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A highly visible-transparent thermochromic smart window with broadband infrared modulation for all-season energy savings

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国家科学评论（英文版） 2025年第2期12卷 191-201页

作者： Yi Jiang Yunlong Wang Deshuo Kong Zipeng Chen Zhengwei Yang Ningning Cao Haowen Chi Shining Zhu Qiuhong Zhang Jia Zhu Bin Zhu National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsFrontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of MOE Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Thermochromic smart windows effectively reduce the energy consumption for buildings through passive light modulation including the transmission ofvisible(TVis)and near-infrared(TNIR)light,and the emissivity of mid-infrared light(εMIR)in response to ambient temperature ***,thermochromic windows that maintain high TVis while modulating TNIR and εMIR simultaneously are highly desirable but still ***,we develop a thermochromic smart window based on a two-way shape memory polymer to enable reversible transformation and achieve TNIR modulation of 44.0％andεMIR modulation of 76.5％while maintaining high TVis(＞50％).Compared to traditional windows based on silica glass,this device shows 4℃ lower temperature in summer daytime,2℃ higher in winter daytime,and 1℃ higher in spring *** is expected that our device can achieve greater annual energy savings in comparison with commercial glass anywhere in the world and promote the progress of thermochromic windows for energy-efficient buildings.

关键词： thermochromic smart window visible transparency infrared modulation two-way shape memory polymer

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Discriminating circular polarization of light:Left or right?

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 20-22页

作者： Wanhee Lee Changsoon Cho Department of Material Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Achiral dielectric nanostructures provide an efficient method for discriminating left-and right-circularly polarized photons,leveraging the photothermoelectric effect.

关键词： effect circular dielectric

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Characteristic dislocation slip behavior in polycrystalline HfNbTiZr refractory medium entropy alloy

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第7期210卷 29-39页

作者： Qian He Shuhei Yoshida Shinji Okajo Masaki Tanaka Nobuhiro Tsuji Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials(ESISM) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials(ESISM) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Materials Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

The present work reports characteristics of dislocation slip behavior in an equi-atomic HfNbTiZr refractory medium entropy alloy(RMEA)and its systematic comparison with pure niobium(Nb).Fully-recrystallized specimens were fabricated by cold rolling and subsequent annealing,and uniaxial tensile deformation was applied at room *** trace morphologies on the surfaces of the tensile-deformed ma-terials were quantitatively characterized,and the so-called ψand x relationships of the observed slip traces were evaluated by a newly developed method for polycrystalline *** slip traces were observed in most grains in the pure *** consisted of low-indexed slip planes,such as {1 1 0},and{1 1 2},and high-indexed(or undetermined)slip *** straight slip traces persisting on the low-indexed slip planes were also found in the pure *** contrast,straight slip traces were dominant in the *** straight slip traces in the RMEA were not parallel to particular slip planes but mostly distributed along the maximum shear stress plane(MSSP),indicating that frequent cross slip in very short intervals *** deviations of slip planes from the MSSP in a few grains of the RMEA were attributed to the slip transfer from neighboring grains as a characteristic of polycrystalline *** cross slip in short intervals,attributed to homogeneous slip resistance distribution for screw dislocations in the RMEA originating from the chemical heterogeneity on an atomic scale,was proposed as a novel mechanism responsible for the unique slip behavior and macroscopic deformation behavior.

关键词： Dislocation slip Cross slip Slip trace Polycrystalline materials Refractory high/medium entropy alloys

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Phase-change VO_(2)-based thermochromic smart windows

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第11期13卷 2489-2510页

作者： Cancheng Jiang Lanyue He Qingdong Xuan Yuan Liao Jian-Guo Dai Dangyuan Lei Department of Materials Science and Engineering Centre for Functional Photonicsand Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research CentreCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering Hefei University of Technology193 Tunxi RoadHefei 230009China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Thermochromic coatings hold promise in reducing building energy consumption by dynamically regulating the heat gain of windows,which are often regarded as less energy-efficient components,across different *** dioxide(VO_(2))stands out as a versatile thermochromic material for smart windows owing to its reversible metal-toinsulator transition(MIT)alongside correlated structural and optical *** this review,we delve into recent advancements in the phase-change VO_(2)-based thermochromic coatings for smart windows,spanning from the macroscopic crystal level to the microscopic structural level(including elemental doping and micro/nanoengineering),as well as advances in controllable *** is notable that hybridizing functional elements/materials(e.g.,W,Mo/SiO_(2),TiN)with VO_(2)in delicate structural designs(e.g.,core-shell,optical cavity)brings new degrees of freedom for controlling the thermochromic properties,including the MIT temperature,luminous transmittance,solarenergy modulation ability and building-relevant ***,we provide an overview of alternative chromogenic materials that could potentially complement or surpass the intrinsic limitations of VO_(2).By examining the landscape of emerging materials,we aim to broaden the scope of possibilities for smart window *** also offer insights into the current challenges and prospects of VO_(2)-based thermochromic smart windows,presenting a roadmap for advancing this field towards enhanced energy efficiency and sustainable building *** summary,this review innovatively categorizes doping strategies and corresponding effects of VO_(2),underscores their crucial NIRenergy modulation ability for smart windows,pioneers a theoretical analysis of inverse core-shell structures,prioritizes practical engineering strategies for solar modulation in VO_(2)films,and summarizes complementary chromogenic materials,thus ultimately advancing VO_(2)-based smart windo

关键词： smart doping luminous

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Organic Polymer Framework Enhanced PEO-Based Electrolyte for Fast Li^(+)Migration in All-Solid-State Lithium-ion Batteries

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第24期42卷 3308-3316页

作者： Jun Chen Quan Zhou Xiaoyan Xu Chuncai Zhou Guorong Chen Yan Li School of Material Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Research Center of Nano Science and Technology Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

With the rapid development of solid-state batteries,solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent environmental friendliness,designability,and forming film ***,due to the limited conductive path of polymers,lithium-ion diffusion kinetics are limited,and low ion conductivity is a huge challenge for SPEs in practical *** work provides a polyethylene oxide(PEO)based polymer electrolyte,which has multiple paths of ion diffusion caused by organic polymer framework of poly(hexaazatrinaphthalene)(PHATN).The unique porous channel,the specific surface characteristics,the coordination of-C=N-groups in PHATN with Li^(+),combined with the mobility of PEO segments,make the SPEs have a good ability to conduct Li^(+).Interestingly,the PHATN-PEO/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)composite electrolytes exhibit excellent electrochemical *** room temperature,the conductivity of PHATN-PEO electrolyte can reach 1.03×10^(–4)S·cm^(–1),which is greatly improved compared with 3.9×10^(–6)S·cm^(–1)of ***,the lithium-ion transference number of PHATN-PEO electrolyte achieves 0.61,and the electrochemical window increases to 4.82 *** LFP/1%PH-PEO/Li solid-state batteries show good electrochemical *** work reveals an efficient stratagem for the design of polymer solid-state electrolytes.

关键词： Solid polymer electrolytes Poly(hexaazatrinaphthalene) PEO Framework Mobility Coordination

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Thermal and Hydraulic Study of Mini-Channel with Irregular Surface Topology 9th

Thermal and Hydraulic Study of Mini-Channel with Irregular S...

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9th International and 49th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, FMFP 2022

作者： Rahevar, Vishwajeetsinh Desai, Prayag Pandya, Sheetal Arora, Amit Shah, Niraj Department of Mechanical Engineering Nirma University Ahmedabad India Department of Material Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819978267

The present study aims at identifying the critical Reynolds number for transition from laminar to turbulent in irregular shaped mini-channels. Numerical study including conjugate heat transfer and axial conduction is carried out using commercially available software ANSYS Fluent®. The channel of length 105 mm, width 4.5 mm, and height 2 mm is fabricated in an aluminium substrate of length 114 mm (L), width 15 mm (W), and height 6.3 mm (H). Water is used as working fluid. Average hydraulic diameter (Dh) of mini-channel is 2.86 mm, and cross-section area varies non-uniformly from 10 mm2 to 18 mm2 along the length. Problem is set up with mass flow rate and outflow boundary condition at inlet and outlet, respectively. Bottom wall is given with uniform heat flux (q) of 200 watts thus incorporating conduction in solid wall of channel. Temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is compared with experimental measurement and found to be in good agreement. It is observed that the heat transfer coefficient as well as pressure drop both increases with increase in mass flow rate;however, increase in pressure drop is found larger compared to increase in heat transfer coefficient. Further, we also found the axial conduction in the solid wall. It is interesting to note that the transition from laminar to turbulent is observed at lower Reynolds number. Present work provides platform to study thermal and fluid flow behaviour of the irregular shaped mini-channels. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Heat transfer coefficients

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A STUDY ON STRUCTURE OF WIND VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION AND CORRESPONDING PRESSURE DEFICIT CHARACTERISTICS UNDER THE TORNADO-LIKE WIND FLOW AFFECTED BY SURFACE ROUGHNESS

Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering

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Journal of structural and Construction engineering 2025年第827期90卷 15-26页

作者： Kikitsu, Hitomitsu Okuda, Yasuo Takadate, Yuki Building Department National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management Japan Dept. of Architecture Faculty of Science and Engineering Setsunan University Japan Dept. of Structural Engineering Building Research Institute Japan

In this study, PIV and wind pressure experiments were carried out under tornado-like wind flow affected by surface roughness. The authors discussed the effects of swirl ratio and roughness density on the velocity field and the pressure deficit characteristics near the surface. It was confirmed that the velocity field structure gradually transitioned by changing swirl ratio and roughness density. Next, the pressure deficit characteristics showed that the measured pressure was the lowest when the roughness density was 0.014 at any swirl ratio. In the above discussion, the models on the radial velocity distribution and the pressure deficit distribution were proposed. © 2025 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wind stress

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Flexural behaviour of recycled reinforced concrete beams strengthened/ repaired with CFRP laminates

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Journal of engineering and Applied science 2023年第1期70卷 64页

作者： Hemida, Ola Adel Ramadan Abdalla, Hany Ahmed Fouad, Hala Emad Elden M.Sc. Student Construction Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Misr University for Science and Technology 6 October City Egypt Professor Structural Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt Assistant Professor Construction Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Misr University for Science and Technology 6 October City Egypt

This research deals with the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams which contain Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) and were strengthened by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). For this purpose, seven Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams were manufactured using RCA as a replacement of Normal Coarse aggregates (NCA) with percentages of (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). The cross-section of all beams was 150 × 300 mm and 2100 mm overall length and with loaded span of 1800 mm. Firstly four beams (group A) with different RCA ratios were loaded in a four-point loading configuration until failure. Secondly three beams (group B) were loaded to 30% of its ultimate load after that group B beams were strengthened using CFRP laminates on the lower face of the beams to be strengthened to resist flexural stress. Crack pattern, initial cracking load, ultimate load, mid-span deflection, and strain in main reinforcement were monitored. The results show that increasing RCA ratios generally leads to decreasing in the ultimate loads, for RCA ratios of 25%, 50% and 100% the decrease in beams ultimate load was with ratios 4.8%, 25.5% and 26.8%, respectively compared to control beam (0% RCA). The preloaded beams that were repaired with CFRP laminates have higher ultimate loads than beams without CFRP laminates and lower mid span deflection at maximum load (for instance repaired beam with 50% RCA ratio with CFRP laminate has shown higher ultimate load with 56.6% and less deflection with 36.9% compared to its corresponding unstrengthen beam). © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Recycling

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Design of protective and high sensitivity encapsulation layers in wearable devices

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science China(Technological sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 223-232页

作者： WANG XiuFeng HUANG JieLong LIU YangChengYi TAN JinYuan CHEN ShangDa AVILA Raudel XIE ZhaoQian School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangian 41105China Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China

Elastomeric encapsulation layers are widely used in soft, wearable devices to physically isolate rigid electronic components from external environmental stimuli(e.g., stress) and facilitate device sterilization for reusability. In devices experiencing large deformations, the stress-isolation effect of the top encapsulation layer can eliminate the damage to the electronic components caused by external forces. However, for health monitoring and sensing applications, the strain-isolation effect of the bottom encapsulation layer can partially block the physiological signals of interest and degrade the measurement accuracy. Here, an analytic model is developed for the strain-and stress-isolation effects present in wearable devices with elastomeric encapsulation layers. The soft, elastomeric encapsulation layers and main electronic components layer are modeled as transversely isotropicelastic mediums and the strain-and stress-isolation effects are described using isolation indexes. The analysis and results show that the isolation effects strongly depend on the thickness, density, and elastic modulus of both the elastomeric encapsulation layers and the main electronic component layer. These findings, combined with the flexible mechanics design strategies of wearable devices, provide new design guidelines for future wearable devices to protect them from external forces while capturing the relevant physiological signals underneath the skin.

关键词： strain-isolation effect stress-isolation effect elastomeric encapsulation transversely isotropic medium wearable devices

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Contribution of K-Nearest Neighbors in an Adaptive Importance Sampling-Based structural Reliability Method

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Iranian Journal of science and Technology - Transactions of Civil engineering 2025年第1期49卷 503-531页

作者： Roudak, Mohammad Amin Shayanfar, Mohsen Ali Farahani, Melika Bourbour Hosseinbeigi, Fatemeh Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Alzahra University Tehran Iran Centre of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering School of Civil Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran

Finding efficient and accurate methods to estimate the probability of failure is one of the most important goals of structural reliability analysis. In the present paper, this has been achieved by means of one of the approaches of machine learning combined with an approach in adaptive importance sampling method. Samples are generated based on a sampling density function, which is continuously updated. Using a specific updating rule of design point, the location of the sampling density function gradually approaches the design point, resulting in better efficiency of importance sampling. On the other hand, by using the K-Nearest Neighbors of machine learning, it is no longer necessary to evaluate limit state function for all generated samples in the process of adaptive importance sampling. In fact, if the predefined conditions of K-Nearest Neighbors are satisfied for a sample, it is possible to predict whether the generated sample is in the safe domain or failure domain without function evaluation. As a result, the probability of failure is estimated accurately and efficiently due to the simultaneous use of adaptive importance sampling and machine learning. The accuracy and efficiency of this method have been shown by using a number of numerical examples. Based on the results of the numerical examples, although the same number of samples might be generated in the proposed method, a smaller proportion of them has to be evaluated directly by replacing in the limit state function. In fact, whether the value of the limit state function is positive or negative, is guessed for the majority of samples. Consequently, the efficiency of the method is promoted due to the reduction of function evaluations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2025.

关键词： Adaptive importance sampling K-nearest neighbors Machine learning Monte-Carlo simulation MPP updating rule

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