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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： G. Dorantes-Mendez S. Charleston-Villalobos R. Gonzalez-Camarena G. Chi-Lem J. G. Carrillo T. Aljama-Corrales Master student of the Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico Electrical Engineering Department Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Mexicali Mexico

Several techniques have been explored to detect automatically fine and coarse crackles; however, the solution for automatic detection of crackles remains insufficient. The purpose of this work was to explore the capacity of the time-variant autoregressive (TVAR) model to detect and to provide an estimate number of fine and coarse crackles in lung sounds. Thus, simulated crackles inserted in normal lung sounds and real lung sounds containing adventitious sounds were processed with TVAR and by an expert that based crackle detection on time-expanded waveform-analysis. The coefficients of the TVAR were obtained by an adaptive filtering prediction scheme. The adaptive filter used the recursive least squares algorithm with a forgetting factor of 0.97 and the model order was four. TVAR model showed an efficiency to detect crackles over 90% even with crackles overlapping and amplitudes as low as 1.5 of the standard deviation of background lung sounds, where expert presented an efficiency around 30%. In conclusion, TVAR model is a proper alternative to detect and to provide an estimate number of fine and coarse crackles, even in presence of crackles overlapping and crackles with low amplitude, conditions where crackles detection based on time-expanded waveform-analysis reveals evident limitations.

关键词： Lung Adaptation models Urban areas Diseases Computational modeling Standards Signal to noise ratio

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Analysis of discontinuous adventitious lung sounds by Hilbert-Huang spectrum

Analysis of discontinuous adventitious lung sounds by Hilber...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： B. A. Reyes S. Charleston-Villalobos R. Gonzalez-Camarena T. Aljama-Corrales Master student in the Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico Electrical Engineering Department Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico Health Science Department Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico

It is now widely accepted that crackles are associated with different pulmonary pathologies and different efforts have been done to detect and to extract them. Consequently, due to the difficulty for their characterization, the selection of an adequate time-frequency representation (TFR) for the analysis of their time-frequency dynamics is important. Traditionally, normal and abnormal lung sounds have been analyzed by the Spectrogram (SP). However, this analysis tool has certain disadvantages when one deals with nonstationary signals. As an effort to point out the appropriate analysis tool for crackles, this paper shows the performance of the Hilbert-Huang spectrum (HHS) for the analysis of fine and coarse crackles, simulated and real ones. The HHS allowed to analyze the evolving time-frequency of crackle sounds straightforward with good resolution compared with SP. Beside this enhanced time-frequency course, HHS could be useful to establish a signature to detect and separate fine from coarse crackles in order to screen pathologies and their progress during medication.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Lung Microsoft Windows Spectrogram Diseases Urban areas Mathematical model

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Respiratory acoustic thoracic imaging (RATHI): Assessing intrasubject variability

Respiratory acoustic thoracic imaging (RATHI): Assessing int...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： A. Torres-Jimenez S. Charleston-Villalobos R. Gonzalez-Camarena G. Chi-Lem T. Aljama-Corrales Master student of the Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Mexicali Mexico Electrical Engineering Department Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Mexicali Mexico Health Science Department Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Mexicali Mexico Pulmonary Acoustic Laboratory National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Mexicali Mexico

Respiratory acoustic thoracic imaging (RATHI) permits analysing lung sounds (LS) temporal and spatial distribution, however, a deep understanding of RATHI repeatability associated with the pulmonary function is necessary. As a consequence, in the current work intrasubject variability of RATHI is evaluated at different airflows. For generating RATHIs, LS were acquired at the posterior thoracic surface. The associated image was computed at the inspiratory phases by interpolation through a Hermite function. The acoustic information of eleven subjects was considered at airflows of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 L/s. Several RATHIs were generated for each subject according to the number of acquired inspiratory phases. Quadratic mutual information based on Cauchy-Schwartz inequality (I CS ) was used to evaluate the degree of similitude between intrasubject RATHIs. The results indicated that, for the same subject, I CS averaged 0.893, 0.897, and 0.902, for airflows of 1.0, 1.5, and 2 L/s, respectively. In addition, when the airflow was increased, increments in intensity values and in the dispersion of the spatial distribution reflected in RATHI were observed. In conclusion, since the intrasubject variability of RATHI was low for airflows between 1.0 and 2.0 L/s, the pattern of sound distribution during airflow variations is repeatable but differences in sound intensity should be considered.

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Base lung sound in diffuse interstitial pneumonia analyzed by linear and nonlinear techniques

Base lung sound in diffuse interstitial pneumonia analyzed b...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： L. Albuerne-Sanchez S. Charleston-Villalobos R. Gonzalez-Camarena G. Chi-Lem J.G. Carrillo T. Aljama-Corrales Master student of the Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico Electrical Engineering Department Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico Health Science Department Universidad Autónoma Metropoiitana Mexicali Mexico National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Mexicali Mexico

Abnormal lung sounds in diffuse interstitial pneumonia have been characterized by the presence of crackles. However, few attempts have tried to analyze the sound where crackles are immersed. In this work base lung sounds (BLS) were analyzed by linear and nonlinear techniques to find possible differences between normal subjects and patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonia. In both groups, segments of lung sounds (crackles absent) and segments of BLS (lung sound in between crackles) were analyzed from acquired lung sounds from four points at the posterior chest, two apical and two basal. In this study, 8 healthy subjects and 8 patients participated and BLS were analyzed by spectral percentiles and sample entropy. Although spectral percentiles and sample entropy (SampEn) tended to be lower in the group of patients, statistical differences (p<0.05) between normal subjects and patients were found in BLS at the left hemithorax at basal and apical regions, while at the right hemithorax significant differences were found only at the basal region using the nonlinear technique. We conclude that in respect to normal subjects, BLS of patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonia present differences as assessed by SampEn, so that BLS by itself provides useful information. Moreover, it seems that nonlinear technique did a better discrimination of abnormal BLS than spectral percentile parameters.

关键词： Lung Diseases Sensors Entropy Urban areas Dispersion Frequency control

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Characterization of device degradation of poly-Si TFTS under dynamic operation with drain biased

Characterization of device degradation of poly-Si TFTS under...

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Annual International Symposium on Reliability Physics

作者： Ya-Hsiang Tai Shih-Che Huang Chang-Lung Chan Department of Photonics & Display Institute National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Industrial Technology R & D Master Program on Photonics and Display Technologies National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

Poly-Si TFTs, which have the similar structures to the MOSFETs, are now having extensive studies for the applications in display system. The high device mobility of these devices enables the possibility to form both the in-pixel switches and integrated circuits with the poly-Si technology, which may greatly reduce the process complexity and fabrication cost. [1] Though recently several kinds of products formed with poly-Si technology had hit the market, the degradation mechanisms of the devices under dynamic operation with the drain biased are still not so clear. Y. Uraoka previously reported that the degradation behavior of the devices under gate AC operation with source/drain grounded is as a result of the swept carriers as the device is about to be turned off. [2] We have also reported that the degradation for the device operated in the off region as the source/drain grounded is because of the discharge behavior in the channel as the gate voltage toggling in the off region. [3] But these stress conditions are still far from the real operation conditions in applications. In this work, the degradation of the poly-Si TFTs under gate dynamic operation with drain biased, which would be much similar to the conditions operated in real applications, is carefully investigated.

关键词： Degradation Integrated circuit technology MOSFETs Displays Switching circuits Switches Fabrication Costs Fault location Voltage

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Development of a wireless capacitive sensor for ambulatory ECG monitoring over clothes

Development of a wireless capacitive sensor for ambulatory E...

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29th Annual International Conference of IEEE-EMBS, engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC'07

作者： Yama, Yoshihiro Ueno, Akinori Uchikawa, Yoshinori IEEE Master's Program in Electronic and Computer Engineering Tokyo Denki University Ishizaka Hatoyama-machi Saitama 350-0394 Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Denki University Tokyo 101-8457 Japan Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Tokyo Denki University Saitama 350-0394 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)1424407885

We present a wireless capacitive sensor for ambulatory ECG monitoring. The device is capable of detecting electrocardiographic potential through underwear. It is based on capacitive coupling involving the electrode, the underwear, and the skin. Validation of the system revealed the following: (1) The frequency response of the device with the underwear revealed that the gain of the detected signal was reduced, but distortion of the signal within the pass-band (from 6 to 45 Hz) was minimal even with the underwear. (2) The signal displayed a periodic waveform synchronized with the simultaneously recorded ECG, even when the underwear was inserted between the electrode and the skin. (3) Although the signal was seemed deteriorated slightly while walking, R-waves were recognized easily. Although there is still room for improvement in terms of its practical use, the proposed approach appears promising for application to ambulatory ECG monitoring. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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Analysis of P-type poly-Si TFT degradation under dynamic gate voltage stress using the slicing model

Analysis of P-type poly-Si TFT degradation under dynamic gat...

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作者： Huang, Shih-Che Tsao, Hung-Chuan Tai, Ya-Hsiang Department of Photonics Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering NCTU Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Industrial Technology R and D Master Program on Photonics and Display Technologies NCTU Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Department of Photonics Display Institute NCTU Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9787561752289

In this work, the mobility degradation after gate AC stress in the off region are examined. It is discovered that the mobility increases after AC gate stress condition 0 V to +15 V, which the previously reported model (by Uraoka, Y) may not explain. Considering the spatial distribution of the voltage and the flow of the carriers in the channel, we proposed the "slicing model" , that is, replace the original TFT by ten TFTs with shorter channel length. Then, by applying the circuit simulator, the voltage distribution in the channel under different stages of gate applied voltage may be obtained. An index considering the current flow and the channel voltage at the edge nodes are proposed to describe the degradation in mobility. The fair linearity between the proposed index and the degradation in mobility reveals the validity of the proposed model.

关键词： Polycrystalline materials

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TRACKING CONTROL IN THE PRESENCE OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC FRICTIONAL EFFECTS: ROBOT EXTENSION

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Asian Journal of Control 2008年第3期1卷

作者： M. Feemster D.M. Dawson A. Behal W. Dixon Matthew Feemster received the B.S degree in Electrical Engineering from Clemson University Clemson South Carolina in December 1994. Upon graduation he remained at Clemson University and received the M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1997. During this time he also served as a research/teaching assistant. His research work focused on the design and implementation of various nonlinear control algorithms with emphasis on the induction motor and mechanical systems with friction present. He is currently working toward his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering at Clemson University. Darren M. Dawson was born in 1962 in Macon Georgia. He received an Associate Degree in Mathematics from Macon Junior College in 1982 and a B.S. Degree in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1984. He then worked for Westinghouse as a control engineer from 1985 to 1987. In 1987 he returned to the Georgia Institute of Technology where he received the Ph.D. Degree in Electrical Engineering in March 1990. During this time he also served as a research/teaching assistant. In July 1990 he joined the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and the Center for Advanced Manufacturing (CAM) at Clemson University where he currently holds the position of Professor. Under the CAM director's supervision he currently leads the Robotics and Manufacturing Automation Laboratory which is jointly operated by the Electrical and Mechanical Engineering departments. His main research interests are in the fields of nonlinear based robust adaptive and learning control with application to electro-mechanical systems including robot manipulators motor drives magnetic bearings flexible cables flexible beams and high-speed transport systems. Aman Behal was born in India in 1973. He received his Masters Degree in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 1996. He is currently working towards a Ph.D in Controls and Robotics at Clemson University. His research focuses on the control of no

In this paper, we extend the observer/control strategies previously published in [25] to an n -link, serially connected, direct drive, rigid link, revolute robot operating in the presence of nonlinear friction effects modeled by the Lu-Gre model. In addition, we also present a new adaptive control technique for compensating for the nonlinear parameterizable Stribeck effects. Specifically, an adaptive observer/controller scheme is developed which contains a feedforward approximation of the Stribeck effects. This feedforward approximation is used in a composite controller/observer strategy which forces the average square integral of the position tracking error to an arbitrarily small value. Experimental results are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers.

关键词： Friction compensation nonlinear control

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Analysis of P-type Poly-Si TFT Degradation under Dynamic Gate Voltage Stress Using the Slicing Model

Analysis of P-type Poly-Si TFT Degradation under Dynamic Gat...

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2007亚洲显示国际会议

作者： Shih-Che Huang Hung-Chuan Tsao Ya-Hsiang Tai Department of Photonics ＆ Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering NCTU HsinchuTaiwanChina 30010 College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Industrial Technology R ＆ D Master Program on Photonics and Display Technologies NCTUHsinchuTaiwanChina 30010 Department of Photonics ＆ Display Institute NCTU HsinchuTaiwanChina 30010

＜正＞In this work,the mobility degradation after gate AC stress in the off region are *** is discovered that the mob- ility increases after AC gate stress condition 0 V to+15 V,which the previously reported model （by Uraoka.Y） may not *** the spatial distribution of the voltage and the flow of the carriers in the channel,we proposed the “slicing model”,that is,replace the original TFT by ten TFTs with shorter channel ***,by applying the circuit simulator,the voltage distribution in the channel under different stages of gate applied voltage may be *** index considering the current flow and the channel voltage at the edge nodes are proposed to describe the degradation in mobili- *** fair linearity between the proposed index and the degradation in mobility reveals the validity of the proposed model.

关键词： Reliability AC Stress Poly-Si TFT

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Enabling a strong U.S. engineering workforce for technological innovation: A national partnership in graduate professional education with industry to enhance U.S. competitiveness and economic development

Enabling a strong U.S. engineering workforce for technologic...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Keating, Donald Stanford, Thomas Bardo, John Dunlap, Duane DeLoatch, Eugene Tricamo, Stephen Deoew, Dennis Bertoline, Gary Schuver, Mark McHenry, Albert Lindquist, Timothy Tidwell, Joseph Palmer, Harvey Smith, Mark Morrison, Raymond Egbert, Norm Quick, David Olson, Roger Truesdale, Samuel Noori, Mohamad Sullivan, Edward Rencis, Joseph Purdy, Carla University of South Carolina United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South Carolina United States ASEE-Graduate Studies Division Department of Chemical Engineering University of South Carolina United States Western Carolina University United States Kimmel School Western Carolina University United States Morgan State University United States School of Engineering Morgan State University United States ASEE New Jersey Institute of Technology United States Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Purdue University United States College of Technology Purdue University United States Rolls-Royce-Purdue Master's Degree Program Purdue University United States Arizona State University United States Arizona State University Polytechnic United States Boeing Co. United States JACMET Arizona State University Polytechnic United States ASEE-College Industry Partnership Division Rochester Institute of Technology United States Kate Gleason College of Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology United States Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. United States Engineering Integration and Strategy Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company United States ASEE-Corporate Rolls-Royce Corporation United States Rolls-Royce North American Technologies United States California State Polytechnic University United States College of Engineering California State Polytechnic University United States Graduate Programs and Research College of Engineering California State Polytechnic University United States University of Arkansas United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville United States ASEE-Mechanical Engineering Division ASME Mechanical Engineering Department University of Cincinnati United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cincinnati United States

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