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A Comparative Study of the Electrodes Gels’Electrical Properties in the Measurement Issues of Intrabody Communication

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Journal of Beijing institute of Technology 2022年第1期31卷 71-80页

作者： Fengjie Lin Ziliang Wei Jiejie Yang Yangrong Wen Yueming Gao Sio Hang Pun Mang I Vai Min Du College of Physics and Information Engineering Key Laboratory of Medical Instrumentation&Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian ProvinceFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI University of MacaoTaipaMO 999078China

Intrabody communication(IBC)technology is becoming progressively more standard-ized due to its low power consumption and high security features incorporated into the third phys-ical layer of the IEEE 802.15.6 *** then,there are still many challenges in normalizing the measurement issues of IBC.A major concern that should not be overlooked is the electrodes in the IBC,especially the popular use of gel *** the channel measurements,gel electrodes are commonly employed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and prevent electrodes from falling *** this paper,a comparative study of the electrical properties of gel was investigated during the measurement of human channel characteristics and to clarify the differences of ***,the basis of electrostatic field pole plate measurements and electromagnetic theory were introduced to interpretate how the relative permittivity and conductivity of different gels will influence the meas-urement *** the in vivo experiments with different gel or dry electrodes were performed to compare the differences induced by the *** results indicate that the influence of the gel on the human channel measurement is mainly concentrated below 400 kHz(the attenuation is re-duced by 16.7 dB on average),and the stability of the permittivity and conductivity of the gel has a direct impact on the stability of its measurement of the human *** result may provide a meaningful reference for the standardization of electrode usage in IBC.

关键词： intrabody communication channel characteristic measurement gel electrodes permit-tivity conductivity

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A Low-cost and Energy-efficient Real-time Speech Isolation Model for AIoT

A Low-cost and Energy-efficient Real-time Speech Isolation M...

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Automation, Robotics and Computer Engineering (ICARCE), International Conference on

作者： Kaibo Xu Wei-Han Yu Ka-Fai Un Rui P. Martins Pui-In Mak State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau China

ISBN: (数字)9798331529505

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529512

In the pursuit of efficient speech processing, deep learning-based denoising models have been hindered by a large number of parameters and high computational intensity. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning-based lightweight time-domain speech denoising model that avoids the computational overhead of the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) used in frequency-domain approaches. The design focus of this model is to achieve real-time processing and small model size while also achieving good speech isolation performance. Inspired by the U-Net architecture, the model uses a downsampling and upsampling strategy to compress and then restore data dimensions, with an encoder-separator-decoder structure at its core. The encoder, consisting of five convolutional modules with different stride lengths, captures a wide range of speech features, which are then refined by a transformer-based separator. The transformer, with its unique self-attention mechanism, is capable of capturing long-range dependencies within the speech signal, a crucial aspect for accurately predicting and separating noise components. This enables the model to better understand the context and relationships within the speech waveform, leading to enhanced noise reduction capabilities. The decoder, employing transposed convolutional layers, achieves high fidelity in speech prediction. This model not only reduces the number of parameters to less than 100K, but also maintains denoising effectiveness, making it viable for use on devices with limited computing power. The results indicate a promising direction for time-domain models in speech processing applications.

关键词： Performance evaluation Convolution Computational modeling Particle separators Noise reduction Noise Speech enhancement Transformers Real-time systems Time-domain analysis

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A 0.11-pJ/Bit True Random Number Generator Based on a Clocked Current-Starved Inverter 17

A 0.11-pJ/Bit True Random Number Generator Based on a Clocke...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Solid-state and Integrated Circuit Technology, ICSICT 2024

作者： Cheng, Kai Yang, Chaowei Martins, Rui P. Mak, Pui-In Chen, Yong University of Macau State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI IME/ECE-FST China Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa1049-001 Portugal Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361834

This paper presents a clocked current-starved inverter-based true random number generator (TRNG) in 65-nm CMOS. The design of the TRNG uses inverter noise amplification and quantification through a sense latch. We add two extra transistors to a regular inverter to construct a current-starved inverter, used to remove the bias of the raw TRNG sequence generated by charge injection and SL offset. An adaptive calibration algorithm in conjunction with successive approximation register logic provides the biasing to the clocked current-starved inverter. Our TRNG occupies an area of only 0.0026 mm2and scores an energy efficiency of 0.11 pJ/bit for a 10 Mb/s random sequence with a 0.5 V supply. It can operate efficiently across a 0.5-1.4 V. Our TRNG is able to pass all the National institute of Standards and Technology tests without requiring post-processing. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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A Novel Multiple Modes Resonant Sensor Featuring Blue Sideband Excitation 38

A Novel Multiple Modes Resonant Sensor Featuring Blue Sideba...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Xu, Jiao Zheng, Zhuoyue Xi, Jingqian Zhang, Ziqian Liu, Huafeng Zhang, Pan Chen, Jianlin Wang, Chen Kraft, Michael Wang, Yuan Martins, R.P. Mak, Pui-In Huazhong University of Science and Technology Moe Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement Pgmf School of Physics Wuhan430074 China University of Macau Institute of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal Vlsi 999078 China Peking University National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology School of Integrated Circuits 100871 China Shanghai University School of Microelectronics 200444 China Ku Leuven Department of Electrical Engineering-MNS Leuven3000 Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

This paper reports a novel MEMS resonant structure functioning as a baseline resonant electrostatic force/temperature sensor, highlighting its substantial potential in sensing applications. The resonator, characterized by a dual-cosine structure, is capable of simultaneous multiple resonant modes actuation within the 300 kHz range, through a sole-source drive approach using the recent emerging Blue Sideband Excitation (BSE) technique. This method enables a distinctive multi-modal response, essential for multi-parameter measurements. The research focuses on the sensor's temperature characteristics, electrostatic perturbation sensitivity, and noise floor. Notably, the study reveals intriguing temperature responses across different modes, where certain modes exhibit a significant frequency rise with increasing temperature, this is counter-intuitive with common MEMS resonator devices, prompting further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. The analysis of electrostatic perturbation sensitivity and noise background further unfolds the resonator's performance under various excitation conditions, laying a foundation for advancing sensor functionality, and providing solid evidence on the viability of the subject. To sum up, this study highlights the resonator's potential as a high-precision sensor, opening new opportunities for MEMS sensor design and multi-parameter measurement applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Microchannels

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Sliding-Mode Based Model Predictive Control for Enhancing Robustness and Output Performance in Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Systems

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IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2025年

作者： Chan, Pak-Ian Ieong, Chi-Fong Iam, Io-Wa Lam, Chi-Seng University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI 999078 China University of Macau Institute of Microelectronics 999078 China University of Macau Faculty of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 999078 China

In dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) systems for automated guided vehicles (AGVs), the movement of the AGV can significantly impact the coupling coefficient, degrading the output performance. Conventional control methods, while capable of addressing this challenge, often exhibit weak robustness due to their sensitivity to circuit parameter variations and require trial-and-error process for tuning coefficients, thus increasing design complexity and difficulty. This paper proposes a sliding-mode based model predictive control (SM-MPC) approach tailored for DIPT systems to enhance robustness and output performance. The SM-MPC employs a predictive model to force the control object to converge to a sliding surface, leveraging fast dynamic response characteristics to mitigate AGV movement-induced disturbances. A pole-placement method is introduced to directly acquire the optimal sliding coefficient, eliminating iterative tuning requirements and simplifying the design process. Herein, the DIPT system model is presented, followed by the SM-MPC design methodology, stability analysis, and sliding coefficient design. Finally, simulations and experimental results validate the proposed SM-MPC’s effectiveness in stabilizing the output performance of DIPT systems, demonstrating improved robustness against parameter variations and disturbances caused by AGV movement compared to existing control methods. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Predictive control systems

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A Blocker-Tolerant Mixer-First Receiver with Channel BW Extention Technique Achieving 22.2 dBm OOB-IIP3 and 23.3 MHz BW 7

A Blocker-Tolerant Mixer-First Receiver with Channel BW Exte...

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7th International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, ICICM 2022

作者： He, Yongjun Qi, Gengzhen Mak, Pui-In Sun Yat-sen University School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Zhuhai China University of Macau State-Key Lab of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI / IME China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665460439

In this work, a 0.5-To-2 GHz blocker-Tolerant mixer-first receiver (RX) is proposed, which features a pair of complex poles to extend the Bandwidth (BW) and enhance the linearity, a fully-differential low-noise transconductance-Amplifier (LNTA) to improve noise Figure (NF), and a transmission-gate (TG) mixer to reduce the local oscillator (LO) leakage. By using an attenuator as the bypass feedback of capacitor, a pair of complex poles is introduced at baseband (BB) as low-pass response and frequency-Translated to RF as bandpass response, achieving-40dB/dec roll-off slope. When implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, the simulation results show that at 80 MHz offset the RX achieves 22.2 dBm OOB-IIP3, 23.3 MHz channel BW and-81 dBm LO leakage. Covering from 0.5 to 2 GHz, the NF ranges 4.1 to 6.2 dB while the RX consumes a reasonable power of 57 to 75 mW. The active area is 0.96 mm^{2}. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Mixers (machinery)

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A Low-Power Blocker-Tolerant Receiver with Wideband Negative-Feedback Technique Achieving 22.4dBm OOB-IIP3 7

A Low-Power Blocker-Tolerant Receiver with Wideband Negative...

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7th International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, ICICM 2022

作者： Cai, Chenxiang Qi, Gengzhen Mak, Pui-In Sun Yat-sen University School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Zhuhai China University of Macau State-Key Lab of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/IME China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665460439

This paper proposes a low-power four-phase wideband negative-feedback (WNF) receiver which is tunable to operate at 0.1 to 2GHz. A gain-boosted N-path low-noise amplifier (LNA) is employed to achieve both low noise Figure (NF) and high linearity. Besides, an extra up-conversion path is introduced from baseband (BB) output to radio frequency (RF) input to create a negative-feedback loop that optimizes the input-impedance matching. The Miller theory has been extended to passive-mixer switches to realize a smaller input parasitic capacitance. Implemented in 65nm CMOS process, the simulation results show that the receiver achieves 22.4dBm OOB-IIP3 at 80MHz offset frequency and 16.4MHz channel BW at 2GHz. When covering 0.1 to 2GHz, the NF ranges from 2.S to 5dB and gain varies from 31.8 to 35.7dB, while only paying 7 to 31mW power consumption. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Noise figure

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High-Performance Multistage Constant Current Charging for Wireless Power Transfer Systems 48

High-Performance Multistage Constant Current Charging for Wi...

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48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2022

作者： Ieong, Chi-Fong Iam, Io-Wa Ding, Zhaoyi Lam, Chi-Seng State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI University of Macau Macau China Institute of Microelectronics University of Macau Macau China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau China

ISBN: (数字)9781665480253

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480253

In lithium-ion (li-ion) battery charging process, multistage constant-current (MSCC) charging can effectively increase the charging capacity with less charging time compared with the conventional constant current-to-constant voltage (CC-to-CV) charging in wired charging. This paper proposes and designs a MSCC charging strategy for the wireless power transfer system. By using the LCC-S compensation topology for the inductive power transfer (IPT) converter, the current gain is designed with mathematical derivation to achieve load-independent current output with zero phase angle (ZPA) according to the MSCC charging pattern. Phase-shift modulation (PSM) is adopted to control the input DC-link of the WPT system to achieve different current outputs according to different CC stages. Finally, the charging system is simulated to verify the correctness of the design and the feasibility of the proposed WPT system with MSCC charging. The maximum efficiency of the system is 92.4% and the time-averaged efficiency is 91.3%. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Modelling and Analysis of ?S-Modulation-Based Output Spectrum Spur Reduction in Dual-Path Hybrid DC-DC Converters 17

Modelling and Analysis of ?S-Modulation-Based Output Spectru...

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17th International Conference on Ph.D Research in microelectronics and Electronics, PRIME 2022

作者： Zhang, Xiongjie Jiang, Yang Law, Man-Kay Mak, Pui-In Martins, Rui P. University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal Vlsi China Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467001

This paper presents a first mathematical model for estimating the output spectrum spurs of dual-path hybrid (DPH) DC-DC converters and proposes a ?S-modulation control technique to reduce harmonic spikes. The proposed model is hand-calculation friendly and can ensure reasonable accuracy. It features the prediction of the output spectrum spurs that can compromise the noise characteristic of the converters. We also propose a spur reduction method using a 2-2 MASH ?S-modulator to replace the conventional pulse-width modulation control, realizing a 4th order noise shaping function for better noise and limit-cycle spike suppression with relaxed stability issue. Simulation results show that the ?S-modulation controlled DPH converter achieves a spectrum spike reduction of 17. 6dB and 15.2 dB in low-and high-frequency conditions, respectively, compared with PWM control. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Delta sigma modulation

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A Bivariate Control Strategy on Inductive Power Transfer Converter for Multi-Stage Constant Current Charging 48

A Bivariate Control Strategy on Inductive Power Transfer Con...

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48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2022

作者： Ding, Zhaoyi Iam, Io-Wa Ieong, Chi-Fong Lam, Chi-Seng State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI University of Macau Macau China Institute of Microelectronics University of Macau Macau China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau China

ISBN: (数字)9781665480253

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480253

Compared with the conventional constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging profile of Li-ion battery, multi-stage constant current (MSCC) charging profile that composed of different constant current stages can improve the charging rate. This paper proposes a MSCC charging profile for an inductive power transfer (IPT) converter with LCC-S compensation topology. However, the wide load range variation during charging process impacts the transfer efficiency of the IPT converter. Thus, aiming to improve the transfer efficiency throughout the whole MSCC charging process, a bivariate operation approach is proposed with a variable inductance to achieve different constant current stages, while the voltage-controlled semi-active rectifier (VCSAR) is controlled to ensure the converter's efficiency optimization. Finally, simulation study is conducted based on PSIM software simulation to verify the validity and effectiveness of the bivariate control strategy and MSCC charging for the LCC-S compensated IPT converter. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Efficiency

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