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6th International Conference on Building Materials and Construction, ICBMC 2021, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Energy, ICNNE 2021, and Energy engineering and Smart Materials, ICEESM 2021

作者： Pamungkas, Akmal Raka Surata, I. Wayan Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Master Student at Study Program of Master in Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Jimbaran Bali Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035718928

Composite is a material that combines two or more materials that basically dissimilar chemical or physical properties from one another. In this research, we used Acropora coral reef waste particulate and Resin Polyester BQTN type 157 with Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) 1% as the hardener. The Hand Lay-Up molding technique is used in the process of making the material. The tensile and flexure test is done according to the ASTM D3090 and ASTM D790 – 03 standards. The purpose of this research is to discover the means to produce a composite enhanced by Acropora coral reef waste with polyester matrix and to learn the tensile and flexure strength from the Acropora coral reef waste particulate-enhanced polyester composites with mass fraction varieties of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The tensile test result of Acroporal coral reef waste particulate with polyester matrix yields average tensile strength at mass fraction variety of 40% with a score of 19,66 MPa, with an Modulus score of 636,75 MPa. The flexure test result of Acropora coral reef waste particulate with polyester matrix yields average flexure stress at mass fraction variety of 40% with a score of 112,56 MPa, with an average Elastic Modulus score of 3098,96 MPa. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Polyester resins

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Design of small single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition engine for electric generator with flexible fuel: Biogas, liquefied petroleum gas (lpg) or gasoline 11th

Design of small single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition engi...

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11th International Conference on Materials and Manufacturing Technology, ICMMT 2020

作者： Lie, David Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Surata, I. Wayan Wirawan, Nengah Master student at Study program of M aster in Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali Indonesia Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035737226

The available of conventional fuels are fluctuating depend on distribution from the source production to consumer. The availability of biogas as renewable energy is increasing due to establishments of many organic wastes processing worldwide. The need of electricity to support daily life activity is a must, but the availability of electric source in remote area is limited especially for a farm that far away from commercial line distribution of electricity. This work is dedicated to solve this problem. The single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition engine (83 cc) was designed to be able to be fuelled flexibly by using biogas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or gasoline if sometime the biogas not available during initiation of the process or during maintenance of anaerobic digester. The engine is still can be run to provide electricity by using conventional fuel such as LPG or gasoline. The full consumption as well as emission of this flexible fuel engine was investigated. It is found that the fuel consumption is 9.97 L/mint for Biogas, 0.004 L/mint for gasoline and 2.24 L/mint for LPG. Surprisingly by using biogas the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) was down to almost zero (0.02 ppm), comparing gasoline 0.32 ppm, and LPG 0.4 ppm. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Gasoline

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The effect of methane and carbon dioxide ratio in the biogas to the fuel consumption of 2 stroke single cylinder (63 cc) engine of 750 watt electric generator 11th

The effect of methane and carbon dioxide ratio in the biogas...

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11th International Conference on Materials and Manufacturing Technology, ICMMT 2020

作者： Wijaya, I Wayan Guna Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Surata, I. Wayan Sukmawati, Ni Made Dewi Dian Master student at St udy Program of Master in Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali80361 Indonesia Full Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali80361 Indonesia Faculty of Medicine/Sanglah Hospital Udayana University Denpasar Bali80232 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035737226

The 2 stroke single cylinder (63 cc) engine of 750 watt electric generator is very popular in the application because providing enough amount of electricity for small house hold with compact size, light weight with reasonable price. Usually this type of electric generator is fuelled with gasoline that mixed with oil as lubricant. The cylinder volume of the engine is usually around 63 cc. This type of engine can be fuelled with biogas with addition component to mix biogas together with air and lubricant, and set the compression pressure at 10 bar. Biogas mainly contain methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture (H2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The CH4 is combustible gas and can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engine. Moisture and H2S are easily removed from biogas. To remove CO2 from biogas is about difficult and costly, therefore acceptable content of CO2 in the biogas should be investigate related with the fuel consumption. This research is conducted to understand the influent of ratio CH4 and CO2 in the biogas to fuel consumption of the 2 stroke single cylinder engine of 750 watt electric generator. The variations ratio of CH4 and CO2 were obtained from anaerobic digester with batch system. The results indicate that the CH4 and CO2 ration in the range 1.667-1.967 will yield optimum efficiency that reach biogas consumption in the range of 9.1-9.8 liter/minute. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Biogas

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Method on utilization of low quality biogas as a fuel for 4 stroke spark ignition engine of electric generator 11th

Method on utilization of low quality biogas as a fuel for 4 ...

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11th International Conference on Materials and Manufacturing Technology, ICMMT 2020

作者： Negara, I Gede Artha Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Surata, I. Wayan Nindhia, Tjokorda Sari Shukla, Shailendra Kumar Master Student at Study Proram of Master in Mechanical Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali80361 Indonesia Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Engineering faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali80361 Indonesia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University Denpasar Bali80113 Indonesia Departmen of Mechanical Engineering IIT Banaras Hindu University Varanasi221005 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783035737226

Biogas quality in many installation of anaerobic digester for processing organic waste are found not optimum, especially in developing country where understanding of anaerobic processing is not well known. The methane content in the biogas are usually low that make it not possible to be utilized as a fuel of the engine. Biogas Purification usually will be introduced as a solution. But this idea is about complicated for simple or small anaerobic digester. Other solution is suggested by using enrichment of biogas by using other fuel such as hydrogen or blended with city gas such as LPG gas. But for preparing hydrogen gas or commercial will also costly. This research introduces simple technique for biogas enrichment by using denatured alcohol. The biogas contents were found around 30% vol. methane (CH4) and around 2% Carbon dioxide (CO2). The price of denatured alcohol is relative cheap because the selling tax is not as much as drinking alcohol. Engine with bigger combustion (420 cc) chamber was prepared for this purpose to make possible to be fuelled with biogas. The compression was set to reach 10 bar. The clearance of the both intake and exhaust valve was set in order to be possible to be running by using biogas. The biogas-air mixer was design for this purpose. The carburetor was set for use of denatured alcohol. It is found that the engine is running well by using biogas fuel that is enriched by using denatured alcohol. The emission was found better comparing using gasoline for the same engine. The fuel consumption is reported for future economic analyses. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Performance of 500 liter stainless steel portable biogas anaerobic digester with agitator designed for the tropical developing country 11th

Performance of 500 liter stainless steel portable biogas ana...

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11th International Conference on Materials and Manufacturing Technology, ICMMT 2020

作者： Sebayuana, Kadek Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Surata, I. Wayan Nindhia, Tjokorda Sari Shukla, Shailendra Kumar Khanal, Samir Kumar Master student at Ma ster Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali80361 Indonesia Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Engineering faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali80361 Indonesia Faculty of Veterinary medicine Udayana University Denpasar Bali802232 Indonesia Departmen of Mechanical Engineering IIT Banaras Hindu University Varanasi221005 India Dept. of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluHI96822 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783035737226

This document it is established that 2 types of biogas anaerobic digester that usually found in developing country. First type is fixed dome type of anaerobic digester and secondly is floating drum biogas anaerobic digester. Both of this type have draw back that the anaerobic process is not completed with agitation process that yield low rate of biogas production. Other serious problem is the release of slurry cannot optimal. Some of the slurry will still remain stay in the anaerobic digester especially scum. To drain and cleaning the fixed dome or floating drum biogas anaerobic digester is mandatory to be done regularly that consume time and cost. The fixed dome types as well as floating drum type are usually not portable which cause no possibility to relocate in the new site. It is the purpose of this work to introduce portable biogas anaerobic digester that suitable for developing country with volume of digester around 500 liter of slurry. The requirement of agitator is facilitated, and the anaerobic digester is possible to be operated in batch system or continuous system. The material that is used for anaerobic digester is stainless steel 304 with tungsten inert gas welding technology that is used for the manufacturing. With this design the anaerobic digester are easy to be maintenance. The batch system can keep producing biogas until 52 day with total production of biogas around 3320 liters. The continuous system was conducted by releasing for about 5 liters slurry from the outlet and after that filled with new slurry with stirring with agitator was conducted for about 10 minutes for 3 times in a day (morning, noon, and evening). The result for continuous system is a linear biogas production with rate biogas production is around 51.7 liter/day (1550 liter/30days). © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Biogas

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Study on the waste valve's stroke to water hammer pressure and flow patterns in a hydraulic ram pump

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2568卷

作者： I. P. Widiarta M. Suarda I. G. K. Sukadana M. Sucipta N. M. Suantini I. N. Suweden 1Student at Master Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 2Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 3Chemistry Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia 4Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Denpasar Bali Indonesia

The pressure in the hydraulic ram pump increases due to a sudden cessation of flow out through the waste valve when the waste valve is closing. The increasing of water hammer pressure is strongly influenced by velocity of the water flow in the drive pipe. Therefore, the waste valve has an important role in mechanism of the occurrence of water hammer pressure, performance, and flow patterns in the hydraulic ram pump. This study investigated the water hammer pressure and the flow patterns in the hydraulic ram pump that has been installed at Bon sub-village, as well as its performance at various strokes of the waste valve. In addition, CFD simulation using Ansys Fluent was conducted. The result show that increasing stroke of the waste valve increase the water velocity in the drive pipe and the water hammer pressure, and the optimum of the waste valve stroke has been predicted subject to volumetric and total efficiency using the equation of their trendlines. Furthermore, the flow patterns such as vortex, split flow, and blockage mass in the hydraulic ram pump have been identified.

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Failure Analyses on Corrosion of Hot Water Tank Storage Made from Stainless Steel

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期1007卷

作者： Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia I Putu Widya Semara I Wayan Bandem Adnyana I Wayan Surata I Gusti Komang Dwijana Study Program of Mechanical engineering Engineering faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali Indonesia 80361 Graduate student Study Program of Master in Mechanical Engineering EngineeringFaculty Udayana University Bali Indonesia 80361

Hot water storage tank that was made from stainless still was investigated in this case. The tank was found failure in service due to corrosion in welded section. Corrosion also was found at the bottom part of the storage tank. The tank was used for no longer than one year but unfortunately severe corrosion was found. The purpose of this research is to find the reason why the tank easily corroded especially at the bottom part and at the welding section. The research was carried out by conducting metallographic examination directly in situ by utilizing portable metallographic microscope. It is found from investigation that the corrosion was happen due to galvanic corrosion. Investigation by using X ray fluorescence also agree that the composition of the bottom part of the tank was different with the wall, and upper section. The welding filler also was found not correctly prepared that make pitting corrosion to occur. It is suggested to conduct advance research to investigate the correct composition for the filler during welding.

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Static simulation to horse shoes alternative materials based basic polymeric foam reinforced fiberglass with ANSYS software

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第4期1116卷

作者： R E K Siregar B Syam B Wirjosentono M Muttaqin Student of Master Program in Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sumatera Utara Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sumatera Utara Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sumatera Utara Master of engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sumatera Utara

In this journal, we used Finite Element Method (FEM) calculations based on ANSYS software. The software will involves the value of the material properties. Then, will used to simulate the manufacture of horse shoe, when the horse stood silent, for fiberglass reinforced polymer materials and compared with the usual materials for horse shoe, the Mild Carbon Steel (A36) so that will be obtained which is the best between the two materials. In this simulation work, the horse shoe receives a load of 500 kg. From this simulation we will obtain Equivalent Stress, Normal Stress on each axis (X, Y, Z) from the loading direction experienced by horse shoes. Equivalent equivalence values of 0.21509 MPa polymeric foam while Mild Carbon Steel (A36) 0.1034 MPa and normal polymeric foam voltage values for X-axis 0.016426, Y -0.007111 and Z 0.0695, while Normal Stress from Mild Carbon Steel (A36) for X axes 0.02233, Y 0.0204 and Z 0.047. The simulation results provide an understanding of the normal force resistance of polymeric foam materials for Mild Carbon Steel (A36) materials, whereas for polymeric foam materials the equivalent stress is superior to Mild Carbon Steel (A36)

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Manufacture of polymeric foam and polyurethane composites with fiberglass boosters

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第4期1116卷

作者： Mawardi B Syam B Wirjosentono D S Dharma Student of Mechanical Engineering Master Program Universitas Sumatera Utara Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sumatera Utara Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical characteristics of polymeric foam and polyurethane with fiberglass reinforcement. The focus of the observations on the average maximum compressive force, mean maximum stress and elastic modulus where the observed characteristics are obtained from static press test. Furthermore, tensile testing is performed to observe the mechanical characteristic of mean maximum force, mean maximum stress and elastic modulus. The polymer as a matrix is use 157 BQTN-EX with thermoset resin with fiberglass reinforcement. Tensile test specimens were made according to ASTM D638 standard and ASTM 1621-00 standard for static press test. Three variation of composition is A, B and C where fiberglass used 10%, catalyst 5%, resin 55% and polyurethane 30%. The test result showed that the test specimen on composition C value of characteristic compressive force average 22.838 kN, the mean maximum compressive stress average 19.128 MPa and average modulus of elasticity is 161.447 MPa. While on tensile test the variation of material composition with the same fiber was obtained on compositional test specimen C value of the mean gravity characteristics of the average maximum of 1.214 kN, the mean maximum tensile stress is 20.243 MPa and average modulus of elasticity is 803.634 MPa.

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Effects of chemical treatment on the structure and morphology of bacterial cellulose film

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2120卷

作者： Tito Arif Sutrisno Heru Suryanto Retno Wulandari M. Muhajir 1Master Student of Mechanical Engineering Program Graduate School Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang East Java Indonesia 2Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang East Java Indonesia65140 3Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang 5 Malang East Java Indonesia

Development of extraction process of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) using chemical treatment in order to be developed as reinforcement in the composite product to improve fiber compatibility of BC in polymer metric. This study aimed to know the effect of chemical treatment against the structure and morphology of BC film. The methods used to make a film from BC fiber obtained from pineapples’ peels waste. Pellicle was fermented for 14 days then washed by distilled water prior to treatment. Pellicle soaked in a chemical solution such as NaOH, H2O2, Bmimcl with each concentration of 2.5% for 2 hours then dried in the oven and the result was analyzed using SEM and XRD. The result showed that chemical treatment against BC decreased the intensity and crystallite size. On distilled water immersion (as control), the highest peak diffraction located in peak 22.63 °2θ with intensity of 292.31 counts, the crystallite size of 10.01 nm, after NaOH, H2O2 and BmimCl chemical treatment, the peak intensity decreased consecutively to 251.19 counts, 269.32 counts, and 241.49 counts as well as crystallite size decrease to 3.61 nm, 4.07 nm, and 5.11 nm, respectively. SEM observation showed that BC film treated using distilled water wasn’t damaged, while fiber and pellicle which treated using NaOH had a lot of damage.

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