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Canadian Society for Civil engineering - 1999 Annual Conference

作者： Chen, Z. Huang, G.H. Chakma, A. Environmental Systems Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Sask. S4S 0A2 Canada

Subsurface contamination by light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) such as hydrocarbon spill and leakage is a serious problem in North America. Following release of hydrocarbons in the subsurface, significant amounts of the fluid are trapped in soil by capillary forces and in saturated zone due to slow groundwater flow. Removal of these trapped free phase LNAPLs is critical because it will not only provide the possibility for complete cleaning up but also prevent further contamination and thus potential environment/public health risks. Estimation for volume of these trapped free LNAPLs is the first step before any further studies or actions can be undertaken. In this study, an integrated approach is employed for estimating LNAPLs distribution in porous media at a site located in western Canada. The site has one original release source that is a flare pit. Spilled petroleum products in past two decades seriously contaminated the on-site soil and groundwater. More than ten monitoring wells are located around the emission sources. At most of them, free phase LNAPLs have been found since early 1980s. Result of this case study reveals that soil properties and site heterogeneous characteristics have significant impacts on the spreading of contaminants and thus oil volume estimation. The LNAPLs in subsurface do not simply present themselves as a distinct layer floating over a capillary fringe. In general, this proposed method could serve as an effective and convenient tool for obtaining reasonable estimation of residual oil volume in subsurface. The results offer insight into the contamination details and are useful for further modeling and remediation studies.

关键词： Crude petroleum

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Application of airport meteorological data for the determination of atmospheric mixing height

Application of airport meteorological data for the determina...

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Canadian Society for Civil engineering - 1999 Annual Conference

作者： Cheng, S.Y. Huang, G.H. Chakma, A. Rong, X. Hao, R.X. Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Sask. S4S 0A2 Canada Environmental Engineering Department Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China

Mixing height is a major meteorological factor affecting pollutant dispersion in the vertical direction. It has been commonly used in air quality models. Usually adiabatic method and Nozaki model are used for determining the mixing height. The adiabatic method needs daily sounding data while the Nozaki method requires extensive meteorological information. However, these data are unavailable in meteorological stations. On the other hand, in order to provide meteorological service for air transport, many airports carry out hourly measurements of temperature, wind, humidity, cloudiness, visibility and atmospheric pressure on the ground, and daily sounding measurements of temperature, humidity and wind at different heights. These data can be used in both adiabatic and Nozaki models to determine the mixing heights. In this study, ground and sounding meteorological data at Shijiazhuang Airport (China) during 1988-1993 were collected for estimating the mixing height over Shijiazhuang area. The feasibility of using airport meteorological data to determine the mixing height was the major focus of this research. Also, the Nozaki method was modified for better reflecting local meteorological conditions through introduction of joint frequencies for wind and stability into the modeling framework. The dry adiabatic method is based on daily sounding meteorological data to determine the mixing height at the intersection of a dry adiabatic line and a temperature profile sounded at early morning. The mixing heights obtained by the modified Nozaki method were verified through error analysis. The observed vertical SO2-concentration profiles provided by the China Institute of environmental Science indicate that good agreements between observed and estimated values were obtained, thus confirming the feasibility of utilizing airport meteorological data for determining the mixing height.

关键词： Meteorology

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Abstracts of presentations on selected topics at the XIVTH International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) - July 25-30, 1999 - International Convention Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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PHYTOPARASITICA 1999年第4期27卷 299-332页

作者： [Anonymous] Norwich UK State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT-DLO) AE Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville USA Ecology and Biocontrol Group National Environment Research Council-(NERC) Inst. of Virology and Environmental Microbiology Oxford UK Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas — Centro de Ciencas Medioamhiental.es Madrid Spain Friedrich Miescher Institute Basel Switzerland Dept. of Field Crops Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel Leeds Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture The University of Leeds Leeds UK Plant Genetic Systems Gent Belgium Jealott’s Hill Research Centre Zeneca Agrochemicals Bracknell UK Plant Quarantine Policy Branch Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) Canberra Australia International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) Parc Scientifique Agropolis II France Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Beratungsgruppe Entwicklungsorientierte Agrarforschung (BEAF) Bonn Germany Dept. of Crop Protection Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Tel Aviv Israel National Food Safety & Toxicology Center Michigan State University East Lansing Center for Minor Crop Pest Management Rutgers University New Brunswick USA ARS/USDA Beltsville USA Dept. of Entomology and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Genetics University of California Riverside USA Dept. of Virology Wageningen Agricultural University ES Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Entomology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Theoretical Production Ecology Wageningen Agricultural University ES Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Entomology University of California Davis USA Dept. of Plant Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Inst. of Plant Biochemistry Consejo

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Cooperative management of RWSS in Haiti

Cooperative management of RWSS in Haiti

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1997 23rd WEDC International Conference: Water and Sanitation for All - Partnerships and Innovations

作者： Emmanuel, Evens Beauboeuf, Claude Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Universite Quisqueya Haiti Faculty of Economy and Management Sciences School of Economy Universite Quisqueya Haiti

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Abstracts of presentations on plant protection issues at The Xth International Congress of Virology - August 11-16, 1996 - Binyanei haOoma, Jerusalem, Israel - Part 3 (final part)

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PHYTOPARASITICA 1998年第1期26卷 67-90页

作者： [Anonymous] Dept. of Virus Research John Innes Centre Colney UK Dept. of Field and Vegetable Crops The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Rehovot Israel Station de Recherches Grandes Cultures INRA Colmar France Inst. de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS Strasbourg France DLO Research Institute for Plant Protection Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Biological Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Dept. of Virology Agricultural University Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. de Biología de Plantas Centra de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Madrid Spain Dept. of Plant Protection National Agriculture Research Center Tsukuba lbaraki Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station Morioka Iwate Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station Kumamoto Japan Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center BetDagan Israel Institut Jacques Monod CNRS Université Paris VII Paris France Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Scripps Institute San Diego USA Dept. of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky Lexington USA Inst. of Molecular Plant Sciences Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University RA Leiden The Netherlands Inst. de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas Valencia Spain Scottish Crop Research Inst. Invergowrie Dundee UK Depts. of Plant Pathology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Tifton Depts. Entomology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Dept. of Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Depts. of Coop. Ext. Service Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Plant Science Dept. Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Pacific Agric. Res. Centre Vancouver Canada Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkultur (DSMZ) Abt. Pflanzenviren and Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Inst. für Biochemie und Pflanzenvirologie Braunschweig Germany Inst. of Molecular Biology and Biotec

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Reveal: Characterizing fine aerosols in the Fraser Valley, B.C.

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Atmosphere 1997年第2期35卷 209-227页

作者： S.C. Pryor[a] R.J. Barthelmie[a][b] R.M. Hoff[c] S. Sakiyama[d] R. Simpson[e] & D. Steyn[f] [a] Climate and Meteorology Program Department of Geography Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 U.S.A. [b] Department of Meteorology and Wind Engineering Risoe National Laboratory Denmark [c] Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments Atmospheric Environment Service Canada [d] Ministry of Environment Lands and Parks Victoria B.C. Canada [e] Faculty of Environmental Sciences Griffith University Nathan Australia [f] Department of Geography University of British Columbia Vancouver B.C. Canada

The REVEAL field study was conducted during July and August 1993 to document the chemical and physical characteristics of ambient fine aerosols in southwestern British Columbia (B.C.) (particularly the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV)) and to quantify the impact of those aerosols upon visibility in the LFV. A description of the study motivations, objectives and monitoring protocols are presented herein along with results of analyses conducted using the REVEAL datasets. It is shown that: visibility and aerosol concentrations/composition are highly variable in the temporal and spatial dimensions, and while organic matter dominates fine aerosol mass (accounting for 35–46% of the mean fine aerosol mass) in the LFV, nitrate and sulphate dominate particle light scattering (bsp) (accounting for 55–67% of mean bsp) in this region. The severity of visibility impairment in the valley despite comparatively low fine mass concentrations is attributed to the high mass scattering efficiencies of the ambient aerosols (due in part to the relative abundance of ammonia/ium). Source types of ambient fine aerosols at four of the monitoring sites are identified using Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and used to calculate first approximations of mass contributions by source type using regression analysis. Results indicate that direct vehicle emissions, secondary aerosols and soil/road dust dominate the sources of fine aerosols in the LFV. Analysis of supplementary data indicates that the REVEAL monitoring period was characterized by fairly typical summertime visibility and meteorological conditions for the region and hence that it is possible to generalize from these analyses. The gross spatial features of the secondary fine aerosol distribution in the LFV are explained in relation to the prevailing meteorology and spatial patterns of precursor emissions.RésuméL'étude sur le terrain de REVEAL a été exécutée durant les mois de juillet et août 1993 afin de documenter les caractéristiques chimi

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Correction

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Phytoparasitica 1998年第2期26卷 182-182页

作者： Liu, Sijun Bedford, Ian D. Markham, Peter G. Ghanim, Morad Zeidan, Muhamad Czosnek, Henryk Bruyère, A. Herrbach, E. Brault, V. Ziegler-Graff, V. Guilley, H. van den Heuvel, J. F. J. M. Taiwo, M. A. Dijkstra, J. Martinez, B. López-Moya, J. J. Llave, C. Díaz-Ruíz, J. R. López-Abella, D. Mikoshiba, Y. Honda, K. Kanematsu, S. Fujisawa, I. Salomon, Raffi Bernardi, Francoise Raccah, B. Singer, S. Gal-On, A. Huet, H. Pirone, T. P. Visser, Peter B. Bol, John F. Hernández, Carmen Brown, Derek J. F. Pappu, H. R. Culbreath, A. K. Todd, J. W. McPherson, R. M. Sherwood, J. L. Bertrand, P. F. Robbins, M. A. Reade, R. D. Rochon, D. M. Schönfelder, M. Körbler, M. Barg, E. Lesemann, D. -E. Vetten, H. J. Manqussopoulos, I. N. Tsagris, M. Maiss, E. Marczewski, W. Syller, J. Romero, Javier Molina-Garcia, Antonio Babin, Mar Bujarski, Jozef J. Pogany, Judy Zhang, L. Palukaitis, P. Kaplan, I. B. Qu, Feng Morris, T. Jack Steinkellner, H. Puehringer, H. Machado, A. M. Laimer da Câmara Hammond, J. Brandt, S. Katinger, H. Himmler, G. Carrier, K. Hans, F. Wang, A. Sanfacon, H. Palkovics, László Balázs, Ervin Petrzik, K. Mráz, I. Fránová-Honetšlegrová, J. Kusiak, C. Berthome, R. Dinant, S. Astier, S. Albouy, J. Renou, J. P. Bó, E. Dal Torre, M. E. Sánchez de la Djelouah, K. García, M. L. Grau, O. Benvenisti, Luna Gelman, Boris Hai, Dalia Yadin, Hagai Stram, Yehuda Becker, Yechiel Čeřovská, N. Filigarová, M. Dědič, P. Nemchinov, L. Hadidi, A. Choi, Y. G. Randles, J. W. Samson, A. C. R. Wilford, J. N. Chapman, S. Santa Cruz, S. Wilson, T. M. A. Wilkinson, Nicola Wilson, Louise Marlow, Susan King, Linda Possee, Robert Zhu, Fanxiu Qi, Yipeng Huang, Yongxiu Hu, Jianhong Oker-Blom, Christian Keinänen, Kari Chauhan, B. K. Possee, R. D. French, T. J. Finkelstein, Y. Levi, B. Z. Faktor, O. Toister-Achituv, Mira Wang, Fushan Lu, Liquan Du, Quansheng Watson, S. K. Kalmakoff, J. Broer, R. Liu, Y. Zuidema, D. Strien, E. A. van Vlak, J. M. Heldens, J. G. M. Chejanovsky, N. Gershburg, E. Faruchi, S. Kamensky, B. Nahum, O. Stockholm, D. Rivkin, H. Gurevitz, Dept. of Virus Research John Innes Centre Colney UK Dept. of Field and Vegetable Crops The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Rehovot Israel Station de Recherches Grandes Cultures INRA Colmar France Inst. de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS Strasbourg France DLO Research Institute for Plant Protection Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Biological Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Dept. of Virology Agricultural University Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. de Biología de Plantas Centra de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Madrid Spain Dept. of Plant Protection National Agriculture Research Center Tsukuba lbaraki Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station Morioka Iwate Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station Kumamoto Japan Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center BetDagan Israel Institut Jacques Monod CNRS Université Paris VII Paris France Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Scripps Institute San Diego USA Dept. of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky Lexington USA Inst. of Molecular Plant Sciences Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University RA Leiden The Netherlands Inst. de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas Valencia Spain Scottish Crop Research Inst. Invergowrie Dundee UK Depts. of Plant Pathology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Tifton Depts. Entomology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Dept. of Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Depts. of Coop. Ext. Service Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Plant Science Dept. Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Pacific Agric. Res. Centre Vancouver Canada Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkultur (DSMZ) Abt. Pflanzenviren and Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Inst. für Biochemie und Pflanzenvirologie Braunschweig Germany Inst. of Molecular Biology and Biotec

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Joint Logistics Over The Shore operations in rough seas

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 385-393页

作者： Vaughters, TG Mardiros, MF Theodore G. Vaughters:has more than thirty years of engineering and program management experience in the development and testing of material handing hardware systems to transfer cargo from ship-to-shore from ship-to-ship and within both Navy and commercial ships. From 1967 to 1977 he was a supervisory naval architect at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard and Mare Island Naval Shipyard. In 1977 he joined his present organization and became office head in 1987. He has received numberous awards including the Meritorious Civilian Service Award for the management of a program which development a Ro/Ro ship offshore unloading facility. His department is currently engaged in a number of RDT&E logistics program which include environmental ligistics Navy logistics modeling and simulation mobile offshore bases sea based logistics strategic sealift joint service ligistics over the shore systems underway replenishment and shipboard cargo handling systems. Martin F. Mardiros:has been working on JLOTS related systems for eight years as a engineer at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. He has a B.S.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan He has participated in numberous JLOTS and JLOTS related exercises since 1988. Mr Mardiros has fielded a evaluation of full scale prototype sea state 3 JLOTS systems for evaluation and demonstration such as the Air Cushion Vehicle Landing Platform (ACVLAP) improved mooring and fendering systems for causeway ferries and motion mitigation sytems for the Roll-On/Roll-Off Discharge Facility. Mr. Mardiros recently headed up the JLOTS Sea State 3 Option Study which is being used by the Navy and Army to develop their JLOTS master plan.

Joint Logistics Over the Shore (JLOTS) operations involve the unloading of ships without the benefit of fixed port facilities. Container ships, roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) ships, break bulk ships, heavy lift ships, and tankers are the most common merchant vessels utilized in JLOTS operations to transport military cargo. A major problem is that the current JLOTS system is inoperative in sea state 3 and greater conditions. When seas build above sea state 3 the motion and relative motion of lighters and ships create extremely dangerous conditions which preclude the movement of cargo. New technology is currently being developed by the Navy, Army and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to improve JLOTS operations. Several new JLOTS subsystems were recently tested as part of an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) sponsored joint services test and evaluation program called JLOTS III (June 1993). JLOTS III showed that lighters, cargo transfer systems, and personnel do not have the capability or training to perform in sea state 3, as currently required by military doctrine. Subsequent to the JLOTS III testing, a number of R&D innovations have been examined and a Heavy Weather (Sea State 3) JLOTS Options study has been completed. This options study has defined and characterized all the weak links related to heavy weather operations and has identified and/or developed concepts to improve the overall JLOTS operational efficiency. This paper discusses current JLOTS technology development initiatives from a joint services perspective with regard to the following question: Can emerging technology, in combination with improved training and command and control, provide a heavy weather JLOTS capability which is affordable?

关键词： Naval warfare

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GROUND-WATER MONITORING STATISTICS UPDATE .1. PROGRESS SINCE 1988

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1994年第4期14卷 148-158页

作者： DAVIS, CB MCNICHOLS, RJ Charles B. Davis is principal statistician with Environmet- rics & Statistics Ltd. (EnviroStat 1853 Wellington Court Henderson NV 89014). After receiving his M.S. in mathematics and statistics and Ph.D. in statistics from the University of New Mexico he joined the Mathematics Department of the University of Toledo to establish its graduate program in statistics with emphasis on consulting and applications. He and McNichols became involved in consulting and research related to statistical issues arising in RCRA ground water monitoring regulation in 1985 and formed EnviroStat in 1990. Davis left academia in 1992 to concentrate on environmental statistics. Roger J. McNichols is professor and chairman of the Industrial Engineering Department at The University of Toledo (Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his Ph.D. in industrial engineering from The Ohio State University he joined the faculty of Texas A and M University where he directed the Maintainability Engineering Graduate Program at Red River Army Depot. At University of Toledo he is also chairman of the Systems Doctoral Program and has served as associate dean of engineering. His research and consulting interests include reliability quality control manufacturing environmental monitoring mathematical modeling and applied statistics.

Current federal ground water monitoring statistical regulation dates from the revised RCRA Subtitle C Final Rule of 1988. That rule was a considerable advance over previous RCRA statistical rules. However, two major problem areas remained: facility-wide false positive rate (FWFPR) control and spatial variability. Progress has been made in the 1991 Subtitle D Final Rule and in guidance;the 1992 Addendum to Interim Final Guidance in particular includes a substantial conceptual advance toward resolving the FWFPR problem. Other areas of improvement include normality testing and distribution assumptions, dropping the four independent samples per monitoring period requirement, allowing a preliminary evaluation short of a 40 CFR Part 258 Appendix II assessment upon finding a statistically significant increase, and suggesting superior alternatives to analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and tests of proportions. The problem of dealing with natural spatial variability remains. Although certain techniques listed in the regulations can control for inherent spatial variability and the performance standards require doing so ''when necessary,'' little attention has been paid to the ubiquity of such spatial variation. Moreover, regulatory traditions favoring upgradient-downgradient comparisons often make control of natural spatial variation difficult and ineffective. With new, lined facilities easily implemented statistical solutions are available;however, dealing with the several existing solid waste facilities which will now be regulated under Subtitle D will present major challenges. In short, the 1988 revision of the Subtitle C rules made it more possible to provide statistically sound monitoring programs, and there has been steady progress since then. Challenges remain, however. These vary from state to state, particularly with regard to controlling false positives and false negatives in the presence of natural spatial variability.

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ENHANCED DEGRADATION OF DISSOLVED BENZENE AND TOLUENE USING A SOLID OXYGEN-RELEASING COMPOUND

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1994年第1期14卷 120-128页

作者： BIANCHIMOSQUERA, GC ALLENKING, RM MACKAY, DM Gino Bianchi-Mosquera is principal geochemist at Stollar Bianchi (140 Ravenna Dr. Long Beach CA 90803). He received a B.A. degree in geochemistry from Occidental College in Los Angeles California an M.S. degree in geochemistry from The Pennsylvania State University and a D. Env. degree from the University of California Los Angeles in 1982 1986 and 1993 respectively. His research interests include the transport and fate of organic compounds in the subsurface and the design and evaluation of new aquifer cleanup techniques. Douglas Mackay is adjunct professor in the Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1) Canada and a visiting scientist at the UCLA Department of Civil Engineering. From 1986 to mid- 1990 he was a faculty member in the environmental science and engineering program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water and ground water decontamination technologies. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively.

A field test to evaluate the applicability of an oxygen-releasing compound (ORC) to the remediation of ground water contaminated with benzene and toluene was conducted in the Borden Aquifer in Ontario, Canada. Benzene and toluene were injected as organic substrates to represent BTEX compounds, bromide was used as a tracer, and nitrate was added to avoid nitrate-limited conditions. The fate of the solutes was monitored along four lines of monitoring points and wells. Two lines studied the behavior of the solutes upgradient and downgradient of two large-diameter well screens filled with briquets containing ORC and briquets without ORC. One line was used to study the solute behavior upgradient and downgradient of columns of ORC powder placed directly in the saturated zone. The remaining line was a control. The results indicate that ORC in both briquet and powder form can release significant amounts of oxygen to contaminated ground water passing by it. In the formulation used in this work, oxygen release persisted for at least 10 weeks. Furthermore, the study indicates that the enhancement of the available dissolved oxygen content of at least 4 mg/L each of the ground water by ORC can support biodegradation of benzene and toluene dissolved in ground water. Such concentrations are typical of those encountered at sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons;therefore, these results suggest that there is promise for ORC to enhance in situ biodegradation of BTEX contaminants at such sites using passive (nonpumping) systems to contact the contaminated ground water with the oxygen source.

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