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SmartMat 2021年第2期2卷 234-245页

作者： Niuwa Yang Dong Chen Penglei Cui Tingyu Lu Hui Liu Chaoquan Hu Lin Xu Jun Yang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry NanjingJiangsuChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina

Heterogeneous nanocomposites comprising chemically distinct constituents are particularly promising in *** herein report a synthetic strategy that combines the reduction of Pt and Co ionic precursors at an appropriate ratio with the subsequent phosphating at an elevated temperature for forming heterogeneous nanocomposites consisting of quasi-spherical Pt_(3)Co alloy domains and rod-like CoP_(2) domains for high-efficiency methanol *** strong electronic coupling between Pt_(3)Co and CoP_(2) domains in the nanocomposites render the electron density around Pt atoms to decrease,which is favorable for reducing the adsorption of poisoning CO-like intermediates on the catalyst ***,the as-prepared heterogeneous Pt_(3)Co–CoP_(2) nanocomposites show good performance for methanol electrooxidation both in acidic and alkaline *** specific,at a Pt loading of only 6.4%on a common carbon substrate,the mass-based activity of Pt_(3)Co–CoP_(2) nanocomposites in an acidic medium is about 2 and 1.5 times as high as that of commercial Pt/C catalyst(20%mass loading)and home-made Pt_(3)Co alloy nanoparticles(8.0%mass loading),while in the alkaline medium,these values are 3 and 2,respectively.

关键词： electrocatalysis electronic coupling methanol electro-oxidation nanocomposite Pt_(3)Co-CoP_(2)

Experimental Investigations of Liquid Immersion Cooling for 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Under Fast Charging Conditions

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Lv, Jizu Gao, Linsong Huang, Heng Li, Yulong Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

In this study, a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on FS49 is proposed and tested for cooling the cylindrical lithium-ion battery (LIB) module under fast charging conditions. Firstly, the temperature response of the battery module under 3 C rate charging with forced air cooling (FAC) and liquid immersion cooling (LIC) is compared. The results indicate that the LIC has excellent heat dissipation performance, and the peak temperature and peak temperature difference of the module are reduced by 19.6 °C and 8.99 °C, respectively, compared with the FAC, while the cooling energy consumption of LIC is only 40.4% of the FAC. It is found that the LIC embraces advantages of efficient cooling and minimizing the temperature non-uniformity in battery pack. Subsequently, the thermal management performance of the proposed LIC is investigated under conventional C rate discharging and different fast charging schemes. Finally, effect of condenser flow rate and cooling water temperature were investigated. This study demonstrates the application prospect of the LIC in the field of LIB fast charging. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

A Subchannel Analysis Code Star for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liang, Yu Zhang, Dalin Zhang, Jing Liu, Xiao Liu, Yapeng Zhou, Lei Chen, Yutong Mikityuk, Konstantin Wang, Xiaoyu Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China Nuclear Power Institute of China 328 Changshun Avenue Chengdu610213 China Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen PSI5232 Switzerland

The strong coupling heat transfer between subassemblies and inter-wrapper gaps is closely related to the safety of the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). Therefore, it is very important to carry out a detailed thermal hydraulic analysis of the core. In this paper, the inter-wrapper channel is modeled using the subchannel method, and a two-fluid subchannel analysis model is developed based on the staggered grid method. The core thermal-hydraulic analysis code STAR (Subchannel Thermal-hydraulic Analysis code for SFR) is developed by using SIMPLE algorithm. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactors

Numerical Study on Thermal-Hydraulic Characteristics of Lead-Bismuth Loop System Under Moving Conditions

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yuan, Lanfei Wang, Chenglong Liu, Zhipeng Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China

The investigation of flow and heat transfer of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) under moving conditions is vital to the design optimization of LBE loop system in offshore engineering. In this paper, the calculation model of lead-bismuth loop system and the calculation method of moving conditions are developed by using commercial CFD software, and experiments were carried out to verify the numerical results. The calculation results demonstrate that the moving conditions will cause periodic fluctuations in the natural circulation flow rate of the loop system. The period of the flow rate fluctuation is consistent with the motion period, and the amplitude of the fluctuation will increase with the increase of the maximum range of motion and the decrease of the motion period. When the maximum heaving amplitude is 0.3m and the period is 8s, the instantaneous fluctuation of the flow rate reaches a maximum of 0.8%, and the reverse flow phenomenon occurs under rolling motion. Rolling and heaving motion also make heat transfer characteristic parameters of the system have periodic instantaneous fluctuation. The maximum instantaneous fluctuation of Nu number reaches 4.63%, and the maximum time average Nu can reach -2.15% under heaving motion of 0.3m-8s. In addition, the influence of rolling on system parameters is more severe than that of heaving. These results obtained in this study have important engineering application value for the design of LBE loop system under moving conditions. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

Effects of Imposing Contact Angle Schemes and Constructing a Special Ghost Fluid Layer on the Heated Substrate in Pseudopotential Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Sessile Droplet Evaporation

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Dongmin Cheng, Ping Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Shanghai Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China

The primitive pseudopotential-based scheme (PP scheme), the modified pseudopotential-based scheme (MP scheme) and the improved virtual-density scheme (IVD scheme) are the three most widely used contact angle schemes to simulate wall wetting characteristics in the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann (LB) model under isothermal conditions. In this paper, these three widely used contact angle schemes are applied to simulate the problem of sessile droplet evaporation on a heated substrate, which is a non-isothermal phase-change process where temperature varies spatially and temporally. It is found that (i) using the PP scheme (primitive pseudopotential-based scheme) and the MP scheme (modified pseudopotential-based scheme) may lead to algorithmic instability problems in certain ranges of contact angles, deformation of droplet interface shape or Marangoni vortices shape, generation of unphysical vortices near the heated substrate, or result in erroneous temperature distributions near droplet triple-phase line. (ii) The IVD scheme (improved virtual-density scheme) has better algorithmic stability than the PP scheme and MP scheme (primitive pseudopotential-based scheme and the modified pseudopotential-based scheme), where the droplet interface shape and Marangoni vortices shape are correct, the unphysical vortices and the erroneous temperature distribution near droplet triple-phase line disappear. (iii) If a special ghost fluid layer (as proposed in this paper) is constructed on the wall when the PP scheme or the MP scheme (primitive pseudopotential-based scheme or the modified pseudopotential-based scheme) is implemented, the instability of the numerical solution is improved, the deformation of droplet interface shape and the Marangoni vortices shape are corrected, and the unphysical vortices near the heated substrate and the erroneous temperature distribution near droplet triple-phase line disappear. The addition of such a special kind of ghost fluid layer at the heated wa

关键词： Vortex flow

Experimental Study on Thermoelectric Characteristics of Heat Pipe Reactor (Nuster-100) Single Assembly

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yang, Haiwang Wang, Chenglong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui H. Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

The heat pipe cooled reactor has the advantages of miniaturization,modularization and high inherent safety,having broad application prospects in the fields of national defense and military,space exploration and energy supply in remote *** this paper, a heat pipe-thermoelectric generator integrated experimental device similar to the heat pipe cooled reactor (NUSTER-100) Single Assembly is *** heat transfer performance of sodium heat pipe and thermoelectric performance of Half-Heusler thermoelectric generator are *** results show that after the sodium heat pipe is started,the axial temperature difference of the heat pipe is 85°C,the equivalent heat transfer coefficient is 40886W/K·m,which can provide stable heat to the thermoelectric *** performance parameters of thermoelectric generator such as open voltage,output power increase with the hot side temperature *** maximum thermoelectric conversion efficiency of single thermoelectric generator reaches 7.2%,but the efficiency of integrated experimental device is only 3.5%. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat pipes

Supercritical Water Gasification of Phenol with Metal Cations-A Way to Degrade Coal Industrial Wastewater and Metal-Contaminated Wastewater Simultaneously

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Cao, Wen Wang, Shaoqi Ma, Lujing Liu, Shi Jin, Hui Wei, Wenwen Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road Xi’an710049 China Suzhou Academy of Xi’an Jiaotong University No.99 Ren’ai Road Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China

Phenol is a representative compound in coal industrial wastewater. Metal cations are the main harmful components in the wastewater of the electroplating and dyeing industries. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of phenol with metal cations could provide a promising way to degrade coal chemical wastewater and metal-containing wastewater simultaneously. In this study, SCWG of phenol with Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ was carried out to investigate the effect of metal cations on gasification results. Results showed that gaseous product was mainly composed of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2, and CO2 was the dominant one. Prolonging residence time and increasing the concentration of metal cations significantly increased the gas yield of CO2 and carbon gasification efficiency. Higher concentrations of metal cations facilitated methane-reforming reaction and water-gas shift reaction. Metal cations promoted the generation of 1-Ethoxybutane by the ring-breaking reaction and prevented the polymerization reaction. The order of catalytic effect was ranked as Ni2+>Mn2+>Mg2+. Mg2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ were finally transformed into the corresponding metal hydroxides and metal oxides which could be recycled for reutilization. NiO could be reduced into metallic Ni, which consumed the H2 but effectively catalyzed SCWG of phenol. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phenols

Optimizing Interfacial Environment of Triphasic Zno-Cu-Zro2 Confined Inside Mesoporous Silica Spheres for Enhancing Co2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Chen, Changwei Kosari, Mohammadreza Xi, Shibo Lim, Alvin M.H. He, Chi Zeng, Hua Chun Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent 119260 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore

Herein, the well-known ternary Cu 0 -ZnO-ZrO 2 (CZZ) was spatially sequestered as fine, uniformly-dispersed optimized active interfaces onto an engineered mesoporous silica sphere (MSS), giving rise to Cu 0 -ZnO-ZrO 2 /MSS (CZZ-MSS) with confined binary Cu 0 -ZnO/Cu 0 -ZrO 2 and ternary interfaces that fostered methanol production under moderate conditions. By systematically investigating the CZZ-MSS performance. Besides, the strong metal-support interaction arising from interacting metallic Cu and metal oxides (ZnO and ZrO 2 ) within the confined, ultrasmall nanoparticles ( © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zinc oxide

Capillary Limit of a Sodium Screen-Wick Heat Pipe

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ma, Yugao Wang, Xueqing Yu, Hongxing Huang, Shanfang Zhang, Yingnan Huang, Jian Su, Guanghui Deng, Jian Chai, Xiaoming Hu, Wenzhen School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shanxi Xi’an710049 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering China

High-temperature alkali-metal heat pipes are passive heat transfer devices, where the capillary pressure created by the menisci in the wick pumps the condensed fluid back to the evaporator. Thus, the heat pipe heat transfer capacity is limited by the maximum capillary pressure at high heat fluxes. This work presents a two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model that includes the capillary and gravitational forces that are used to predict the capillary limit which is then validated by experimental data. The predicted critical heat flux temperature has an error of less than 20℃ and a relative error of 6%. The predicted transient sequences are consistent with the measurements. The model shows that capillary limit is affected by inclination angle, heat flux, and wick structure. For inclinations, the critical heat flux at the capillary limit is linearly related to the inclination angle with the predicted temperature rising 2 ~10℃/s during the early stage of the capillary limit critical heat flux condition. The evaporator temperature oscillates before the capillary limit with positive inclinations. For heat fluxes, increasing the heat flux by 17% increases the temperature increase rate 10 fold with a longer dryout length. The evaporator exhibits hysteresis after the capillary limit due to partial dryout of evaporator. For wick structures, reducing the mesh screen pitch from 80 μm to 15 μm reduces the critical heat flux to 10% of the CHF at 80 μm. This model can accurately predict the heat pipe temperature variations at the capillary limit and can explain the physical mechanisms for the dryout oscillations and recovery hysteresis at the capillary limit. Thus, the measurements and model provide analytical guidelines for designing heat pipe cooling systems. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat flux

Oxidation of Typical Zr-1nb Alloy in High-Temperature Air Under 700–900 °C

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Jiang, Guanyu Xu, Donghai Liu, Lu Ding, Xin Kuang, Wenjun Wang, Mingjun Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Province Xi’an710049 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Province Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

m-ZrO2 is always the dominant phase, while oxide shapes, the integrity and roughness of oxide films share evident differences. At 900 °C, M5 alloy exhibits kinetics transition and breakaway oxidation at approximately 80 min. The pre-transition oxidation follows a parabola kinetics with the rate exponent n being 1.65. The presence of ZrO and ZrO0.35 sub-oxides accounts for the high reaction activation energy (149.6 kJ/mol). During the kinetics transition, some intergranular cracks turn transgranular, and pores distribute on the oxide layer and O/M interface. Air ingress through the oxide layer is jointly affected by air transport and ion diffusion. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxidation