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Enhanced carbonate weathering and CO2 release in a typical karst watershed (Southwest China): Evidence from hydrochemical and multi-isotopic data

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 957卷 177372页

作者： Liu, Lei Lan, Jiacheng Ren, Kun Huang, Mingzhi Mao, Ruitao Zhang, Xianwen Yue, Kunqian School of Karst Science / State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertiffcation control Guizhou Normal University Guiyang550001 China Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi Guilin541004 China International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change Guilin541004 China Pingguo Guangxi Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Pingguo531406 China

Carbon sinks formed by carbonate weathering are a major component of the carbon sink deficit and play a significant role in the carbon cycle. However, exogenous acids (HNO3 and H2SO4) are also involved in carbonate weathering, complicating the overestimation of the formation of carbon sinks and fluxes. In this study, we analyzed the Hongjiadu karst underground river basin in Guizhou using isotopes (δ13C-DIC, δ34S-SO4, δ18O-SO4, δ18O-H2O, and δ2H-H2O) and hydrochemical methods to investigate carbon cycling characteristics and its influencing factors, and quantitatively evaluate the effects of HNO3 + H2SO4 on CO2 sink fluxes in the basin. The following results were obtained: (1) The nitrate in the watershed mainly comes from fertilizers, and the sulfate mainly comes from local coal seams. (2) The relationship between isotopes (δ13C-DIC, δ34S-SO4, δ18O-SO4, δ18O-H2O, and δ2H-H2O) and hydrochemicals (Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3–, HCO3–, and SO42–) indicates that H2CO3, HNO3, and H2SO4 are involved in carbonate rock dissolution. Most of the samples in the watershed, particularly the acid mine drainage water, were affected by acid rain and sulfide oxidation, resulting in increased δ13C-DIC values. Another portion of the springs was affected by soil CO2, resulting in decreased δ13C-DIC values. (3) Quantitative calculations showed that exogenous acids enhanced the weathering rate of carbonate rocks in groundwater by 67.24 % (dry season) and 76.31 % (wet season) while decreasing the carbon sink flux in groundwater by 55.31 % (dry season) and 66.64 % (wet season). Rainfall enhances the weathering of carbonate rocks. In the process, CO2 is released, increasing the carbon source. Our study highlights the influence of anthropogenic, natural, and hydrological changes on karst carbon sinks in mixed-pollution karst basins. This information is important for future studies on the carbonate weathering processes in karst regions. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Groundwater pollution

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Angular coefficients of the Drell-Yan process across different rapidity and kinematical ranges

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lyubovitskij, Valery E. Zhevlakov, Alexey S. Anikin, Iurii A. Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 14 TübingenD-72076 Germany of ANID Fernández Concha 700 Santiago Chile Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980 Russia Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str. 134 Irkutsk664033 Russia Department of Physics Tomsk State University Tomsk634050 Russia

We present comprehensive analysis of the angular structure of the Drell-Yan process at different rapidity and kinematical ranges using data of the ATLAS, LHCb, and CMS Collaborations at CERN LHC. From theory side we discuss next-to-leading order calculations in the framework of the collinear perturbative QCD and geometrical method. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Angular distribution

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Study on the Band Gap and Directional Wave Propagation Mechanism of Novel Single-Phase Metamaterials

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Cheng, Shu-Liang Yang, Hong-Yun Yan, Qun Wang, Bin Sun, Yong-Tao Xin, Ya-Jun Ding, Qian Yan, Hao Wang, Liang Key Laboratory of Mechanical Reliability for Heavy Equipment and Large Structure of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Engineering Environment Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin China Department of Mechanics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control Tianjin University Tianjin China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China Key Laboratory of Aeroacoustics and Dynamics Aircraft Strength Research Institute Xi’an China Key Laboratory of Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Civil Engineering of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China

In this paper, a new type of single-phase metamaterial is proposed. Based on the finite element method, the band gap characteristics of the structures with different branches are comprehensively analyzed, and the existence of the band gap is further verified by the frequency response transmission spectrum. Then, the propagation characteristics of elastic waves of different frequencies in different combinations of structures are investigated respectively. The results show that the proposed single-phase metamaterial structure has an excellent band gap range, and under the action of relatively low-frequency elastic waves, the wave propagation in the structure has a certain direction and regionality, while the elastic waves at higher frequencies are applied, the propagation direction of the wave tends to propagate in all directions. This paper provides a new idea for studying the structural design of metamaterials with specific wave propagation directions. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy gap

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气候变化情景下中国因高温造成的劳动生产力损失预估

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Science Bulletin 2023年第22期68卷 2827-2837,M0006页

作者：程亮亮谷魁英赵亮王会滨纪思翰刘钊黄建斌陈艺丹高学杰徐影王灿罗勇蔡闻佳宫鹏梁万年黄存瑞 School of Public Health Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmosphere Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Linkong Economics and Management Beijing Institute of Economics and ManagementBeijing 100102China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100084China Climate Change Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Institute of Healthy Chin1 Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

气候变化背景下,高温会影响职业人群的工作效率并造成劳动生产力损失.本研究基于区域气候模式并采用本土化的暴露-反应函数,预估了未来气候变化情景下中国因高温造成的劳动时间损失.研究发现,与基线期的213亿小时高温相关劳动时间损失相... 详细信息

气候变化背景下,高温会影响职业人群的工作效率并造成劳动生产力损失.本研究基于区域气候模式并采用本土化的暴露-反应函数,预估了未来气候变化情景下中国因高温造成的劳动时间损失.研究发现,与基线期的213亿小时高温相关劳动时间损失相比,到21世纪末在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下,损失将分别增加-17.8%、10.8%及121.1%.损失主要集中在华南、华中和华东地区,其中广东与河南将占到全国总损失的四分之一.因为这些区域的温度将更高、人口更密集、户外工作者在总人群中的比例较大.与RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景相比,若能实现1.5℃温控目标,将分别能够避免11.8%、33.7%和53.9%的劳动时间损失,相当于避免了全中国21世纪中叶的0.1%、0.6%及1.4%的年均GDP损失.本研究显示未来气候变化会给中国造成严重的热相关劳动生产力损失,并强调亟需采取因地制宜的气候减缓及适应策略以保护职业人群健康.本研究对其他与中国相似的发展中国家同样具有重要意义.

关键词： Climate change Heat stress Labor Work hours lost Occupational health

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Formation of true muonium in the Drell-Yan dimuon production

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gninenko, Sergei N. Kuleshov, Sergey Lyubovitskij, Valery E. Zhevlakov, Alexey S. Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia of ANID Fernández Concha 700 Santiago Chile Center for Theoretical and Experimental Particle Physics Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 Santiago Chile Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Tübingen Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Auf der Morgenstelle 14 TübingenD-72076 Germany Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics JINR Dubna Russia Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str. 134 Irkutsk664033 Russia

We suggest a new mechanism for the formation of true muonium (TM), the QED (µ+µ−) bound state, due to the Coulomb interaction of muons from µ+µ− pairs generated in the Drell-Yan reaction of protons off nuclei of a thin foil target. The TM atoms produced in the 3S1 long-lived triplet state (oTM) could escape from the foil to vacuum followed by their decay into e+e− pairs. Observation of e+e− events with a displaced vertex, and an invariant mass and decay time consistent with the mass and lifetime of the oTM is used as a signature of the discovery of TM. We present estimates of the TM yield and briefly discuss an experiment which could lead to such a discovery. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Coulomb interactions

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Lepton flavor violating dark photon

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Physical Review D 2024年第1期109卷 015015-015015页

作者： Alexey S. Zhevlakov Dmitry V. Kirpichnikov Valery E. Lyubovitskij Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics JINR 141980 Dubna Russia Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str. 134 664033 Irkutsk Russia Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences 117312 Moscow Russia Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Tübingen Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Auf der Morgenstelle 14 D-72076 Tübingen Germany Departamento de Física y Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso-CCTVal Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Casilla 110-V Valparaíso Chile Millennium Institute for Subatomic Physics at the High-Energy Frontier (SAPHIR) of ANID Fernández Concha 700 Santiago Chile

We study the possible impact of dark photons on lepton flavor phenomenology. We derive the constraints on nondiagonal dark photon couplings with leptons by analyzing corresponding contributions to lepton anomalous magnetic moments, rare lepton decays, and the prospects of fixed-target experiments aimed at searching for light dark matter based on missing energy/momentum techniques.

关键词： Extensions of gauge sector Phenomenology Weakly interacting massive particles Hypothetical gauge bosons

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Test of vector portal with dark fermions in the charge-exchange reactions in the NA64 experiment at CERN SPS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gninenko, Sergei N. Kirpichnikov, Dmitry V. Kuleshov, Sergey Lyubovitskij, Valery E. Zhevlakov, Alexey S. Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia of ANID Fernández Concha 700 Santiago Chile Center for Theoretical and Experimental Particle Physics Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 Santiago Chile Departamento de Física y Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso-CCTVal Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Casilla 110-V Valparaíso Chile Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics JINR Dubna141980 Russia Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str. 134 Irkutsk664033 Russia

We consider an experiment to search for dark sector particles in dark photon kinetic mixing model by analyze invisible and semi-invisible decays of neutral mesons M0 = π0, η, η′, ω, f2(1270), produced in the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS. The approach proposed in Ref. [1] is to use the charge-exchange reactions π− + (A, Z) → M0 + (A, Z − 1);M0 → invisible or semi-invisible of high-energy pions (or kaons) at a nuclei target as a source of M0s, which subsequently decay invisibly into dark sector. This reaction chain would lead to a striking signature of the signal event - the complete disappearance of the beam energy in the setup. Using data obtained from the study of charge-exchange reactions at IHEP (Protvino) and Fermilab (Batavia) we show that the integral cross sections σ for production of the neutral mesons M0 are slightly deviate from phenomenological formula σ ∼ Z2/3, where Z is the nuclei charge. In particular, we present the formulas for the differential and integral sections that explicitly depend on the Mandelstam and Z variables. Derived formulas are used to predict the cross sections as a function of beam energy for several target nuclei, and to estimate the projection sensitivity for the proposed search for the M0 → semi-invisible and M0 → invisible decays through the vector portal to dark sector. Sensitivity to different semi-invisible decay modes of neutral pseudoscalar mesons is studied. © 2023, CC0.

关键词： Hadrons

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Probing Hidden Leptonic Scalar Portals using the NA64 Experiment at CERN

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ponten, A. Sieber, H. Banto Oberhauser, B. Crivelli, P. Kirpichnikov, D. Gninenko, S.N. Hösgen, M. Molina Bueno, L. Mongillo, M. Zhevlakov, A. Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Physics Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 Uppsala752 36 Sweden ETH Zürich Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Center for Theoretical and Experimental Particle Physics Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 Santiago Chile Universität Bonn Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik Bonn53115 Germany Carrer del Catedratic Jose Beltran Martinez 2 Paterna Valencia46980 Spain Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics JINR Dubna141980 Russia Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str. 134 Irkutsk664033 Russia

In this study, we demonstrate the potential of the NA64 experiment at CERN SPS to search for New Physics processes involving e → μ transitions after the collision of 100 GeV electrons with target nuclei. A new Dark Sector leptonic portal in which a scalar boson φ could be produced in the lepton-flavor-changing bremsstrahlung-like reaction, eN → μNφ, is used as benchmark process. In this work, we develop a realistic Monte Carlo simulation of the NA64 experimental setup implementing the differential and total production cross-section computed at exact tree-level and applying the Weiszäcker-Williams phase space approximation. Using this framework, we investigate the main background sources and calculate the expected sensitivity of the experiment. The results indicate that with minor setup optimization, NA64 can probe a large fraction of the available parameter space compatible with the muon g−2 anomaly and the Dark Matter relic predictions in the context of a new Dark Sector leptonic portal with 1011 EOT. This result paves the way to the exploration of lepton-flavour-changing transitions in NA64. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Test of the vector portal with dark fermions in the charge-exchange reactions in the NA64 experiment at CERN SPS

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Physical Review D 2024年第7期109卷 075021-075021页

作者： Sergei N. Gninenko Dmitry V. Kirpichnikov Sergey Kuleshov Valery E. Lyubovitskij Alexey S. Zhevlakov Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences 117312 Moscow Russia Millennium Institute for Subatomic Physics at the High-Energy Frontier (SAPHIR) of ANID Fernández Concha 700 Santiago Chile Center for Theoretical and Experimental Particle Physics Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 Santiago Chile Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Tübingen Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Auf der Morgenstelle 14 D-72076 Tübingen Germany Departamento de Física y Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso-CCTVal Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Casilla 110-V Valparaíso Chile Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics JINR 141980 Dubna Russia Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str. 134 664033 Irkutsk Russia

We consider an experiment to search for dark sector particles in invisible (or semi-invisible) decays of neutral mesons M0=π0, η, η′, ω, f2(1270), which produced the charge-exchange reactions π−+(A,Z)→M0+(A,Z−1);M0→ invisible of high-energy pions (or kaons) on a nuclei target in the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS. This reaction chain would lead to a striking signature of the signal event—the complete disappearance of the beam energy in the setup [Phys. Rev. D 91, 015004 (2015)]. Using data obtained from the measurements at IHEP (Protvino) and Fermilab (Batavia) we show that the integral cross sections σ for the production of the M0 s slightly deviate from the phenomenological formula σ∼Z2/3, where Z is the nuclei charge. In particular, we present the formulas for the differential and integral cross sections that explicitly depend on the Mandelstam and Z variables. Derived formulas are used to predict the M0 yield as a function of beam energy for several target nuclei, and to estimate the projection sensitivity for the proposed search in the dark vector portal model. Sensitivity to different decay modes of M0s is explored.

关键词： Particle dark matter Hypothetical gauge bosons

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Lepton flavor violating dark photon

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhevlakov, Alexey S. Kirpichnikov, Dmitry V. Lyubovitskij, Valery E. Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics JINR Dubna141980 Russia Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Lermontov str. 134 Irkutsk664033 Russia Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Tübingen Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Auf der Morgenstelle 14 TübingenD-72076 Germany Departamento de Física y Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso-CCTVal Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Casilla 110-V Valparaíso Chile of ANID Fernández Concha 700 Santiago Chile

We study the possible impact of dark photons on lepton flavor phenomenology. We derive the constraints on non-diagonal dark photon couplings with leptons by analyzing corresponding contributions to lepton anomalous magnetic moments, rare lepton decays and the prospects of fixed-target experiments aiming for search for light dark matter based on missing energy/momentum techniques. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

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