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Preliminary determination of geothermal working area based on Thermal Infrared and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期103卷

作者： Indra Agoes Nugroho Beta Kurniawahidayati Reza Syahputra Mulyana Asep Saepuloh Geothermal Engineering Master Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung West Java 40132 Indonesia. Geology Engineering Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung West Java 40132 Indonesia.

Remote sensing is one of the methods for geothermal exploration. This method can be used to map the geological structures, manifestations, and predict the geothermal potential area. The results from remote sensing were used as guidance for the next step exploration. Analysis of target in remote sensing is an efficient method to delineate geothermal surface manifestation without direct contact to the object. The study took a place in District Merangin, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The area was selected due to existing of Merangin volcanic complex composed by Mounts Sumbing and Hulunilo with surface geothermal manifestations presented by hot springs and hot pools. The location of surface manifestations could be related with local and regional structures of Great Sumatra Fault. The methods used in this study were included identification of volcanic products, lineament extraction, and lineament density quantification. The objective of this study is to delineate the potential zones for sitting the geothermal working site based on Thermal Infrared and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors. The lineament-related to geological structures, was aimed for high lineament density, is using ALOS - PALSAR (Advanced Land Observing Satellite - The Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) level 1.1. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis was used to predict the vegetation condition using Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS (The Operational Land Imager – Thermal Infrared Sensor). The brightness temperature was extracted from TIR band to estimate the surface temperature. Geothermal working area identified based on index overlay method from extracted parameter of remote sensing data was located at the western part of study area (Graho Nyabu area). This location was identified because of the existence of high surface temperature about 30°C, high lineament density about 4 - 4.5 km/km2 and low NDVI values less than 0.3.

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Mathematical Modelling of Silica Scaling Deposition in Geothermal Wells

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016年第1期42卷

作者： M Nizami Sutopo Petroleum Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Geothermal Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

Silica scaling is widely encountered in geothermal wells in which produce two-phase geothermal fluid. Silica scaling could be formed due to chemical reacting by mixing a geothermal fluid with other geothermal fluid in different compositions, or also can be caused by changes in fluid properties due to changes pressure and temperature. One of method to overcome silica scaling which is occurred around geothermal well is by workover operation. Modelling of silica deposition in porous medium has been modeled in previously. However, the growth of silica scaling deposition in geothermal wells has never been modeled. Modelling of silica deposition through geothermal is important aspects to determine depth of silica scaling growth and best placing for workover device to clean silica scaling. This study is attempted to develop mathematical models for predicting silica scaling through geothermal wells. The mathematical model is developed by integrating the solubility-temperature correlation and two-phase pressure drop coupled wellbore fluid temperature correlation in a production well. The coupled model of two-phase pressure drop and wellbore fluid temperature correlation which is used in this paper is Hasan-Kabir correlation. This modelling is divided into two categories: single and two phase fluid model. Modelling of silica deposition is constrained in temperature distribution effect through geothermal wells by solubility correlation for silica. The results of this study are visualizing the growth of silica scaling thickness through geothermal wells in each segment of depth. Sensitivity analysis is applied in several parameters, such as: bottom-hole pressure, temperature, and silica concentrations. Temperature is most impact factor for silica scaling through geothermal wellbore and depth of flash point. In flash point, silica scaling thickness has reached maximum because reducing of mole in liquid portion.

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Is epoxy-based polymer suitable for water shut-off application?

Is epoxy-based polymer suitable for water shut-off applicati...

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SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, APOGCE 2015

作者： Hakiki, Farizal Salam, Damian Dion Akbari, Achmad Nuraeni, Nuraeni Aditya, Wisnu Siregar, Septoratno OGRINDO Research Consortium Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia OGRINDO Research Consortium Institut Teknologi Bandung Petroleum Engineering Study Program Indonesia OGRINDO Research Consortium Institut Teknologi Bandung Chemistry Study Program Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781613993903

Well known use of epoxy-based polymer is to plug a selective layer in completion process. The similar behaviour related to its gelation as a completion fluid is a trigger to ask a question: Is epoxy-based polymer suitable for WSO (water shut-off) application too? Therefore, this paper is aimed to study the applicability of epoxy-based polymer to "reducing excessive produced water treatment" called WSO covering synthesising and core-flood experiment. An epoxy-based polymer is synthesised in various temperature and concentration of reagents those are epoxy and triethylenetetramine which are vary from 6.25% to 50% which diluted in acetone with volume over volume concentration. The polymer is then characterised using Fann-VG to know the rheology and the gelation behavior with respect to the variables above mentioned. A polymer consists of 50% (v/v) epoxy and 50% (v/v) triethylenetetramine is chosen to be applied in core-flood apparatus operating at room temperature, 20 psia injection and 120 psia confining pressure. Sandstone core with various porosity and permeability are tested to reduce its poro-perm due to epoxy-based polymer injection. Variation on concentration has shown that higher concentration gives shorter gelation period. Gelation is defined as a time required to dramatically changing the viscosity profile. These gelation data can be modelled into a simple mathematical model with multivariable consist of concentration and temperature. Sandstone cores undergo a reduction on its porosity over than 54% and permeability upto 100% which means it has potential to resist or even plug a layer with high water cut. Copyright 2015, Society of petroleum Engineers.

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Preliminary result of 3-D attenuation tomography beneath Sunda Strait and western part of Java

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1857卷

作者： Muhajir Anshori Andri Dian Nugraha Nanang T. Puspito 1Master Student of Earth Science Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology InstitutTeknologi Bandung Indonesia 2Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (MCGA) Indonesia 3Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering InstitutTeknologi Bandung Indonesia

Sunda strait lies in the transition zone of two different subduction system that is almost perpendicular to the subduction in southern Java and oblique subduction in western Sumatra. The series of major disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is a manifestation of its tectonic setting complexity. We used selected waveform data from724 earthquakes that occurred around the Sunda strait and western part of Java from 2009 – 2015 recorded by 21 MCGA network stations to construct three dimensional image of seismic attenuation. Frequency independent attenuation operators (t*) was determined using spectral fitting method for P and S wave arrivals, respectively. The inversion was performed using simul2000 algorithm to image the lateral and vertical variations of Qp and Qs value in the Sunda Strait and western part of Java. Some interesting features such as subducting slab, mantle wedge, magma chamber under volcanos and fault zones can be imaged well.

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The Effectiveness of Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping based on Hyperspectral Data in Tropical Region

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016年第1期42卷

作者： R R D Muhammad A Saepuloh Geothermal Technology Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Geology Engineering Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

Hyperspectral remote sensing could be used to characterize targets at earth's surface based on their spectra. This capability is useful for mapping and characterizing the distribution of host rocks, alteration assemblages, and minerals. Contrary to the multispectral sensors, the hyperspectral identifies targets with high spectral resolution. The Wayang Windu Geothermal field in West Java, Indonesia was selected as the study area due to the existence of surface manifestation and dense vegetation environment. Therefore, the effectiveness of hyperspectral remote sensing in tropical region was targeted as the study objective. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method was used to detect the occurrence of clay minerals spatially from Hyperion data. The SAM references of reflectance spectra were obtained from field observation at altered materials. To calculate the effectiveness of hyperspectral data, we used multispectral data from Landsat-8. The comparison method was conducted by comparing the SAM's rule images from Hyperion and Landsat-8, resulting that hyperspectral was more accurate than multispectral data. Hyperion SAM's rule images showed lower value compared to Landsat-8, the significant number derived from using Hyperion was about 24% better. This inferred that the hyperspectral remote sensing is preferable for mineral mapping even though vegetation covered study area.

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Geology Structure Identification based on Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) Data and Field Based Observation at Ciwidey Geothermal Field

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016年第1期42卷

作者： R A Pradipta A Saepuloh Suryantini Geothermal Technology Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Geology Engineering Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

Geological structure observation is difficult to be conducted at Quaternary volcanic field due to the classical problem at tropical region such as intensive erosion, dense vegetation covers, and rough terrain. The problem hampers the field observation especially for geological structures mapping. In order to overcome the problems, an active remote sensing technology based on Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data was used in this study. The longer wavelength of microwave than optical region caused the SAR layer penetration higher than optics. The Ciwidey Geothermal Field, Indonesia was selected as study area because of the existence of surface manifestations with lack information about the control of geological structures to the geothermal system. Visual interpretation based on composite polarization modes was applied to identify geological structures at study area. The color composite Red-Green-Blue for HV-HH-VV polarizations provided highest texture and structural features among the other composite combination. The Linear Features Density (LFD) map was also used to interpret the fractures zones. The calculated LFD showed high anomaly about 3.6 km/km2 with two strike directions NW-SE and NE-SW. Interestingly, the surface geothermal manifestation agreed with the low anomaly of LFD. The geological structures consisted of ten faults were successfully detected and mapped. The faults type mainly are oblique-slip with strike directions NE-SW and NW-SE.

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Geological, isothermal, and isobaric 3-D model construction in early stage of geothermal exploration

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016年第1期42卷

作者： M P Saputra Suryantini D Catigtig R Regandara S N Asnin A B Pratama Graduate Program in Geothermal Technology Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Engineering Geology Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Emerging Power Inc. Philippines

Construction of geology, thermal anomaly and pressure distribution of a geothermal system in the early stage of exploration where data is limited is described using a 3-D software, Leapfrog Geothermal. The geological 3-D model was developed from a topographic map (derived from DEM data), geological map and literature studies reported in an early geological survey. The isothermal 3-D model was constructed using reservoir temperature estimation from geothermometry calculated from chemical analyses on surface manifestations, available shallow gradient temperature hole data and the normal gradient temperature (3°C/100m) for a nonthermal area. The isobaric 3-D model was built using hydrostatic pressure where the hydrostatic pressure is determined by the product of the fluid density, acceleration due to gravity, and depth. Fluid density is given by saturated liquid density as a function of temperature. There are some constraints on the modelling result such as (1) within the predicted reservoir, the geothermal gradient is not constant but continues to increase, thus, creating an anomalously high temperature at depth, and (2) the lithology model is made by interpolating and extrapolating cross-sections whereas usually only two to three geology sections were available for this study. Hence, the modeller must understand the geology. An additional cross section was developed by the modeller which may not be as suitable as the geologist constructed sections. The results of this study can be combined with geophysical data such as gravity, geomagnetic, micro-tremor and resistivity data. The combination of geological, geochemical, isothermal, isobaric and geophysical data could be used in (1) estimating the geometry and size of the geothermal reservoir, (2) predicting the depth of top reservoir, and (3) creating well prognosis for exploration and production wells.

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Mapping of earthquakes vulnerability area in Papua

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1730卷

作者： Muhammad Fawzy Ismullah M. Muh. Altin Massinai 1Master Program Geophysical Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering (FTTM) Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) 10 th Ganesha Street Bandung 40116 West Java INDONESIA 2Geophysics Program Study Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Street Makassar 90245 South Sulawesi INDONESIA

Geohazard is a geological occurrence which may lead to a huge loss for human. A mitigation of these natural disasters is one important thing to be done properly in order to reduce the risks. One of the natural disasters that frequently occurs in the Papua Province is the earthquake. This study applies the principle of Geospatial and its application for mapping the earthquake-prone area in the Papua region. It uses earthquake data, which is recorded for 36 years (1973-2009), fault location map, and ground acceleration map of the area. The earthquakes and fault map are rearranged into an earthquake density map, as well as an earthquake depth density map and fault density map. The overlaid data of these three maps onto ground acceleration map are then (compiled) to obtain an earthquake unit map. Some districts area, such as Sarmi, Nabire, and Dogiyai, are identified by a high vulnerability index. In the other hand, Waropen, Puncak, Merauke, Asmat, Mappi, and Bouven Digoel area shows lower index. Finally, the vulnerability index in other places is detected as moderate.

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Analysis of Mw 7.2 2014 Molucca Sea earthquake and its aftershocks

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1730卷

作者： Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi Sri Widiyantoro Andri Dian Nugraha Mohamad Ramdhan Samsul Hadi Wiyono Wandono Wandono 1Study Program of Earth Sciences Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia 2Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia 3Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia Jl. Angkasa 1 No. 2 Kemayoran Jakarta Indonesia

A Mw 7.2 earthquake struck an area in the Molucca Sea region on November 15, 2014, and was followed by more than 300 aftershocks until the end of December 2014. This earthquake was the second largest event in the Molucca Sea during the last decade and was well recorded by local networks. Although the seismicity rate of the aftershocks was declining at the end of 2014, several significant earthquakes with magnitude (Mw) larger than five still occurred from January to May 2015 within the vicinity of the mainshock location. In this study, we investigated the earthquake process and its relation to the increasing seismicity in the Molucca Sea within six months after the earthquake. We utilized teleseismic double-difference hypocenter relocation method using local, regional, and teleseismic direct body-wave arrival times of 514 earthquakes from the time of mainshock occurrence to May 2015. Furthermore, we analyzed the focal mechanism solutions from the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Japan. From our results, we observed that aftershocks propagated along the NNE-SSW direction within a 100 km fault segment length of the Mayu Ridge. The highest number of the aftershocks was located in the SSW direction of the main event. The aftershocks were terminated at around 60 km depth, which may represent the location of the top of the Molucca Sea Plate (MSP). Between January and May 2015, several significant earthquakes propagated westward and were extended to the Molucca Sea slab. From focal mechanism catalog, we found that the mainshock mechanism was reverse with strike 192o and dip 55o. While most of the large aftershock mechanisms were consistent with the main event, several aftershocks had reverse, oblique mechanisms. Stress inversion result from focal mechanism data revealed that the maximum stress direction was SE and was not perpendicular with fault direction. We suggest that the non-perpendicular maximum stress caused several afte

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GIS modeling using fuzzy logic approach in mineral prospecting based on geophysical data

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1711卷

作者： Harman Setyadi Lilik Eko Widodo Sudarto Notosiswoyo Putri Saptawati Arief Ismanto Iip Hardjana 1Doctorate Student Mine Engineering Study Program – Faculty of Mine and Petroleum Engineering Institute Technology Bandung Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132 - INDONESIA 2Earth Resources Exploration Group - Faculty of Mine and Petroleum Engineering Institute Technology Bandung Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132 – INDONESIA 3Informatics– STIE Institute Technology Bandung Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132 - INDONESIA 4J. Resources Nusantara Equity Tower 48th floor SCBD. Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kav 52-53 Jakarta 12190 - INDONESIA

The geophysical exploration method is the superior over the project area due to the dense of vegetation and thick soil so very limited geological outcrops. Contrast of physical properties of every different rock type should be able to be distinguished by the geophysical data. Fuzzy logic approach and weight of evidence were used for geophysical data modeling. Posterior probability was used to calculate the weight of evidence (WofE) of every fuzzy map memberships. By combining each rock type model, the model provides better result compared from the model from mixed rock type on the data training. This method is able to eliminate the potential interference of different geophysical signature. So that, the understanding the geological feature of the area is key success for the mineral prosperity modeling. We verified the model by site visiting and drilling and it is estimated about 90% confident.

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