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Unraveling the Morphological and Energetic Properties of 2PACz Self-Assembled Monolayers Fabricated With Upscaling Deposition Methods

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2025年第2期8卷 295-308页

作者： Silvia Mariotti Ilhem Nadia Rabehi Congyang Zhang Xiaomin Huo Jiahao Zhang Penghui Ji Tianhao Wu Tongtong Li Shuai Yuan Xiaomin Liu Ting Guo Chenfeng Ding Hengyuan Wang Annalisa Bruno Luis K.Ono Yabing Qi Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU) Okinawa Institute of cience and Technology Graduate University (OIST) State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications School of Physical and Mathematical Science & School of Materials Science Engineering & EEnergy Research Institute NTU Nanyang Technological University

Self-assembled monolayers（SAMs） are widely used as hole transport materials in inverted perovskite solar cells,offering low parasitic absorption and suitability for semitransparent and tandem solar *** SAMs have shown to be promising in small-area devices（≤1 cm2）,their application in larger areas has been limited by a lack of knowledge regarding alternative deposition methods beyond the common spin-coating ***,we compare spin-coating and upscalable methods such as thermal evaporation and spray-coating for [2-（9H-carbazol-9-yl）ethyl]phosphonic acid（2PACz）,one of the most common carbazole-based *** impact of these deposition methods on the device performance is investigated,revealing that the spray-coating technique yields higher device ***,our work provides guidelines for the deposition of SAM materials for the fabrication of perovskite solar *** addition,we provide an extensive characterization of 2PACz films focusing on thermal evaporation and spray-coating methods,which allow for thicker 2PACz *** is found that the optimal 2PACz deposition conditions corresponding to the highest device performances do not always correlate with the monolayer characteristics.

关键词： 2PACz Evaporation Perovskite solar cells Self-assembled monolayer Spray-coating

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Mitigating Language Confusion through Inference-time Intervention 31

Mitigating Language Confusion through Inference-time Interve...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Xie, Yunfan Zou, Lixin Luo, Dan Tang, Min Li, Chenliang Dong, Liming Luo, Xiangyang Wuhan University Wuhan China Lehigh University Bethlehem United States Monash University Melbourne Australia National Defense University Beijing China State Key Lab of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Although large language models (LLMs) trained on extensive multilingual corpora exhibit impressive language transfer, they often fail to respond in the user's desired language due to corpus imbalances, an embarrassingly simple problem known as the language confusion. However, existing solutions like in-context learning and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) have drawbacks: in-context learning consumes context window space, diminishing attention as text lengthens, while SFT requires extensive, labor-intensive data collection. To overcome these limitations, we propose the language-sensitive intervention (LSI), a novel, lightweight, and label-free approach. Specifically, we analyze language confusion from a causal perspective, revealing that the training corpus's language distribution acts as a confounder, disadvantaging languages that are underrepresented in the dataset. Then, we identify a language-sensitive dimension in the LLM's residual stream, i.e., the language vector, which allows us to estimate the average causal effect of prompts on this dimension. During inference, we directly intervene on the language vector to generate responses in the desired *** further advance research on this issue, we introduce a new benchmark that detects language confusion and assesses content quality. Experimental results demonstrate that our method effectively mitigates language confusion without additional complex mechanisms. Our code is available at https://***/SoseloX/LSI. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Stance Detection for Social Text: Inference-Enhanced Multi-Task Learning with Machine-Annotated Supervision

Stance Detection for Social Text: Inference-Enhanced Multi-T...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Qiankun Pi Jicang Lu Yepeng Sun Qinlong Fan Xukun Zhou Shouxin Shang State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Stance detection, a natural language processing technique, captures user attitudes on controversial social media topics. However, the semantic ambiguity of social texts makes accurate stance determination challenging. Existing annotated data is often domain-specific, resulting in poor model generalization for unseen targets and cross-domain scenarios. To tackle this challenge, we introduce inference tasks related to stance detection as auxiliary tasks and use a multitask learning approach to improve the model’s understanding of textual semantics. Meanwhile, to alleviate the scarcity of annotated data, we use argumentation corpus with abundant resources as the source domain to train the basic stance detection model. We integrate this model with a large-scale framework to facilitate weakly supervised learning for machine annotation of unlabeled social texts, thereby boosting the model’s adaptability across different targets and domains. Experimental results on four Twitter datasets demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the model’s stance discriminative ability and generalization performance.

关键词： Adaptation models Weak supervision Social networking (online) Annotations Semantics Blogs Transfer learning Signal processing Data models Speech processing

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On the Cycle Structure of Some Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第4期23卷 801-804页

作者： Zhongxiao Wang Hong Xu Wenfeng Qi State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute Zhengzhou China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

In this paper, we partly determine the cycle structure of two types of Nonlinear feedback shift registers (NFSRs). Based on these results, the cycle structure of a class of NFSRs with symmetric feedback functions can be completely characterized. Furthermore, an alternative proof of Kjeldsen's results is presented. Compared with the original proof based on abstract algebra theory, ours is straightforward and easy to understand.

关键词： Abstract algebra Shift registers Cryptography

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Boosting cationic and anionic redox activity of Li-rich layered oxide cathodes via Li/Ni disordered regulation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 533-543页

作者： Zewen Liu Zhen Wu Hao Wang Xudong Zhang Yuanzhen Chen Yongning Liu Shengwu Guo Shenghua Chen Yanli Nan Yan Liu State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055ShaanxiChina Hefei Advanced Computing Center Operation Management Corp Ltd Hefei 230088AnhuiChina Network Information Center Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiChina

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to severe structural degradation caused by irreversible O ***,we introduce a three-in-one strategy of increasing Ni and Mn content,along with Li/Ni disordering and TM–O covalency regulation to boost cationic and anionic redox activity simultaneously and thus enhance the electrochemical activity of *** target material,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.168)Mn_(0.558)Co_(0.074)O_(2)(L1),exhibits an improved ICE of 87.2%and specific capacity of 293.2 mA h g^(-1)and minimal voltage decay of less than 0.53 m V cycle-1over 300 cycles at 1C,compared to Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(Ls)(274.4 mA h g^(-1)for initial capacity,73.8%for ICE and voltage decay of 0.84 mV/cycle over 300 cycles at 1C).Theoretical calculations reveal that the density of states (DOS) area near the Fermi energy level for L1 is larger than that of Ls,indicating higher anionic and cationic redox reactivity than ***,L1 exhibits increased O-vacancy formation energy due to higher Li/Ni disordering of 4.76%(quantified by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement) and enhanced TM–O covalency,making lattice O release more difficult and thus improving electrochemical *** increased Li/Ni disordering also leads to more Ni^(2+)presence in the Li layer,which acts as a pillar during Li+de-embedding,improving structural *** research not only presents a viable approach to designing low-Co LLOs with enhanced capacity and ICE but also contributes significantly to the fundamental understanding of structural regulation in high-performance LIB cathodes.

关键词： Low-Co Li-rich layered oxides Li/Ni disordering TM-O covalency Cationic and anionic redox activity

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Robust Watermarking Based on Multi-layer Watermark Feature Fusion

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年

作者： Wu, Shaowu Lu, Wei Luo, Xiangyang Sun Yat-Sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Information Technology Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Guangzhou510006 China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Henan450002 China

The purpose of robust image watermarking is to embed a watermark into a carrier image in an invisible form and extract the watermark successfully even under noise interference conditions to achieve copyright confirmation and traceability. Although watermarking methods based on deep learning can improve the robustness by adding a noise simulation layer, few theoretical analyses of the codec structure have been conducted. Theoretical explainability is the theoretical basis for developing a network architecture, which plays a guiding role in network development. On the basis of the interpretability of convolutional networks, this paper analyzes the mathematical process of embedding and extracting watermarks in codecs and proposes a novel watermarking framework based on multi-layer watermark feature fusion. Specifically, the encoder can be a convolutional network structure of arbitrary depth, whereas the decoder needs only to adopt its corresponding deconvolution structure. To improve the quality and robustness of the generated watermarked image, the watermark is associated with an arbitrary layer feature space in the decoder. In the decoder, the network quickly converges to each original encoding feature space through the deconvolution structure, thus decoupling the watermark features. Finally, the watermark is extracted via the automatic fusion of multi-layer watermark features. The experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for few-shot learning, and its invisibility, robustness and generalization performance on multiple datasets are significantly better than those of other advanced methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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Edge-Driven Industrial computing Power Networks: Digital Twin-Empowered Service Provisioning by Hybrid Soft Actor-Critic

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8095-8109页

作者： Zhang, Long Song, Deng-Ao Zhang, Hongliang Tian, Ni Zhuang, Zirui Niyato, Dusit Han, Zhu Hebei University of Engineering School of Information and Electrical Engineering Handan056038 China Peking University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Beijing100871 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing100876 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

With the proliferation of data-intensive industrial applications, the collaboration of computing powers among standalone edge servers is vital to provision such services for smart devices. In this paper, we propose an edge-driven industrial computing power network (CPN) by orchestrating the computing and network resources of edge servers through the centralized resource scheduling and decentralized task computing. However, efficient task offloading and collaborative processing is challenging, which requires higher degrees of network automation and intelligence. Therefore, we incorporate digital twins (DTs) into the edge-driven CPN architecture, where the DTs are created as the digital replicas to assist both the computation offloading and collaborative processing. A joint optimization problem of the computing power assignment, service association, task partition, and transmit power control is formulated for maximizing the system average weighted utility. Due to the temporal-spatial variability of tasks and the resulted dynamic environment, we transform the original problem as a Markov decision process aiming at maximizing the long-term average weighted utility. To efficiently handle the high-dimensional discrete-continuous action space, a hybrid soft actor-critic based deep reinforcement learning algorithm is developed for optimizing the joint design. Simulation results validate the superiority of our proposed algorithm over the benchmarks, showing the significant gains obtained by integrating DTs into the edge-driven CPN. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

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Pixel+ and Pixel++: compact and efficient forward-secure multi-signatures for PoS blockchain consensus 24

Pixel+ and Pixel++: compact and efficient forward-secure mul...

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Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium

作者： Jianghong Wei Guohua Tian Ding Wang Fuchun Guo Willy Susilo Xiaofeng Chen State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN) Xidian University and State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN) Xidian University College of Cyber Science Nankai University School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133441

Multi-signature schemes have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their popular applications in PoS blockchains. However, the use of general multi-signature schemes poses a critical threat to the security of PoS blockchains once signing keys get corrupted. That is, after an adversary obtains enough signing keys, it can break the immutable nature of PoS blockchains by forking the chain and modifying the history from some point in the past. Forward-secure multi-signature (FS-MS) schemes can overcome this issue by periodically updating signing keys. The only FS-MS construction currently available is Drijvers et al's Pixel, which builds on pairing groups and only achieves forward security at the time period *** this work, we present new FS-MS constructions that either are free from pairing or capture forward security at the individual message level (i.e., fine-grained forward security). Our first construction Pixel+ works for a maximum number of time periods T. Pixel+ signatures consist of only one group element, and can be verified using two exponentiations. It is the first FS-MS from RSA assumption, and has 3.5x and 22.8x faster signing and verification than Pixel, respectively. Our second FS-MS construction Pixel++ is a pairing-based one. It immediately revokes the signing key's capacity of re-signing the message after creating a signature on this message, rather than at the end of the current time period. Thus, it provides more practical forward security than Pixel. On the other hand, Pixel++ is almost as efficient as Pixel in terms of signing and verification. Both Pixel+ and Pixel++ allow for non-interactive aggregation of signatures from independent signers and are proven to be secure in the random oracle model. In addition, they also support the aggregation of public keys, significantly reducing the storage overhead on PoS *** demonstrate how to integrate Pixel+ and Pixel++ into PoS blockchains. As a proof-of-concept, we provid

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Ultra-low power MoS2 optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity for color target recognition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 187-196页

作者： Bo WEI Yabo CHEN Xiaotong HAN Yan KANG Bujia LIANG Cheng LI Xiaokuo YANG Liang FANG Yuanxi PENG Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology Fundamentals Department Air Force Engineering University College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Optoelectronic synapses that integrate visual perception and pre-processing hold significant potential for neuromorphic vision systems（NVSs）. However, due to a lack of wavelength sensitivity, existing NVS mainly focuses on gray-scale image processing, making it challenging to recognize color images. Additionally, the high power consumption of optoelectronic synapses, compared to the 10 fJ energy consumption of biological synapses, limits their broader application. To address these challenges, an energy-efficient NVS capable of color target recognition in a noisy environment was developed,utilizing a MoS2optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity. Benefiting from the distinct photon capture capabilities of 450, 535, and 650 nm light, the optoelectronic synapse exhibits wavelength-dependent synaptic plasticity, including excitatory postsynaptic current（EPSC）, paired-pulse facilitation（PPF）, and long-term plasticity（LTP）. These properties can effectively mimic the visual memory and color discrimination functions of the human vision system. Results demonstrate that the NVS, based on MoS2optoelectronic synapses, can eliminate the color noise at the sensor level, increasing color image recognition accuracy from 50% to 90%. Importantly, the optoelectronic synapse operates at a low voltage spike of0.0005 V, consuming only 0.075 fJ per spike, surpassing the energy efficiency of both existing optoelectronic and biological synapses. This ultra-low power, color-sensitive device eliminates the need for color filters and offers great promise for future deployment in filter-free NVS.

关键词： optoelectronic synapse neuromorphic vision system color recognition 2D materials image pre-processing

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Obtaining Electromagnetic Properties of Multi-Type Media in Realistic Environments:state-of-the-Art and Prospects

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China Communications 2025年第1期22卷 25-40页

作者： Guo Lantu Guan Ke Liu Ting He Danping Zhang Haixia Zhu Qiuming Lu Jun Zhang Minggao China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation Qingdao 266107China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing-Computing Integration Jinan 250061China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001China

To meet the requirements of electromagnetic(EM)theory and applied physics,this study presents an overview of the state-of-the-art research on obtaining the EM properties of media and points out potential solutions that can break through the bottlenecks of current ***,based on the survey of three mainstream approaches for acquiring EM properties of media,we identify the difficulties when implementing them in realistic *** a focus on addressing these problems and challenges,we propose a novel paradigm for obtaining the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic ***,within this paradigm,we describe the implementation approach of the key technology,namely“multipath extraction using heterogeneous wave propagation data in multi-spectrum cases”.Finally,the latest measurement and simulation results show that the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic environments can be precisely and efficiently acquired by the methodology proposed in this study.

关键词： electromagnetic properties of media multi-type media parameter inversion ray tracing realistic environment

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