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Scaled-up 2D solid-state laser array

Optics Letters 2025年第8期50卷 2679-2682页

作者： Zhang, Nihui Shan, Zhenjiao Meng, Fansheng Xin, Di Wang, Hai Fu, Ting Qi, Aiyi Qu, Hongwei Zhou, Xuyan Zheng, Wanhua Zhang, Hongbo The Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China The School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China The School of Physics and Physical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining273165 China The Weifang Academy of Advanced Opto-Electronic Circuits Weifang261000 China The State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China

The inherent trade-off between high-power and high beam quality has long been a critical technological challenge for high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), fundamentally limiting their direct application, especially in remote large area irradiation and detection. Here, a compact and efficient two-dimensional (2D) laser array based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array is proposed and demonstrated. By employing a highly doped Nd:YVO4 crystal and a specialized cavity to compensate thermal lensing effect, the laser array achieves a 1 μm wavelength, 4.7mJ pulse energy, 52% optical-tooptical (O-O) conversion efficiency, and a brightness of 1.27 kW cm-2 sr-1, which is three orders higher than that of the 808nm VCSEL array (5.9W cm-2 sr-1). The beam quality factors (M2) of individual emitters were 1.41 and 1.48 in the X and Y directions, respectively. Additionally, the laser power scales with the array size, demonstrating the potential for innovative photonics applications. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Surface emitting lasers

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Direct Photolithography of WO_(x) Nanoparticles for High‑Resolution Non‑Emissive Displays

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 297-309页

作者： Chang Gu Guojian Yang Wenxuan Wang Aiyan Shi Wenjuan Fang Lei Qian Xiaofei Hu Ting Zhang Chaoyu Xiang Yu‑Mo Zhang Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China Hangzhou Bay Laboratory of Advanced Nano‑Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Qianwan Institute of CNITECHNingbo 315336People’s Republic of China Smart Materials for Architecture Research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314100People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012People’s Republic of China

High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy ***,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron ***,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand *** strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,*** success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.

关键词： Electrochromic Direct photolithography WOx nanoparticles In situ photo-induced ligand exchange High-resolution displays

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Defect recognition of circumferential welds of pipelines in TOFD images based on YOLOv5

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Hanjie Xuebao/Transactions of the China Welding Institution 2025年第4期46卷 22-31页

作者： Xu, Cheng Dong, Shihao Ou, Zhengyu Han, Zandong State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of Education Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Training Base of Army Engineering University Xuzhou221004 China

In order to enhance defect recognition in time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) scan images for circumferential welds of pipelines under conditions such as background signal interference and uneven sample distribution, an improved YOLOv5s network model was proposed. In view of the defects with irregular shapes in TOFD images for circumferential welds of pipelines, deformable convolutions were introduced, enabling the network to adapt to the shape characteristics of defects and improving the feature extraction capability for irregular defects in TOFD images. To study the influence of interference waveforms such as direct wave and bottom wave on defect recognition in TOFD images, self-attention mechanisms were incorporated at different depths of the network, guiding the network to focus on subtle defect features while effectively suppressing the impact of interface waves on defect recognition. Furthermore, to tackle the issue of class imbalance in real-world defect samples, the SlideLoss loss function was employed to replace the original loss function, thereby enhancing the recognition accuracy for crack-type defects with limited sample sizes. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the improved network effectively suppresses complex background interference in TOFD images and improves defect recognition efficiency under imbalanced sample conditions. Compared to those of the original network, the overall mean average precision (mAP) and the average precision (AP) for crack-type defects have increased by 8.2% and 7.3%, respectively. © 2025 Harbin Research Institute of Welding. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Study on Synergistic Extraction of Iron from Carbide Slag and Nickel Slag

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Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 2025年 1-10页

作者： Yang, Lushun Li, Bin Du, Xueyan Han, Mengyao School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China

Iron recovery from nickel slag, a significant byproduct generated during nickel pyrometallurgical process, represents a pivotal aspect of advancing sustainable utilization of metallurgical solid waste. This study explores the potential of utilizing carbide slag as a fluxing modifier to enhance iron extraction from nickel slag through the melting oxidation process. Thermodynamic simulations were conducted with FactSage software to predict phase equilibria and reaction pathway, while experimental analyses were performed to investigate phase composition, microstructural morphologies, and iron recovery efficiencies. The results indicate that in the FeO–SiO2–CaO–MgO slag system, predominant magnetite emerges as the primary iron-bearing phase in the spinel region. Increasing the slag’s basicity shifts the corresponding phase area of spinel increases first and then decreases. Thermodynamic predictions and experimental data corroborate that the addition of carbide slag facilitates the transformation of the fayalite phase into magnetite and pyroxene phases. Optimal basicity levels enhance the precipitation and crystal growth of magnetite, as well as promote the separation of iron from the slag matrix. Specifically, at a basicity of 0.5, the oxidized samples displayed the highest magnetite precipitation, with a recovery rate of 93.2%. Detailed microstructural analysis revealed the formation of well-defined dendritic magnetite crystals. These findings suggest that the introduction of carbide slag not only optimizes the phase transformation processes but also significantly enhances iron recovery, offering a viable pathway for the synergistic reutilization of nickel and calcium carbide slags. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Magnetite

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Cyclic stability of superelasticity in a Ti-Zr-Hf-Ni-Co-Cu high entropy shape memory alloy

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Materials Letters 2025年 394卷

作者： Liu, Guijun Huang, Lian Cong, Daoyong State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan411101 China

Structural and functional fatigue of shape memory alloys (SMAs) is of vital importance for their practical applications, but the fatigue of high entropy SMAs (HESMAs) has seldom been investigated. Here we developed a Ti31Zr5Hf14Ni32Co4Cu14 HESMA with exceptional fatigue performance. This HESMA exhibits stable superelasticity with a recoverable strain of 3.1 % over 10,000 loading–unloading cycles at 25°C. It also demonstrates excellent cyclic stability of superelasticity during 1,000 loading–unloading cycles at 100°C. Furthermore, a stable elastocaloric effect with adiabatic temperature change of 11.5°C over 10,000 loading–unloading cycles at 25°C was also obtained. The excellent cyclic stability could be attributed to the high yield strength resulting from severe lattice distortion in high entropy alloys and the presence of second phase particles that may reduce the stress hysteresis. This work is instructive for the development of HESMAs with a long fatigue life. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ternary alloys

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Design method for efficiently recording freeform holographic optical elements 4

Design method for efficiently recording freeform holographic...

引用

4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Zhuang, Yabao Zhu, Liquan He, Long Chen, Xiangqian Xu, Lixin Hefei Full Color Laser Display Technology Co. Ltd. Anhui Hefei230031 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Department of Optics and Optical Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui Hefei230026 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

In the field of augmented reality (AR) displays, freeform holographic optical elements (HOEs) offer significant advantages, such as compactness, wavefront modulation for true 3D volumetric display, and high environmental light transparency. However, the recording of freeform surface phase remains a challenge, primarily due to the high cost and inflexibility of wavefront correction elements, as well as the complexity of hologram printers. However, by properly allocating optical focal power, it is possible to reduce wavefront recording errors, thereby decreasing the number of patches required. Based on this, we propose an efficient recording method for freeform HOEs using phase spatial light modulators (SLMs) in this paper. The imaging performance is optimized using the optical design software ZEMAX. For simplicity, we consider a small relative aperture AR head-mounted display (HMD) system, where the wavefront is reconstructed with a spherical wave approximation of large radius. This research serves as a valuable reference for designing and fabricating AR optical systems. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Helmet mounted displays

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Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance on NiFe‑Based Catalysts Through d‑Orbital Hybridization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 281-292页

作者： Xing Wang Wei Pi Sheng Hu Haifeng Bao Na Yao Wei Luo State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Applications of Hubei ProvinceSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072People’s Republic of China

Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based *** introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in ***,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this *** and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER *** critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.

关键词： NiFe-based catalysts d-orbital coupling Oxygen evolution reaction Anion exchange membrane electrolyzer

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A machine learning approach to predict coefficient of friction of laser cladding high-entropy alloy coatings

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Journal of Materials Research and technology 2025年 36卷 8240-8253页

作者： Yawen Pan Bingquan Xu Junjun Wang Jian Peng Zhigang Xu Qiang Shen Chuanbin Wang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 PR China Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials Engineering Research Center of Environmental Materials and Membrane Technology of Hubei Province Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 PR China Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Chaozhou Guangdong 521000 PR China

Traditional method for evaluating the coefficient of friction (COF) of laser cladding high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings, relying on extensive experiments, is costly and inefficient. To address these limitations, this study proposed an efficient machine learning (ML) approach. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, and XGBoost models were developed as base models to predict the COF of HEA coatings. Feature engineering and a voting strategy were employed to enhance model accuracy and generalization ability, yielding substantial improvements in performance. The optimal model achieved a testing R 2 of 0.97. A satisfactory agreement was achieved between the predicted COFs and the experimental measurements as well as their trend. Additionally, the impact of each feature on the COF was clarified using SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations). The results indicate that this ML approach is a promising tool for predicting the COF of HEA coatings and can serve as a valuable aid in the design and optimization of coatings.

关键词： High-entropy alloy coating Laser cladding Machine learning Tribology Wear Coefficient of friction

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Constructing the multidirectional electrocatalytic restriction network for high-performance zinc-sulfur batteries

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 514卷

作者： Zhao, Xinqi Li, Jun Wang, Song Sun, Xiaohong Huo, Mingda Zhao, Yingjie Liu, Hongyao Zheng, Chunming Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes Tiangong University Tianjin300387 China

Aqueous zinc-sulfur (Zn-S) batteries with high theoretical energy density and safety are largely characterized as promise candidate for energy storage systems. However, challenges such as sluggish redox kinetics, low sulfur utilization, and unsatisfactory capacity of Zn-S batteries need to be addressed. Herein, we propose a multidirectional electrocatalytic restriction network, constructed from Sn nanoparticles grown in situ on carbonized bacterial cellulose and partially alloyed with Co (CBC@Sn-CoSn), to simultaneously tackle the aforementioned obstacles. Experimental results combined with theoretical calculations reveal that Sn nanoparticles provide an inhibitory effect on the disproportionation reaction and act as bifunctional electrocatalytic sites with CoSn to lower the activation energy barrier for sulfur-ZnS conversion. Moreover, the three-dimensional conductive catalytic network structure alleviates sulfur volume expansion, enhances charge transfer, and suppresses zinc dendrite growth. Notably, the uniquely designed cathode with CBC@Sn-CoSn delivers a high reversible capacity of 1332.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and exhibits excellent cycling stability with a capacity decay of 0.095 % per cycle over 500 cycles at 3 A g−1. This work provides a viable solution for fabricating high-performance Zn-S batteries and enlightens the development of advanced energy storage devices. © 2025

关键词： Activation energy

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Microstructures and mechanical properties of B4C–TiB2 ceramics fabricated by reactive sintering using B4C–Ti mixture

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Cui, Yi Bao, Sizhuo Sun, Yan Zhang, Ao He, Qianglong Wang, Weimin State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

In this study, B4C–TiB2 ceramics were prepared via reactive sintering using B4C–Ti as the raw material. By investigating the sintering curve, microstructures, and mechanical properties at different sintering temperatures, the liquid-phase sintering environment provided by Ti melting was found to play a key role in densification. The high-speed densification stage occurs between 1800 and 1900 °C, which improves the comprehensive properties of B4C–TiB2 composite ceramics at 1900 °C. B4C–TiB2 composites achieved the best comprehensive properties at 1950 °C. Relative density, Vickers hardness, bending strength, and fracture toughness were 99.3 %, 32.6 GPa, 433 MPa, and 5.25 MPa m1/2, respectively. Vickers hardness and bending strength were affected by density, while fracture toughness was also affected by the TiB2 phase distribution. Additionally, improvement in fracture toughness was the result of the joint action of crack deflection, crack bridging, crack branching, and microcracking mechanisms. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Ceramic materials

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