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AtomGAN:unsupervised deep learning for fast and accurate defect detection of 2D materials at the atomic scale

Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 102-114页

作者： Danpeng CHENG Wuxin SHA Zuo XU Shide LI Zhigao YIN Yuling LANG Shun TANG Yuan-Cheng CAO State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology CITIC Dicastal Co. Ltd.

The extraction of atomic-level material features from electron microscope images is crucial for studying structure-property relationships and discovering new materials. However, traditional electron microscope analyses rely on time-consuming and complex human operations; thus, they are only applicable to images with a small number of atoms. In addition, the analysis results vary due to observers' individual deviations. Although efforts to introduce automated methods have been performed previously, many of these methods lack sufficient labeled data or require various conditions in the detection process that can only be applied to the target material. Thus, in this study, we developed AtomGAN, which is a robust, unsupervised learning method, that segments defects in classical 2D material systems and the heterostructures of MoS2/WS2automatically. To solve the data scarcity problem, the proposed model is trained on unpaired simulated data that contain point and line defects for MoS2/WS2. The proposed AtomGAN was evaluated on both simulated and real electron microscope images. The results demonstrate that the segmented point defects and line defects are presented perfectly in the resulting figures, with a measurement precision of 96.9%. In addition, the cycled structure of AtomGAN can quickly generate a large number of simulated electron microscope images.

关键词： deep learning generative adversarial network defect detection atomic resolution 2D materials

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Research progresses of cathodic hydrogen evolution in advanced lead–acid batteries

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Science Bulletin 2016年第6期61卷 451-458页

作者： Feng Wang Chen Hu Min Zhou Kangli Wang Jiali Lian Jie Yan Shijie Cheng Kai Jiang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074 China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192 China

Integrating high content carbon into the negative electrodes of advanced lead–acid batteries effectively eliminates the sulfation and improves the cycle life,but brings the problem of hydrogen evolution,which increases inner pressure and accelerates the water *** this review,the mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction in advanced lead–acid batteries,including lead–carbon battery and ultrabattery,is briefly *** strategies on suppression hydrogen evolution via structure modifications of carbon materials and adding hydrogen evolution inhibitors are summarized as *** review points out effective ways to inhibit hydrogen evolution and prolong the cycling life of advanced lead–acid battery,especially in high-rate partial-state-of-charge applications.

关键词： Lead–carbon battery Ultrabattery Hydrogen evolution reaction Hydrogen inhibition

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Construction of LiCl/LiF/LiZn hybrid SEI interface achieving high-performance sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1990-2001页

作者： Chaochao Wei Yujie Xiao Zhongkai Wu Chen Liu Qiyue Luo Ziling Jiang Lin Li Liang Ming Jie Yang Shijie Cheng Chuang Yu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)have received extensive attention due to their high energy density and high safety,while the poor interface stability between sulfide electrolyte and lithium metal anode limits their ***,a hybrid SEI(LICl/Li F/Li Zn)was constructed at the interface between Li_(5.5)PS_(4.5)Cl_(1.5)sulfide electrolyte and lithium *** Li Cl and Li F interface phases with high interface energy effectively induce the uniform deposition of Li^(+)and reduce the overpotential of Li^(+)deposition,while the Li Zn alloy interface phase accelerates the diffusion of lithium *** synergistic effect of the above functional interface phases inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites and stabilizes the interface between the sulfide electrolyte and lithium *** hybrid SEI strategy exhibits excellent electrochemical performance on symmetric batteries and all-solid-state *** symmetrical cell exhibits stable cycling performance over long duration over 500 h at 1.0 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the LiNbO_(3)@NCM712/Li_(5.5)PS_(4.5)Cl_(1.5)/Li-10%Zn F_(2)battery exhibits excellent cycle stability at a high rate of 0.5 C,with a capacity retention rate of 76.4%after 350 cycles.

关键词： argyrodite electrolytes ASSLMBs electrochemical stability Li-ZnF_2 anode electrochemical performance

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Suppression of runaway current by electrode biasing and limiter biasing on J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and technology 2022年第12期24卷 7-14页

作者： Lingke MOU Zhongyong CHEN Wei YAN You LI Weikang ZHANG Jiangang FANG Yingzhou JIANG Xiaobo ZHANG Yu ZHONG Feng LI Guinan ZOU Fanxi LIU Zhipeng CHEN Zhoujun YANG Nengchao WANG Yonghua DING Yuan PAN J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China

The avoidance of runaway electrons(REs) generated during plasma disruption is of great concern for the safe operation of tokamak *** study on the suppression of runaway current by electrode biasing(EB) and limiter biasing(LB) has been performed on the J-TEXT tokamak,which could be an alternative way to suppress the runaway *** experimental results show that the higher the voltage value,the smaller the runaway current in both EB and LB *** runaway current can be completely suppressed at an electrode biased voltage of +450 V and a limiter biased voltage of +300 *** comparison of the energy spectra during the runaway plateau phase shows that the maximum energy max(E_(RE)) and radiation temperature T_(HXR)hard x-rays(HXRs)are significantly reduced after the application of +200 V limiter biased *** electric field generated by the biased voltage may be the key factor to suppress the runaway current,and the measured radial electric field increases obviously after the voltage is *** may result in an increase in the loss of REs to realize the suppression of runaway current.

关键词： plasma disruption electrode biasing limiter biasing runaway current

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Effects of resonant magnetic perturbations on the loss of energetic ions in tokamak pedestal

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Plasma Science and technology 2020年第10期22卷 52-61页

作者： Haotian HUANG Lu WANG International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China

Resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs) are extensively applied to mitigate or suppress the edge localized mode in tokamak plasmas, but will break the axisymmetric magnetic field configuration and increase the loss of energetic ions. The mechanism of RMPs induced energetic ion loss has been extensively studied, and is mainly attributed to resonant effects. In this paper,in the perturbed non-axisymmetric tokamak pedestal, we analytically derive the equations of guiding center motion for energetic ions including the bounce/transit averaged radial drift velocity and the toroidal precession frequency modified by strong radial electric field. The loss time of energetic ions is numerically solved and its parametric dependence is analyzed in *** find that passing energetic ions cannot escape from the plasma, while deeply trapped energetic ions can escape from the plasma. The strong radial electric field plays an important role in modifying the toroidal precession frequency and resulting in the drift loss of trapped energetic ions. The loss time of trapped energetic ions is much smaller than the corresponding slowdown time in DIII-D pedestal. This indicates that the loss of trapped energetic ions in the perturbed non-axisymmetric pedestal is important, especially for the trapped energetic ions generated by perpendicular neutral beam injection.

关键词： resonant magnetic perturbations non-axisymmetric magnetic field energetic ions drift loss radial electric field

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Forecasting Scenario Generation for Multiple Wind Farms Considering Time-series Characteristics and Spatial-temporal Correlation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第4期9卷 837-848页

作者： Qingyu Tu Shihong Miao Fuxing Yao Yaowang Li Haoran Yin Ji Han Di Zhang Weichen Yang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Hubei Electric Power Security High Efficiency Key Laboratory School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Scenario forecasting methods have been widely studied in recent years to cope with the wind power uncertainty problem. The main difficulty of this problem is to accurately and comprehensively reflect the time-series characteristics and spatial-temporal correlation of wind power generation. In this paper, the marginal distribution model and the dependence structure are combined to describe these complex characteristics. On this basis, a scenario generation method for multiple wind farms is proposed. For the marginal distribution model, the autoregressive integrated moving average-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-t (ARIMA-GARCH-t) model is proposed to capture the time-series characteristics of wind power generation. For the dependence structure, a time-varying regular vine mixed Copula (TRVMC) model is established to capture the spatial-temporal correlation of multiple wind farms. Based on the data from 8 wind farms in Northwest China, sufficient scenarios are generated. The effectiveness of the scenarios is evaluated in 3 aspects. The results show that the generated scenarios have similar fluctuation characteristics, autocorrelation, and crosscorrelation with the actual wind power sequences.

关键词： Scenario generation wind farm regular vine Copula spatial-temporal correlation time-series characteristics

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Realisation of the reconfigurable pulsed high magnetic field facility and its scientific application at Wuhan National Pulsed High Magnetic Field Centre

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High Voltage 2023年第5期8卷 898-906页

作者： Jianfeng Xie Shaozhe Zhang Jiangtao Shi Junfeng Wang Liang Li Xiaotao Han Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina

To generate arbitrary shape magnetic field waveforms for advanced scientific research,a reconfigurable pulsed high magnetic field facility(PHMFF)was developed at Wuhan National Pulsed High Magnetic Field Centre(WHMFC).First,the basic elements of PHMFF are introduced,and a ternary physical model composed of energy storage unit,magnet,transmission circuits and other auxiliary units is summarised to describe various magnetic field ***,in order to realise the reconfiguration of magnetic field systems based on detailed elements,the control system with the ability of dynamic construction and control sequence reconfiguration is *** this basis,the PHMFF has been realised and various magnetic field systems are constructed to produce arbitrary shape magnetic field waveforms,such as half‐sine,ultra‐high,flat‐top and repetitive field pulses,which not only enhances the capability and efficiency of PHMFF,but also makes more scientific research possible in pulsed magnetic *** far,a peak magnetic field of 94.8 T,a flat‐top magnetic field of 64 T/10 ms and a repetitive magnetic field waveform of 20 T/60 Hz have been achieved,and some experiments and studies on the physical properties of materials have been carried out at WHMFC.

关键词： magnetic field pulsed

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Beam tail effect of a performance-enhanced EC-ITC RF gun

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中国物理C（英文版） 2013年第12期37卷 119-124页

作者： HU Tong-Ning PEI Yuan-Ji QIN Bin CHEN Qu-Shan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China

The beam tail effect of multi-bunches will influence the electron beam performance in a high intensity thermionic RF gun. Beam dynamic calculations that illustrate the working states of single beam tail and multi-pulse feed-in of a performance-enhanced EC-ITC (external cathode independent tunable cavity) RF gun for an FEL (free electron laser) injector are performed to estimate the extracted bunch properties. By using both Parmela and homemade MATLAB codes, the effects of a single beam tail as well as interactions of multi-pulses are analyzed, where a ring-based electron algorithm is adopted to calculated RF fields and the space-charge field. Furthermore, the procedure of unexpected deviated-energy particles mixed with an effective bunch head is described by the MATLAB code as well. As a result, the performance-enhanced EC-ITC RF gun is proved to have the capability to extract continual stable bunches suitable for a high requirement THz-FEL.

关键词： EC-ITC thermionic RF gun beam tail effect multi-pulses FEL injector beam dynamics

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Critical Current Density and AC Magnetic Susceptibility of High-quality FeTe0.5Se0.5 Superconducting Tapes

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhou, Xin Li, Wenjie Hou, Qiang Wei, Wei Liu, Wenhui Wang, Ke Xing, Xiangzhuo Liu, Linfei Ge, Jun-Yi Qi, Yanpeng Liu, Huajun Ren, Li Tamegai, Tsuyoshi Sun, Yue Shi, Zhixiang School of Physics Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Department of Applied Physics The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan School of Physics and Physical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu273165 China School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Hefei230031 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430030 China

Iron telluride-selenium superconducting materials, known for their non-toxicity, ease of preparation, simple structure, and high upper critical fields, have attracted much research interest in practical application. In this work, we conducted electrical transport measurements, magneto-optical imaging, and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements on FeTe0.5Se0.5 superconducting long tapes fabricated via reel-to-reel pulsed laser deposition. Our transport measurements revealed a high critical current density that remains relatively stable even with increasing external magnetic fields, reaching over 1 × 105 A/cm2 at 8 K and 9 T. The calculated pinning force density indicates that normal point pinning is the primary mechanism in these tapes. The magneto-optical images demonstrated that the tapes show homogeneous superconductivity and uniform distribution of critical current density. The AC magnetic susceptibility measurements also confirmed their strong flux pinning nature of withstanding high magnetic field. Based on these characteristics, FeTe0.5Se0.5 superconducting tapes show promising prospects for applications under high magnetic field. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Superconducting tapes

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Facile synthesis of the Mn_(3)O_(4)polyhedron grown on N-doped honeycomb carbon as high-performance negative material for lithium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第6期30卷 1152-1161页

作者： Dan Zhang Chunyan Zhang Xuan Zheng Yizhuo Zhao Xinyu Shi Baomin Luo Yuzhu Li Guangyin Liu Xiaodi Liu Chuang Yu College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanyang Normal UniversityNanyang 473061China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Because of their large volume variation and inferior electrical conductivity,Mn_(3)O_(4)-based oxide anode materials have short cyclic lives and poor rate capability,which obstructs their *** this study,we successfully prepared a Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite using a smart and facile synthetic *** Mn_(3)O_(4)nanopolyhedra are grown on N-doped honeycomb carbon,which evidently mitigates the volume change in the charging and discharging processes but also improves the electrochemical reaction *** importantly,the Mn-O-C bond in the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite benefits electrochemical *** features of the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon(NHC)composite are responsible for its superior electrochemical *** used for Li-ion batteries,the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 598 mAh·g^(−1)after 350 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1).Even at 2 A·g^(−1),the Mn_(3)O_(4)/NHC anode still delivers a high capacity of 472 mAh·g^(−1).This work provides a new prospect for synthesizing and developing manganese-based oxide materials for energy storage.

关键词： Mn_(3)O_(4) polyhedron nitrogen-doped honeycomb carbon anode lithium-ion battery

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