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Fabrication and characterization of mullite fiber-based porous ceramics with mixed fiber lengths for high-temperature gas filtration

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Zheng, Dazhi Zhu, Ruijian Hu, Yuwen Liang, Shiou Sun, Huiying Wang, Zengmei State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure Jiangsu Key Lab. of Construction Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing211189 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing211167 China

The emissions and particulate pollutants (PM) from industrialization and other human activities have become a significant threat to human health. Researchers have experimented with various fiber-bonded filters, but there are still relatively few products with good high-temperature resistance. In this paper, a fiber-bonded porous ceramic with high porosity was prepared by vacuum filtration combined with freeze-drying using two homemade mullite fibers with different length-to-diameter ratios as raw materials and mullite sol as binder. When the content of fine fibers is 40 %, the product has a better overall performance, its density is 0.63g/cm3, porosity is 74 %, strength is 0.77 MPa, thermal conductivity is 0.153 W m−1 K−1. When the airflow rate of 2 L/min, the pressure drop is 80 Pa, the filtration efficiency of about 99 %, the QF is 0.08 pa−1, The mullite fiber-bonded porous ceramics prepared through a simple process exhibit excellent filtration performance, offering a wide range of potential applications. © 2025

关键词： Thermal conductivity of gases

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Lensless efficient snapshot hyperspectral imaging using dynamic phase modulation

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Photonics Research 2025年第2期13卷 511-526页

作者： CHONG ZHANG XIANGLEI LIU LIZHI WANG SHINING MA YUANJIN ZHENG YUE LIU HUA HUANG YONGTIAN WANG WEITAO SONG Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Normal University

Snapshot hyperspectral imaging based on a diffractive optical element(DOE) is increasingly featured in recent progress in deep optics. Despite remarkable advances in spatial and spectral resolutions, the limitations of current photolithography technology have prevented the fabricated DOE from being designed at ideal heights and with high diffraction efficiency, diminishing the effectiveness of coded imaging and reconstruction accuracy in some bands. Here, we propose, to our knowledge, a new lensless efficient snapshot hyperspectral imaging(LESHI)system that utilizes a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator(LCoS-SLM) to replace the traditionally fabricated DOE, resulting in high modulation levels and reconstruction accuracy. Beyond the single-lens imaging model, the system can leverage the switch ability of LCoS-SLM to implement distributed diffractive optics(DDO)imaging and enhance diffraction efficiency across the full visible spectrum. Using the proposed method, we develop a proof-of-concept prototype with an image resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels, an effective spatial resolution of 41.74 μm, and a spectral resolution of 10 nm, while improving the average diffraction efficiency from 0.75 to0.91 over the visible wavelength range(400–700 nm). Additionally, LESHI allows the focal length to be adjusted from 50 mm to 100 mm without the need for additional optical components, providing a cost-effective and timesaving solution for real-time on-site debugging. LESHI is the first imaging modality, to the best of our knowledge,to use dynamic diffractive optics and snapshot hyperspectral imaging, offering a completely new approach to computational spectral imaging and deep optics.

关键词： Diffraction efficiency Diffractive optical elements Imaging systems Phase modulation Spatial light modulators Spatial resolution

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Fabrication of bifocal curved compound eyes for large-DOF and wide-FOV imaging via femtosecond laser 3D printing

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Optics Communications 2025年 585卷

作者： An, Ran Hu, Zhi-Yong Zhang, Zi-Heng Jin, Xue-Tao Liu, Xue-Qing Wang, Yan Yu, Yan-Hao Chen, Qi-Dai State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials of Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun220103 China

Miniature imaging systems are pivotal in applications such as medical endoscopes, micro-robotics, virtual reality, and military reconnaissance. Nonetheless, achieving both an extended depth of field and a broad field of view in compact imaging devices remains a significant challenge. In nature, the sub-eye of trilobite compound eye exhibits a remarkable structure that focuses incoming light onto two distinct focal planes, enabling the simultaneous detection of both proximate and distant objects. Drawing inspiration from trilobite compound eye, this study introduces an innovative bioinspired design featuring a bifocal curved compound eye, offering an enhanced depth of focus and an expansive field of view. Meanwhile, the focal lengths of sub-lenses with varying orientations are meticulously designed to ensure convergence on a common imaging plane, thereby addressing the challenge of detector reception. The compound lens is manufactured through femtosecond laser 3D printing technology to achieve high-fidelity profiles that match the design. Experimental results demonstrate that the compound lens can concurrently capture images with a 90° field of view from near (10 cm) objects, without the need for mechanical zoom mechanisms. This breakthrough provides fresh perspectives for future applications in micro-vision technologies, including medical diagnostics and reconnaissance robotics. © 2025

关键词： Femtosecond lasers

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Synergistic extraction of Li/Rb and simultaneous removal of Si from the lithium concentrate via a novel alkaline method

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Separation and Purification technology 2025年 370卷

作者： Yang, Hui Ma, Baozhong Shi, Shuyang Yu, Jiancheng Liu, Yubo Cao, Zhihe Wang, Chengyan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

The alkali method has been proven to be an effective approach for lithium (Li) and rubidium (Rb) extraction;however, the significant dissolution of silicon (Si) remains a challenging issue. A high Si concentration in the leachate can cause filtration difficulties and pipeline blockages, while also negatively affecting phase separation during the subsequent extraction of Rb. Additionally, since the leachate needs to be recycled, the removal of Si from the leach liquor is essential. This study introduces an innovative approach of adding Al(OH)3 for Si removal during the alkali leaching of lithium concentrate. Preliminary single-factor experiments demonstrate that Al(OH)3 effectively reduces the Si concentration in leach liquor but also consumes NaOH, leading to a decline in Li and Rb leaching efficiency. Given the interaction between Al(OH)3 addition and NaOH concentration on element leaching, Response Surface Methodology was employed to predict and optimize the parameters of the leaching process. Under the optimal parameters of 290 g/L NaOH concentration, 39 % Al(OH)3 addition, and 120 °C leaching temperature, the experimental leaching efficiencies of Li, Rb, and Si were 99.8 %, 87.9 %, and 4.1 %, respectively. Subsequently, Rb was separated with Li via solvent extraction under high alkaline conditions. The single-stage extraction efficiency of Rb was 82.8 % at optimized conditions, and after four-stage countercurrent extraction, the overall Rb recovery could reach 99.2 %. The innovative alkali method proposed not only enables the synergistic extraction and separation of Li and Rb but also achieves effective Si removal and its utilization. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Solvent extraction

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Foam Ni-cu enhancement of ultrasound-assisted cu/Sn58Bi/cu joint properties

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Materials Characterization 2025年 225卷

作者： Zhang, Jia-min Zhang, Liang Chen, Yu-hao Long, Wei-min Zhang, Xiao-bin School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361000 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Brazing Filler Metals & Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Zhengzhou450001 China

Foam Cu-Ni possesses a three-dimensional continuous structure, making it a practical reinforcing phase to enhanced joint strength. This study employed ultrasound-assisted soldering to strengthen the bonding between foam Cu-Ni, Sn58Bi solder, and Cu substrates. The microstructure of the composite joints, the growth behavior of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs), and the shear strength were systematically investigated. The study results demonstrated that ultrasonication enhanced the metallurgical reaction between Cu/Sn58Bi-foam Cu-Ni/Cu, achieving excellent metallurgical bonding and accelerated the shaping of interfacial (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 IMC and altered the composition of the IMC layer. The average thickness of the IMC layer increased with prolonged ultrasonic time. The thickness of IMC was 2.04 μm when no ultrasound was applied and increased to 2.79 μm when ultrasound time reached 30s. When the ultrasonic time was lengthened, (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 grew within the matrix, establishing structural continuity with the foam Cu-Ni, significantly improved joint strength. The joint strength reached 62.47 MPa, 17.71 MPa higher strength than joints without ultrasonic treatment while the fracture characteristics showed a mixed fracture mode. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Shear strength

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Facile synthesis of Nano-SiO2@RF@TiO2 anode for lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2025年 988卷

作者： Lei, Haiping Luo, Yiwa Li, Suqin Tu, Jiguo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

Silicon dioxide (SiO2), attributed to its exceptional specific capacity, vast resource availability, and cost-effectiveness, has emerged as a promising anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, its inherent drawbacks of poor electrical conductivity and pronounced volume expansion during charge/discharge cycles pose significant obstacles to widespread adoption. To address these challenges, innovative strategies involving the design of nanostructured SiO2 and its integration with coatings have been explored. The unique structure of the resultant SiO2-based composites (SiO2@RF@TiO2) profoundly facilitates the swift diffusion of both Li+ ions and electrons, enhances the accessibility of active sites for Li+ insertion, and effectively accommodates the volume fluctuations of SiO2 during operation. The SiO2@RF@TiO2 composite demonstrates remarkable performance, exhibiting a superior specific capacity of 502 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, outstanding rate capability and enhanced cycling stability (retaining 323 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 900 cycles), all of which surpass the SiO2@RF, thereby offering a compelling solution for the development of high-performance SiO2-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries. © 2025

关键词： Anodes

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Optimization of vat photopolymerization resin formulation for digital light processing three-dimensional printing of Si3N4 ceramics

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International Journal of Applied Ceramic technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Xuye Duan, Wenyan Li, Shan Liu, Bingshan Wang, Gong Chen, Fei State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing International School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China Technology and Engineering Centre of Space Utilization Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This study aims to optimize the formulation of vat photopolymerization resin for digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing of Si3N4 ceramics to address the challenges posed by their high refractive index. Initially, we evaluated nine commonly used monomers and selected acryloyl morpholine, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, and trimethylolpropane ethoxylated triacrylate based on their quantitative performance. We then employed a formulation experimental design to determine the optimal monomer ratio of 25:60.9:14.1. Furthermore, we optimized the prepolymer (epoxy acrylate) and plasticizer (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate) contents to minimize monomer shrinkage, selecting optimal values of 20 wt.% and 10 wt.%, respectively. Based on these optimizations, we determined the ideal concentrations of photoinitiator, dispersant, and thixotropic agent to be 3, 2, and 2 wt.%, respectively. Finally, using the optimized resin formulation, we prepared a high-solid-content Si3N4 slurry and successfully printed high-precision, complex Si3N4 green structures. This demonstrates the practical applicability of the optimized vat photopolymerization resin formulation, laying a solid foundation for the development of Si3N4 ceramics in DLP 3D printing. © 2025 The American Ceramic Society.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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Mitigating polarization effects in lithium-ion battery capacitors through conductive network enhancement

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 127卷

作者： Guo, Zhang Liu, Zhien An, Yabin Lu, Chihua Li, Chen Xu, Yanan Xie, Liping Sun, Xianzhong Zhang, Xiong Wang, Kai Ma, Yanwei Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Foshan 528200 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Conversion Technology Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology Qilu Zhongke Jinan 250013 China College of Mechanical Engineering & Automation Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China

Lithium-ion battery capacitor (LIBC), which combines battery material and capacitor material in the cathode, has attracted attention for bridging the gap between high energy density and high power density in energy storage devices, but its application is hindered by polarization phenomena. To address this problem, an enhanced cathode conductive network is established by optimizing the conductive agent content and introducing conductive additives, which can improve the electronic and ionic conductivity. Cathode half-cell with enhanced conductive network, utilizing LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ and activated carbon as active materials, carbon black (CB) and vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) as conductive agents, indicates excellent capacity, rate capability, and cycle performance. And it shows low polarization with the voltage differences between the redox peaks of 91 mV at 0.1 mV s⁻¹ in cyclic voltammetry experiments, nearly 26 % smaller than that for a half-cell with only 5 % CB as the conductive agent. Additionally, the complex polarization dynamics are revealed by distribution of relaxation times technique for extracting time scale information and a mathematical model based on the pseudo-two-dimensions theory. Consequently, a full-cell with a pre-lithiated soft carbon anode is assembled, displaying a great device performance of 300.3 Wh kg⁻¹ and 15.7 kW kg⁻¹. After 7500 cycles at 500 mA g⁻¹, the capacity retention of the device can reach 81.1 % and the energy efficiency is 92.4 %. This study contributes to a better understanding of the polarization phenomenon of LIBCs. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Conductive network Distribution of relaxation times Lithium-ion battery capacitors Mathematical model Polarization phenomenon

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Data-Efficient Synchronous Machine Winding Short Circuit Faults Diagnosis Based on Frequency Response Analysis and Active Learning

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19804-19815页

作者： Chen, Yu Zhao, Zhongyong Liu, Jiangnan Wang, Wei Yao, Chenguo Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Southwest University College of Engineering and Technology Chongqing400716 China Yibin Academy of Southwest University Sichuang64400 China Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd Guangzhou510620 China Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing400044 China

Winding short-circuit (SC) faults are a prevalent issue in synchronous machines, and the accurate and timely identification of these faults is critical for maintaining power system stability. Current methods for inspecting synchronous machine windings often rely on periodic inspections based on human expertise. Numerous studies have explored the application of deep learning (DL) models for detecting synchronous machine winding SC faults. However, these models often exhibit excessive complexity and overlook physical overhead, leading to inefficient utilization of computational power and data resources. To address these limitations, this study proposes a dual-channel deep learning (DL) model integrated with the active learning (AL) query strategy. In this study, winding SC faults are manually simulated on a 5 kVA synchronous machine, and corresponding frequency response analysis (FRA) data are recorded. Subsequently, the proposed method is validated on the test set and benchmarked against previous studies. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces the data annotation effort and accelerates model training to the order of seconds (under 5 seconds) while maintaining satisfactory accuracy (≥ 95%). Comparative experimental results further indicate that the proposed model, requiring only 1/20th of the labeled training samples used in previous studies, achieves a substantial reduction of approximately 99.8% in both model parameters and training time. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronous machinery

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Rodent enamel-inspired hydroxyapatite nanocomposites with Fe 3+ -rich amorphous intergranular phases

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Journal of Materials Research and technology 2025年 36卷 7423-7432页

作者： Shenye Chen Zhengjian Su Bingyu Xue Benxi Xu Yafei Cheng Kun Wang Yidi Li Zhengyi Fu Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang 441000 PR China School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting Jianghan University Wuhan 430056 PR China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 PR China

Rodent enamel is primarily composed of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires and Fe 3+ -rich amorphous intergranular phases (AIP). Inspired by rodent tooth enamel, this study successfully formed a layer of Fe 3+ -rich AIP on the outer layer of HAP nanowires by ion exchange between Fe 3+ and Ca 2+ within the HAP lattice. The thermal stability of Fe-HAP nanowires with Fe 3+ -rich AIP was enhanced. By bi-directional freezing of Fe-HAP nanowires with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), rodent enamel-like nanocomposites (Fe-HEN) were obtained. Owing to the reinforcing and toughening effect of Fe 3+ -rich AIP, Fe-HEN exhibited a hardness of 1.66 ± 0.23 GPa, a Young's modulus of 48.8 ± 6.7 GPa in the longitudinal direction, as well as a hardness of 1.38 ± 0.16 GPa and a Young's modulus of 40.2 ± 3.0 GPa in the transversal direction. The flexural strength of the sample reached 153.5 ± 5.0 MPa, which is 2.9 times higher than that of samples without AIP, surpassing the performance of natural rodent enamel. The compressive strength reached 205 ± 4.3 MPa, representing a 1.5-fold increase over the sample without AIP and comparable to that of natural enamel. Compared to samples without AIP, Fe-HEN exhibits superior fracture toughness and crack deflection, better corrosion resistance, owing to the reinforcing effect of Fe 3+ -rich AIP at nanowire interfaces. This study demonstrates the incorporation of amorphous reinforced structures into the tooth enamel-like materials via ion exchange, offering a promising strategy for the development of high-performance multiscale composites.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite nanowires Amorphous intergranular phases Enamel-like nanocomposites Ion exchange Rodent enamel-inspired

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