 1064 nm reached 1.70 ppm. This method offers a cost-effective and rapid approach for fabricating ultra-low absorption films. © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with Chinese Laser Press.

关键词： Annealing

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Experimental and numerical study on aerosol explosion characteristics and flame propagation behavior of hydrogen and gasoline spray mixtures

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 133卷 276-290页

作者： Yu, Ke Hu, Yong He, Lingfeng Wang, Xuegui Kai, Reo Watanabe, Hiroaki Kurose, Ryoichi State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of New Energy Equipment Zhejiang College of Security Technology Wenzhou325016 China Department of Advanced Environmental Science and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Fukuoka Kasuga816-8580 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto615-8540 Japan

Understanding the explosion characteristics and flame behaviors of hydrogen related aerosol mixtures is an important subject for the safety maintenance of various hydrogen production and supply chain. As such, in present work, an extensive explosion experiment was conducted in a 5 L duct for gasoline spray/H2 mixture with varying H2 and gasoline concentrations. The explosion pressure and transient flame morphology of gasoline spray/H2 aerosol were investigated, accompanied by a comprehensive analysis of chemical kinetics to elucidate the elementary reaction sensitivity and reaction paths that govern the combustion mechanism of mixed fuel. Results indicate that for median gasoline concentration, the peak explosion pressure of aerosol mixture first increases and then decreases when hydrogen component increases. Meanwhile, the peak explosion pressure shifts towards the lower hydrogen regime as gasoline concentration increases. The flame propagation of aerosol mixture with low gasoline concentration is close to that of gaseous fuel, which is characterized by a uniform combustion and is controlled by chemical dynamics. On the contrary, for higher gasoline concentration, the explosive mixture exhibits a heterogenous combustion, controlled by the multiphase devolatilization. Moreover, the reactions of O2+H[dbnd]O + OH and H2+OH[dbnd]H + H2O are the main pathways for hydrogen to participate in gasoline combustion and explosion, which improve the production rate of H, O, OH radicals and promote the reactivity of the hydrogen dual-fuel flame. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Crystallization kinetics

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Swarming Magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4)@Polydopamine-Tannic Acid Nanorobots:Integrating Antibiotic-Free Superficial Photothermal and Deep Chemical Strategies for Targeted Bacterial Elimination

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Research 2025年第1期2024卷 840-853页

作者： Luying Si Shuming Zhang Huiru Guo Wei Luo Yuqin Feng Xinkang Du Fangzhi Mou Huiru Ma Jianguo Guan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing International School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanChina Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology WuhanChina School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life ScienceWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanChina

Micro/nanorobots(MNRs)are envisioned to provide revolutionary changes to therapies for infectious diseases as they can deliver various antibacterial agents or energies to many hard-to-reach infection ***,existing MNRs face substantial challenges in addressing complex infections that progress from superficial to deep ***,we develop swarming magnetic Fe3O4@polydopamine-tannic acid nanorobots(Fe3O4@PDA-TA NRs)capable of performing targeted bacteria elimination in complicated bacterial infections by integrating superficial photothermal and deep chemical *** Fe3O4@PDA-TA nanoparticles(NPs),serving as building blocks of the nanorobots,are fabricated by in situ polymerization of dopamine followed by TA *** driven by alternating magnetic fields,Fe3O4@PDA-TA NPs can assemble into large energetic microswarms continuously flowing forward with tunable ***,the swarming Fe3O4@PDA-TA NRs can be navigated to achieve rapid broad coverage of a targeted superficial area from a distance and rapidly eradicate bacteria residing there upon exposure to near-infrared(NIR)light due to their efficient photothermal ***,they can concentrate at deep infection sites by traversing through confined,narrow,and tortuous passages,exerting sustained antibacterial action through their surface TA-induced easy cell adhesion and subsequent membrane ***,the swarming Fe3O4@PDA-TA NRs show great potential for addressing complex superficial-to-deep *** study may inspire the development of future therapeutic microsystems for various diseases with multifunction synergies,task flexibility,and high efficiency.

关键词： therapies infectious diseases complex infections chemical therapy magnetic nanoparticles polydopamine photothermal therapy targeted bacteria elimination tannic acid

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Robust Watermarking Based on Multi-layer Watermark Feature Fusion

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年

作者： Wu, Shaowu Lu, Wei Luo, Xiangyang Sun Yat-Sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Information Technology Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Guangzhou510006 China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Henan450002 China

The purpose of robust image watermarking is to embed a watermark into a carrier image in an invisible form and extract the watermark successfully even under noise interference conditions to achieve copyright confirmation and traceability. Although watermarking methods based on deep learning can improve the robustness by adding a noise simulation layer, few theoretical analyses of the codec structure have been conducted. Theoretical explainability is the theoretical basis for developing a network architecture, which plays a guiding role in network development. On the basis of the interpretability of convolutional networks, this paper analyzes the mathematical process of embedding and extracting watermarks in codecs and proposes a novel watermarking framework based on multi-layer watermark feature fusion. Specifically, the encoder can be a convolutional network structure of arbitrary depth, whereas the decoder needs only to adopt its corresponding deconvolution structure. To improve the quality and robustness of the generated watermarked image, the watermark is associated with an arbitrary layer feature space in the decoder. In the decoder, the network quickly converges to each original encoding feature space through the deconvolution structure, thus decoupling the watermark features. Finally, the watermark is extracted via the automatic fusion of multi-layer watermark features. The experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for few-shot learning, and its invisibility, robustness and generalization performance on multiple datasets are significantly better than those of other advanced methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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Anomalous ductility-strength synergy occurred after cold rolling in a high Gd content Mg alloy

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第4期207卷 177-190页

作者： Ning Lv Lingyu Zhao Hong Yan Boyu Liu Rongshi Chen Zhiwei Shan Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Center for Advancing Materials Performance From the Nanoscale(CAMP-Nano)& Hysitron Applied Research Center in China(HARCC) State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

During cold rolling in magnesium(Mg)alloys,there will always be serious ductility deterioration,which greatly restricts the application of this processing *** this work,ductility-strength synergy oc-curred after cold rolling was carried out on a(0001)fiber textured Mg-17.5Gd-Zr alloy(wt.％).The ductility-strength synergy can be mainly attributed to texture randomization,microstructure refinement,and easier basal slip transfer condition in the twinned ***,the activation of multiple twinning behaviors,i.e.,{10-12},{10-11},and {11-21} twinning,and related twin-twin interaction restrict the formation of strong basal texture and facilitate the texture ***,profuse high-angle grain boundaries form through dislocation-twin interaction,twin-twin interaction,and dislocation inter-action,which promote microstructure ***,the basal slip transfer becomes easier in the twinned grains owing to the activation of multiple twinning behaviors and their ***-tion of {11-21} twinning anddislocations and the<0001>fiber texture which is favorable for multiple twinning activating during cold rolling are considered to be the key roles for microstructure and texture optimization.

关键词： Ductility-strength synergy {11-21} twin Cold rolling Texture Mg alloys

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