This paper describes methodological development of an intuitive river-pollution index (RPI) to allow assessment of priorities for water quality management in a river basin. The proposed RPI improves upon existing appr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1894662040
This paper describes methodological development of an intuitive river-pollution index (RPI) to allow assessment of priorities for water quality management in a river basin. The proposed RPI improves upon existing approaches as it is directly linked to water quality criteria and designated water uses, and reflects the importance of different water uses in a given reach. The RPI ranges from 1 (ideal water quality) to 5 (worst water quality) for various water-use categories. Through this technique, two types of RPIs can be generated for a river basin: (a) an RPI for each water-use category and (b) weighted RPI. Following the development of the technique, concepts of plan efficiency index (PEI) and benefit/cost (B/C) ratio are introduced to make comparisons of management plans more intuitive. Applicability of the developed RPI is illustrated by applying to a number of examples. Reasonable results have been obtained demonstrating that the proposed RPI is a useful tool for not only rating water quality but also ranking management plans.
Surfactant-enhanced remediation is an effective approach for dealing with subsurface-contaminated sites. However, in studying and controlling the related processes, difficulties exist in incorporating a complicated nu...
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Surfactant-enhanced remediation is an effective approach for dealing with subsurface-contaminated sites. However, in studying and controlling the related processes, difficulties exist in incorporating a complicated numerical simulation model that is needed for process forecasting within a real-time nonlinear optimization framework that is critical for supporting process control. In this study, an integrated simulation-optimization approach was developed for supporting real-time dynamic modeling and process control of surfactant-enhanced remediation at petroleum-contaminated sites. Subsurface modeling is combined with a dual-response surface method to develop a system for generating optimum operation conditions under various site conditions, through the support of a nonlinear optimization model. The development methodology was applied to a real-world case study in western Canada. Using the developed three-dimensional multiphase and multicomponent model, the surfactant-enhanced remediation process that is being implemented on the study site was simulated. The results provide useful information for further dual-response surface analysis to support the development of an optimization model to determine optimum process operation conditions. Under each initial contaminant concentration, optimum operation conditions can then be identified through this combined dual-response surface method optimization approach. Thus, a decision support system can then be produced to guide decisions of remediation process control under various site conditions.
Several recent studies have shown that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index has a significant influence on various climatic and hydrologic signals across the globe. This study attempts to identify the na...
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Several recent studies have shown that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index has a significant influence on various climatic and hydrologic signals across the globe. This study attempts to identify the nature and strength of possible teleconnections between the Ganges River flow and ENSO, and to develop a model which can capture, at least in part, the natural variability of flow, and provide a large forecasting lead-time. The motivation came from the fact that, in the past, hydrologic forecasts of the basin through rainfall-runoff modelling could provide a lead-time on the order of the basin response time, which is several days or so. Such a short forecasting lead-time is not adequate to hedge against extreme events (flood or drought) in large river basins. This is, perhaps, the first attempt to relate flows in the Ganges with ENSO. Our analysis suggests that a significant relationship exists between the natural variability of the Ganges annual flow and ENSO index. Through further investigation, we show that the rate of change of ENSO index is also statistically related to the Ganges flow. A statistical model that combines all these indicators to forecast annual flow in the Ganges is proposed. This model uses current flow data, predicted ENSO data and its gradient to forecast flow in the Ganges with a forecasting lead-time of 1 year. The model also provides a quantitative measure of forecasting uncertainty. A key advantage of this model is that it does not require rainfall and stream flow information from upstream areas and countries. We have used 45 years of data for model development and calibration, and 15 years of data for validation. It is encouraging to note that all four of the validation forecasts during the El Niño and La Niña events are within the 95% confidence intervals. These results demonstrate the strength of the proposed approach Fand suggest further exploration of this long-range forecasting methodology for other major rivers in the world. C
作者：
Ming T. TsuangStephen V. ParaoneGuest EditorDr. Tsuang is the Stanley Cobb Professor of Psychiatry
Director Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics and Superintendent and Head Harvard Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts Mental Health Center. He received an M.D. degree at the College of Medicine National Taiwan University and his Ph.D. at the Institute of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of London. Dr. Tsuang also received a Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) in Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics Faculty of Science University of London. Professor Tsuang has worked throughout his career as a clinician teacher researcher and administrator in a variety of private state federal and international mental health care settings. He has been recognized both nationally and internationally for his research in schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders including manic-depressive illness and substance abuse. One of his areas of interest is in the rapidly developing field of research related to the interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors for severe mental disorders. Professor Tsuang is the recipient of a myriad of awards for his work among them the First Prize in Clinical Research Award from the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists
the Rema Lapouse Award for Mental Health Epidemiology from the American Public Health Association and the Stanley Dean Award for Basic Research in Schizophrenia from the American College of Psychiatrists. He is also a Member of the Institute of Medicine National Academy of Sciences and Member Academia Sinica of Taiwan. Recently Professor Tsuang received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics and the Taiwanese-American Award for Achievement in Science and Engineering. He has authored or co-authored nearly 400 publications including publications in peer reviewed journals in book chapters and also in books in the areas of psychiatric epidemiology psychiatric genetics nosology of major psychoses ne
In order to solve serious contamination from hard biodegradable dyeing wastewater, a new treatment process was proposed, which consists of two main parts: Iron Fillings Filter (IFF) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)....
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ISBN:
(纸本)0921303912
In order to solve serious contamination from hard biodegradable dyeing wastewater, a new treatment process was proposed, which consists of two main parts: Iron Fillings Filter (IFF) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). After the wastewater pretreated with IFF it became easier to be biodegraded in SBR due to fact that its BOD5/COD value rose over 0.35, which increased the rate of biochemical reaction and removal efficiency of COD. When the wastewater with COD of 1000 - 1500mg/L, BOD5 of 200 - 400mg/L and color of 200 - 800 times, through the treatment technology, the removal efficiencies of COD reached 85%, and these of BOD5 and color were over 90%. The study has opened a new attempt for the treatment of hard biodegradable dyeing wastewater.
Plough and subsoil layers of two major agricultural soil series, Rangsit and Thonburi, found in Bangkok area of Thailand were studied for determining the bioavailability and solubility behavior of heavy metals (Cd, Cu...
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Plough and subsoil layers of two major agricultural soil series, Rangsit and Thonburi, found in Bangkok area of Thailand were studied for determining the bioavailability and solubility behavior of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) following application of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant and a series of laboratory experiments. The soils contained low indigenous heavy metals while the sludge contained higher amounts of heavy metals but in an acceptable range for application as plant nutrient source in agricultural soil. Applications of sewage sludge increased pH of the acid soil and available plant nutrients to the soils. The heavy metal concentration levels in the soils also increased. Most partitioned into easily mobile pools and later into sparingly mobile pools following 12 weeks of incubation time. Bioavailability forms of Cd in soil solution were low but that of Cu, Zn, and Mn remained elevated even at 12 weeks of the reaction time. Applied inorganic Zn depressed Cd sorption capacity of two soils studied but it had no effect on Cd desorption.
A prototype quadruped walking robot has been developed to examine the possibility of application in agricultural works. The purpose of current study is to obtain some information on load distribution and inclination a...
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A prototype quadruped walking robot has been developed to examine the possibility of application in agricultural works. The purpose of current study is to obtain some information on load distribution and inclination angle of vehicle body in three typical motion of forward, lateral and turning walk. The result showed that the current configuration of robot body required the severe translation of CG point which results in increasing of pitching angle of vehicle body.
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