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Comparative analysis of RC4+ algorithm, RC4 NGG algorithm and RC4 GGHN algorithm on image file security

IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2018年第1期420卷

作者： F Akbar H Mawengkang S Efendi Master Program (S2) of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia. Department of Mathematics University Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia. Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia.

File security is very important in maintaining the confidentiality of the information contained in the file. For that we need a way for information to be kept secrecy, that is with the science of cryptography. Cryptography is one method that disguises data to form encrypted data. In the symmetric RC4+ (Ron Code or Rivest's Cipher) algorithm, it provides secure message security and is an efficient stream cipher. RC4 NGG stream cipher algorithm 3-5 times faster than RC4 algorithm and but still have weakness in KSA randomization. The RC4 GGHN stream cipher algorithm is based on the RC4 algorithm and is relatively more efficient but still has weaknesses. Based on literature review from several research sources, it was stated that RC4+, RC4 NGG, RC4 GGHN are algorithms that are faster and more efficient than RC4 algorithm. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the encryption process with the aim of comparing and knowing which algorithm is better from running time and algorithm complexity. In this research we will perform two tests on each algorithm, image encryption using different key length and same image size and image encryption using the same key length and different image size. The results obtained in this research is RC4 NGG algorithm is the fastest algorithm between the three algorithms that is 13.3% faster than RC4+ and 10.2% faster than RC4 GGHN where the key lengths used in encryption do not affect the processing time and image size used in encryption very affects the processing time.

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Search for high-mass resonances in final states with a τ-lepton and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector

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Physical Review D 2024年第11期109卷 112008-112008页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott D. C. Abbott A. Abed Abud K. Abeling D. K. Abhayasinghe S. H. Abidi H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti A. C. Abusleme Hoffman B. S. Acharya B. Achkar L. Adam C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk L. Adamek S. V. Addepalli J. Adelman A. Adiguzel S. Adorni T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik C. Agapopoulou M. N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed X. Ai G. Aielli I. Aizenberg S. Akatsuka M. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson A. V. Akimov K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco M. J. Alconada Verzini S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos A. Alfonsi F. Alfonsi M. Alhroob B. Ali S. Ali M. Aliev G. Alimonti C. Allaire B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani E. Alunno Camelia M. Alvarez Estevez M. G. Alviggi Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler L. Ambroz C. Amelung D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos S. Amoroso C. S. Amrouche C. Anastopoulos N. Andari T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M. T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli D. J. A. Antrim F. Anulli M. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo M. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella N. Aranzabal V. Araujo Ferraz C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling A. J. Armbruster A. Armstrong O. Arnaez H. Arnold Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah E. M. Asimakopoulou L. Asquith K. Assamagan R. Astalos R. J. Atkin M. Atkinson N. B. Atlay H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio V. A. Austrup G. Avner G. Avolio M. K. Ayoub G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia H. Bahrasemani A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines C. Bakalis O. K. Baker P. J. Bakker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta S. Balaji R. Balasubramanian E. M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero G. Barbour K. N. Barends T. Bar CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States of America Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst MA United States of America CERN Geneva Switzerland II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham United Kingdom Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY United States of America Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL United States of America Departamento de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham MA United States of America Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL United States of America Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Türkiye Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Université de Genève Genève Switzerland Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA United States of America IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 91405 Orsay France Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy

A search for high-mass resonances decaying into a τ-lepton and a neutrino using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV is presented. The full run 2 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 recorded by the ATLAS experiment in the years 2015–2018 is analyzed. The τ-lepton is reconstructed in its hadronic decay modes and the total transverse momentum carried out by neutrinos is inferred from the reconstructed missing transverse momentum. The search for new physics is performed on the transverse mass between the τ-lepton and the missing transverse momentum. No excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed and upper exclusion limits are set on the W′→τν production cross section. Heavy W′ vector bosons with masses up to 5.0 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming that they have the same couplings as the Standard Model W boson. For nonuniversal couplings, W′ bosons are excluded for masses less than 3.5–5.0 TeV, depending on the model parameters. In addition, model-independent limits on the visible cross section times branching ratio are determined as a function of the lower threshold on the transverse mass of the τ-lepton and missing transverse momentum.

关键词： Extensions of gauge sector Particle production Gauge bosons Hypothetical particles Neutrinos Tau leptons Hadron colliders

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Galactic transient sources with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 205–238页

作者： Abe, K Abe, S Abhir, J Abhishek, A Acero, F Acharyya, A Adam, R Aguasca-Cabot, A Agudo, I Aguirre-Santaella, A Alfaro, J Alfaro, R Alvarez-Crespo, N Alves Batista, R Amans, J-P Amato, E Ambrosi, G Ambrosino, F Angüner, E O Antonelli, L A Aramo, C Arcaro, C Arnesen, T T H Asano, K Ascasibar, Y Aschersleben, J Ashkar, H Augusto Stuani, L Baack, D Backes, M Balazs, C Balbo, M Baquero Larriva, A Barbosa Martins, V Barres de Almeida, U Barrio, J A Barrios-Jiménez, L Batković, I Batzofin, R Baxter, J Becerra González, J Becker Tjus, J Belmont, R Benbow, W Bernete, J Bernlöhr, K Berti, A Bertucci, B Beshley, V Bhattacharjee, P Bhattacharyya, S Bigongiari, C Bissaldi, E Blanch, O Blazek, J Bocchino, F Boisson, C Bolmont, J Bonnoli, G Bonollo, A Bordas, P Bosnjak, Z Bottacini, E Böttcher, M Bradascio, F Bronzini, E Brown, A M Brunelli, G Bulgarelli, A Burelli, I Burger-Scheidlin, C Burmistrov, L Burton, M Buscemi, M Cailleux, J Campoy-Ordaz, A Cantlay, B K Capasso, G Caproni, A Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R Caraveo, P Caroff, S Carosi, A Carosi, R Carquin, E Carrasco, M-S Cascone, E Cassol, F Castaldini, L Castrejon, N Castro-Tirado, A J Cerasole, D Ceribella, G Cerruti, M Chadwick, P M Chaty, S Chen, A W Chernyakova, M Chiavassa, A Chudoba, J Chytka, L Cicciari, G M Cifuentes, A Coimbra Araujo, C H Colapietro, M Conforti, V Contreras, J L Cortina, J Costa, A Costantini, H Cotter, G Cristofari, P Cuevas, O Curtis-Ginsberg, Z D’Aì, A D’Amico, G D’Ammando, F Dai, S Dazzi, F de Bony de Lavergne, M De Caprio, V De Cesare, G De Frondat Laadim, F de Gouveia Dal Pino, E M De Lotto, B De Lucia, M de Martino, D de Menezes, R de Naurois, M de Ona Wilhelmi, E de Souza, V del Peral, L del Valle, M V Delgado, C Dell’aiera, M Della Valle, M della Volpe, D Depaoli, D Devin, J Di Girolamo, T Di Piano, A Di Pierro, F Di Tria, R Di Venere, L Diebold, S Dignam, C Dima, R Dinesh, A Djuvsland, J Dominik, R M Dominis Prester, D Donini, A Dorner, D Dörner, J Doro, M Dubos, C Ducci, L Dwarkadas, V V Ebr, J Eckner, C Egberts, K Einecke, S Elsässer, D Emery Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics Otto-Stern-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA) Sezione di Fisica Via Roma 56 I-53100 Siena Italy Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France FSLAC IRL 2009 CNRS/IAC E-38205 La Laguna Tenerife Spain University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Department of Physics and Astronomy Gallalee Hall Box 870324 Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0324 USA Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange UF 06304 Nice France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3 École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris F-91120 Palaiseau France Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Institute for Computational Cosmology and Department of Physics Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340 8331150 Santiago Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Delegación Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos and EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid E-28040 Madrid Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC and Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/ Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Campus de Cantoblanco UAM E-28049 Madrid Spain LUTH GEPI and LERMA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université Paris Cité CNRS 5 place Jules Janssen F-92190 Meudon France INAF – Osservatorio

A wide variety of Galactic sources show transient emission at soft and hard X-ray energies: low- and high-mass X-ray binaries containing compact objects, isolated neutron stars exhibiting extreme variability as magnetars as well as pulsar-wind nebulae. Although most of them can show emission up to MeV and/or GeV energies, many have not yet been detected in the TeV domain by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting new Galactic transients with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) and the prospects for studying them with Target of Opportunity observations. We show that CTAO will likely detect new sources in the TeV regime, such as the massive microquasars in the Cygnus region, low-mass X-ray binaries with low-viewing angle, flaring emission from the Crab pulsar-wind nebula or other novae explosions, among others. Since some of these sources could also exhibit emission at larger time-scales, we additionally test their detectability at longer exposures. We finally discuss the multiwavelength synergies with other instruments and large astronomical facilities.

关键词： binaries: general stars: magnetars novae cataclysmic variables pulsars: general gamma-rays: general

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Test of lepton flavour universality in W-boson decays into electrons and τ-leptons using pp collisions at = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第5期2025卷 1-49页

作者： Aad, G. Aakvaag, E. Abbott, B. Abdelhameed, S. Abeling, K. Abicht, N. J. Abidi, S. H. Aboelela, M. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B. S. Ackermann, A. Adam Bourdarios, C. Adamczyk, L. Addepalli, S. V. Addison, M. J. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adye, T. Affolder, A. A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M. N. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Ahmadov, F. Ahuja, S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aikot, A. Ait Tamlihat, M. Aitbenchikh, B. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T. P. A. Akimov, A. V. Akiyama, D. Akolkar, N. N. Aktas, S. Al Khoury, K. Alberghi, G. L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Albouy, G. L. Alderweireldt, S. Alegria, Z. L. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I. N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, F. Algren, M. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, H. M. J. Ali, S. Alibocus, S. W. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alkakhi, W. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B. M. M. Allen, J. S. Allen, J. F. Allendes Flores, C. A. Allport, P. P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alsolami, Z. M. K. Alvarez Estevez, M. Alvarez Fernandez, A. Alves Cardoso, M. Alviggi, M. G. Aly, M. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Ambler, A. Amelung, C. Amerl, M. Ames, C. G. Amidei, D. Amini, B. Amirie, K. J. Amor Dos Santos, S. P. Amos, K. R. Amperiadou, D. An, S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, J. K. Anderson, A. C. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A. V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aoki, T. Aparo, M. A. Aperio Bella, L. Appelt, C. Apyan, A. Arbiol Val, S. J. Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A. T. H. Arguin, J-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N. A. Ashby Pickering, R. A. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Astrand, K. S. V. Atashi, S. Atkin, R. J. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P. A. Augsten, K. Auriol, A. D. Austrup, V. A. Avolio, G. Axiotis, K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Bachmann, E. Badea, A. Baer, T. M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahner, D. Bai, K. Baines, J. T. Baines, L. Baker, O. K. Bakos, E. Bakshi Gupta, D. Balabram Filho, L. E. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian, R. Baldin, E. CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman United States of America New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton United States of America Physics Department Southern Methodist University Dallas United States of America Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics New York University New York United States of America INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King’s College London London United Kingdom Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Krakow Poland SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford United States of America School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb United States of America Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz United States of America Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago United States of America Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics

A measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions, Rτ/e = B(W → τν)/B(W → eν), is performed using a sample of W bosons originating from top-quark decays to final states containing τ-leptons or electrons. This measurement uses pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider during Run 2, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The W → τντ (with τ → eνeντ) and W → eνe decays are distinguished using the differences in the impact parameter distributions and transverse momentum spectra of the electrons. The measured ratio of branching fractions Rτ/e = 0.975 ± 0.012 (stat.) ± 0.020 (syst.), is consistent with the Standard Model assumption of lepton flavour universality in W-boson decays.

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Search for supersymmetry in final states with missing transverse momentum and charm-tagged jets using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第2期2025卷 1-53页

作者： Aad, G. Aakvaag, E. Abbott, B. Abdelhameed, S. Abeling, K. Abicht, N. J. Abidi, S. H. Aboelela, M. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B. S. Ackermann, A. Adam Bourdarios, C. Adamczyk, L. Addepalli, S. V. Addison, M. J. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adye, T. Affolder, A. A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M. N. Agarwala, J. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Ahmadov, F. Ahmed, W. S. Ahuja, S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aikot, A. Ait Tamlihat, M. Aitbenchikh, B. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T. P. A. Akimov, A. V. Akiyama, D. Akolkar, N. N. Aktas, S. Al Khoury, K. Alberghi, G. L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Albouy, G. L. Alderweireldt, S. Alegria, Z. L. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I. N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, F. Algren, M. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, H. M. J. Ali, S. Alibocus, S. W. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alkakhi, W. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B. M. M. Allen, J. F. Allendes Flores, C. A. Allport, P. P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alsolami, Z. M. K. Alvarez Estevez, M. Alvarez Fernandez, A. Alves Cardoso, M. Alviggi, M. G. Aly, M. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Ambler, A. Amelung, C. Amerl, M. Ames, C. G. Amidei, D. Amirie, K. J. Amor Dos Santos, S. P. Amos, K. R. An, S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, J. K. Anderson, A. C. Andrean, S. Y. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A. V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aoki, T. Aparo, M. A. Aperio Bella, L. Appelt, C. Apyan, A. Arbiol Val, S. J. Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A. T. H. Arena, E. Arguin, J-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N. A. Ashby Pickering, R. A. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Astrand, K. S. V. Atashi, S. Atkin, R. J. Atkinson, M. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P. A. Augsten, K. Auricchio, S. Auriol, A. D. Austrup, V. A. Avolio, G. Axiotis, K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Backman, F. Badea, A. Baer, T. M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahner, D. Bai, K. Baines, J. T. Baines, L. Baker, O. K. Bakos, E. Bakshi Gupta, D. Balabram Filho, L. E CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman United States of America New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton United States of America Physics Department Southern Methodist University Dallas United States of America Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Physics New York University New York United States of America INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King’s College London London United Kingdom Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham United States of America School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb United States of America Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz United States of America Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago United States of America Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain I

The paper presents a search for supersymmetric particles produced in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV and decaying into final states with missing transverse momentum and jets originating from charm quarks. The data were taken with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN from 2015 to 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. No significant excess of events over the expected Standard Model background expectation is observed in optimized signal regions, and limits are set on the production cross-sections of the supersymmetric particles. Pair production of charm squarks or top squarks, each decaying into a charm quark and the lightest supersymmetric particle $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$ , is excluded at 95% confidence level for squarks with masses up to 900 GeV for scenarios where the mass of $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$ is below 50 GeV. Additionally, the production of leptoquarks with masses up to 900 GeV is excluded for the scenario where up-type leptoquarks decay into a charm quark and a neutrino. Model-independent limits on cross-sections and event yields for processes beyond the Standard Model are also reported.

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Search for vector-like leptons coupling to first- and second-generation Standard Model leptons in pp collisions at = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第5期2025卷 1-61页

作者： Aad, G. Aakvaag, E. Abbott, B. Abdelhameed, S. Abeling, K. Abicht, N. J. Abidi, S. H. Aboelela, M. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B. S. Ackermann, A. Adam Bourdarios, C. Adamczyk, L. Addepalli, S. V. Addison, M. J. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adye, T. Affolder, A. A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M. N. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Ahmadov, F. Ahuja, S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aikot, A. Ait Tamlihat, M. Aitbenchikh, B. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T. P. A. Akimov, A. V. Akiyama, D. Akolkar, N. N. Aktas, S. Alberghi, G. L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Albouy, G. L. Alderweireldt, S. Alegria, Z. L. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I. N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, F. Algren, M. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, H. M. J. Ali, S. Alibocus, S. W. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alkakhi, W. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B. M. M. Allen, J. S. Allen, J. F. Allendes Flores, C. A. Allport, P. P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alsolami, Z. M. K. Alvarez Fernandez, A. Alves Cardoso, M. Alviggi, M. G. Aly, M. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Ambler, A. Amelung, C. Amerl, M. Ames, C. G. Amidei, D. Amini, B. Amirie, K. Amirkhanov, A. Amor Dos Santos, S. P. Amos, K. R. Amperiadou, D. An, S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, J. K. Anderson, A. C. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A. V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aoki, T. Aparo, M. A. Aperio Bella, L. Appelt, C. Apyan, A. Arbiol Val, S. J. Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A. T. H. Arguin, J-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N. A. Ashby Pickering, R. A. Aslam, A. M. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Astrand, K. S. V. Atashi, S. Atkin, R. J. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P. A. Augsten, K. Auriol, A. D. Austrup, V. A. Avolio, G. Axiotis, K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Bachmann, E. Badea, A. Baer, T. M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahner, D. Bai, K. Baines, J. T. Baines, L. Baker, O. K. Bakos, E. Bakshi Gupta, D. Balabram Filho, L. E. Balakrishnan, V. Balasubramanian, R. Baldin, E. M. Balek CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman United States of America New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton United States of America Physics Department Southern Methodist University Dallas United States of America Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics New York University New York United States of America INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King’s College London London United Kingdom Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford United States of America School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb United States of America Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz United States of America Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago United States of America Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Alexand

A search for pair production of vector-like leptons coupling to first- and second-generation Standard Model leptons is presented. The search is based on a dataset of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. Events are categorised depending on the flavour and multiplicity of leptons (electrons or muons), as well as on the scores of a deep neural network targeting particular signal topologies according to the decay modes of the vector-like leptons. In each of the signal regions, the scalar sum of the transverse momentum of the leptons and the missing transverse momentum is analysed. The main background processes are estimated using dedicated control regions in a simultaneous fit with the signal regions to data. No significant excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed and limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross-sections of vector-like electrons and muons as a function of the vector-like lepton mass, separately for SU(2) doublet and singlet scenarios. The resulting mass lower limits are 1220 GeV (1270 GeV) and 320 GeV (400 GeV) for vector-like electrons (muons) in the doublet and singlet scenarios, respectively.

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Measurements of WH and ZH production with Higgs boson decays into bottom quarks and direct constraints on the charm Yukawa coupling in 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2025年第4期2025卷 1-71页

作者： Aad, G. Aakvaag, E. Abbott, B. Abdelhameed, S. Abeling, K. Abicht, N. J. Abidi, S. H. Aboelela, M. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B. S. Ackermann, A. Adam Bourdarios, C. Adamczyk, L. Addepalli, S. V. Addison, M. J. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adye, T. Affolder, A. A. Afik, Y. Agaras, M. N. Agarwala, J. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Ahmadov, F. Ahmed, W. S. Ahuja, S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aikot, A. Ait Tamlihat, M. Aitbenchikh, B. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T. P. A. Akimov, A. V. Akiyama, D. Akolkar, N. N. Aktas, S. Al Khoury, K. Alberghi, G. L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Albouy, G. L. Alderweireldt, S. Alegria, Z. L. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I. N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, F. Algren, M. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, H. M. J. Ali, S. Alibocus, S. W. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alkakhi, W. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B. M. M. Allen, J. S. Allen, J. F. Allendes Flores, C. A. Allport, P. P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alsolami, Z. M. K. Alvarez Estevez, M. Alvarez Fernandez, A. Alves Cardoso, M. Alviggi, M. G. Aly, M. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Ambler, A. Amelung, C. Amerl, M. Ames, C. G. Amidei, D. Amini, B. Amirie, K. Amor Dos Santos, S. P. Amos, K. R. Amperiadou, D. An, S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, J. K. Anderson, A. C. Andrean, S. Y. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A. V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aoki, T. Aparo, M. A. Aperio Bella, L. Appelt, C. Apyan, A. Arbiol Val, S. J. Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A. T. H. Arguin, J-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N. A. Ashby Pickering, R. A. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Astrand, K. S. V. Atashi, S. Atkin, R. J. Atkinson, M. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P. A. Augsten, K. Auricchio, S. Auriol, A. D. Austrup, V. A. Avolio, G. Axiotis, K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Bachmann, E. Backman, F. Badea, A. Baer, T. M. Bagnaia, P. Bahmani, M. Bahner, D. Bai, K. Baines, J. T. Baines, L. Baker, O. K. Bakos, E. CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman United States of America New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton United States of America Physics Department Southern Methodist University Dallas United States of America Faculté des sciences Université Mohammed V Rabat Morocco Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Department of Physics New York University New York United States of America INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Department of Physics King’s College London London United Kingdom Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham United States of America School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb United States of America Department of Physics Istanbul University Istanbul Türkiye Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz United States of America Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago United States of America Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain I

A study of the Higgs boson decaying into bottom quarks (H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ ) and charm quarks (H → $$ c\overline{c} $$ ) is performed, in the associated production channel of the Higgs boson with a W or Z boson, using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. The individual production of WH and ZH with H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ is established with observed (expected) significances of 5.3 (5.5) and 4.9 (5.6) standard deviations, respectively. Differential cross-section measurements of the gauge boson transverse momentum within the simplified template cross-section framework are performed in a total of 13 kinematical fiducial regions. The search for the H → $$ c\overline{c} $$ decay yields an observed (expected) upper limit at 95% confidence level of 11.5 (10.6) times the Standard Model prediction. The results are also used to set constraints on the charm coupling modifier, resulting in |κc| < 4.2 at 95% confidence level. Combining the H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ and H → $$ c\overline{c} $$ measurements constrains the absolute value of the ratio of Higgs-charm and Higgs-bottom coupling modifiers (|κc/κb|) to be less than 3.6 at 95% confidence level.

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Hybrid cryptosystem RSA – CRT optimization and VMPC

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期978卷

作者： R Rahmadani H Mawengkang Sutarman Master Program (S2) of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia. Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia.

Hybrid cryptosystem combines symmetric algorithms and asymmetric algorithms. This combination utilizes speeds on encryption/decryption processes of symmetric algorithms and asymmetric algorithms to secure symmetric keys. In this paper we propose hybrid cryptosystem that combine symmetric algorithms VMPC and asymmetric algorithms RSA – CRT optimization. RSA – CRT optimization speeds up the decryption process by obtaining plaintext with dp and p key only, so there is no need to perform CRT processes. The VMPC algorithm is more efficient in software implementation and reduces known weaknesses in RC4 key generation. The results show hybrid cryptosystem RSA – CRT optimization and VMPC is faster than hybrid cryptosystem RSA – VMPC and hybrid cryptosystem RSA – CRT – VMPC. Keyword : Cryptography, RSA, RSA – CRT, VMPC, Hybrid Cryptosystem.

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Scoreboard wireless universal based on microcontroller

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2018年第1期420卷

作者： Sindak Hutauruk Pandapotan Siagian Libianko Sianturi Department of Electrical Engineering University of HKBP University 4 A Sutomo Street Medan Indonesia. Institut Teknologi Del Faculty of Informatics and Electrical Engineering Computer Network Management Study Program Jl. Sisingamangaraja Sitoluama Toba Samosir Sumatera Utara 22381 Indonesia

The scoreboard is designed and made for a universal use that can be used in matches in some sports such as basketball, futsal, ping pong, badminton, and others. The scoreboard is designed and made based on the needs of several sports in the Student Activity Unit at HKBP Nommensen University which can be easily moved. Scores displayed on the scoreboard is not only the result of the game but also displayed time in the countdown. This scoreboard can be operated by using a cable and can also without using a cable by using a mobile phone through communication using bluetooth. This scoreboard is based on a microcontroller and uses backup power through rechargeable batteries that can be automatically charged. In trials in several games, this tool works well with a few drawbacks in case of a match that takes more than 100 minutes because the time display can only display a maximum time of 99 minutes.

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