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Ozone pollution induced-yield loss of major staple crops in China and effects from COVID-19

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年 157卷 804-820页

作者： Haiyang Liu Siyuan Wang Guangsheng Chen Zhaozhong Feng Di Liu Wenxiu Zhang Shufen Pan Hanqin Tian State Key Laboratory For Ecological Security of Regions and Cities Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA

Surface ozone (O 3 ) pollution showed a continuous increasing trend during the recent decades in China, posing an increasing threat to food security. A wide range of yield reductions have been reported and thus more studies are needed to narrow down the uncertainty resulting from spatiotemporal accuracy of O 3 metrics and extrapolation methods. Based on a high spatial resolution (0.1°) hourly surface O 3 data, here we analyzed the spatiotemporal O 3 pollution patterns and impacts on yield, production and economic losses for wheat, rice, and maize in China during 2005–2020. The accumulated O 3 exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) increased by 10 % during 2005–2019, and a decrease of 5.56 % was observed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Rising O 3 pollution reduced national level wheat, rice and maize yields by 14.51 % ± 0.43 %, 11.10 % ± 0.6 %, and 3.99 % ± 0.11 %, respectively. A Business-As-Usual projection suggested that the relative yield loss (RYL) would potentially reach 8 %–18 % at the national scale by 2050 if no emission control is implemented. COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 led to significantly reduced RYL for maize (0.52 %) and rice (2.17 %) but not for wheat (0.11 %), with the largest reduction (1.88 %–9.4 %) in North China Plain, highlighting the potential benefits of emission control. Our findings provided robust evidence that rising O 3 pollution has significantly affected China's crop yields, production and economic losses, underscoring the urgent need to curb O 3 pollution to safeguard food security, particularly in densely populated and industrialized regions.

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Design and Implementation Study of 3.12 kWp on - Grid Rooftop Solar PV system 7

Design and Implementation Study of 3.12 kWp on - Grid Roofto...

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7th International Conference on Electrical engineering and Informatics, ICEEI 2019

作者： Mizard, Ariyq Naufal Aryani, Dwi Riana Verdianto, Ariono Hudaya, Chairul Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Indonesia Energy System Engineering Master Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok 16424 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124186

Conversion of fossil fuels as an energy source can be achieved by optimizing the use of renewable energy. One of the most used renewable energy is solar photovoltaics (PV). At present, solar power plant is an electrification support system for certain buildings because the abundant availability of solar radiation. On this research, Power and energy observations are carried out to determine measure the load power trend, the amount of energy flow from PV to the load, as well as import or export power from or to utility grid by direct measurement on Mosque of Faculty of engineering, Universitas Indonesia. According to the study, the highest power generated by solar power plant mostly occurs at 12:00 - 13:00 with the highest power generated by PV is 2,344 W and the exported power is 939 W, and 32.19% - 55.67% electricity energy savings consumption from utility grid. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Solar energy

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The Combined Localization Based on TDOA and FDOA for High-Speed Moving Object 13

The Combined Localization Based on TDOA and FDOA for High-Sp...

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Joint 13th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent systems and 25th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent systems, SCIS and ISIS 2024

作者： Jeon, Seul-Bi Jo, Tae-Ho Park, Jong-Hwan Hwang, Suk-Seung Chosun University Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Dept. of Electronic Engineering Gwangju Korea Republic of Soletop Co. Ltd Satellite System Lab Daejeon Korea Republic of School of Electronic Eigineering Chosun University Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Gwangju Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373332

Detecting the location of high-speed moving objects is a critical issue in various fields including the medical, emergence service, aerospace, defense areas, etc. In general, Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) techniques are primarily used for estimating the location of a moving object. Although these techniques provide excellent estimation performance for the stationary or low speed moving object, they may have significant location estimation errors for the high-speed object moving. In order to improve this problem, this paper introduces the combined localization method based on TDOA and FDOA for estimating the location of high-speed moving objects efficiently. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Time difference of arrival

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Solving the bottleneck problem at automated highway exits

Solving the bottleneck problem at automated highway exits

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1996 Vehicular Navigation and Information systems Conference, VNIS 1996

作者： Ran, Bin Huang, Wenjing Leight, Shawn Intelligent Transportation System Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin at Madison 2256 Engineering Hall 1415 Engineering Drive MadisonWI53706 United States

Automated Highway systems (AHS) offer a potential solution that could triple current freeway capacity. A three-fold increase in freeway capacity would translate into a significant increase in peak freeway traffic flow. The corresponding increase of flow on urban roads due to exiting AHS vehicles could quickly overwhelm the capacity of urban streets and lead to critical bottlenecking of AHS flow. If exiting AHS vehicles can not sufficiently clear AHS exits because the local streets are jammed, traffic will spill onto the AHS mainline and reduce AHS capacity. The loss of AHS capacity due to congestion in urban destinations and the resulting back spill of traffic onto the AHS will greatly detract from the AHS system. The following Non-Intermodal Interface (NII) and Intermodal Interface (II) strategies are proposed as solutions to this critical bottleneck problem: 1) the dispersion of flow through AHS networks;2) the dispersion of flow at commuter destinations;and 3) the consolidation of flow at central locations. Specifically, smart street signals and prioritized street design;intermodal terminals;and automated garages are identified as potential solutions. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three general strategies. Specifically, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four specific solutions through simulated scenarios which account for varying ramp volumes, trip attraction patterns, and urban structures. Our investigation shows that creative combinations of these methods can be useful to integrate future AHS with local road networks. © 1996 IEEE.

关键词： Hazardous materials spills

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Evaluation of Ni–B alloy electroplated with different anionic groups

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2023年 27卷 8360-8371页

作者： Cheng, An-Yu Pu, Nen-Wen Liu, Yih-Ming Hsieh, Min-Syuan Ger, Ming-Der Department of Chemistry & Materials Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taiwan Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Yuan Ze University Zhongli Taiwan Taoyuan320 Taiwan System Engineering and Technology Program National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

In order to study the effects of the main nickel salt on the electroplated nanocrystalline Ni–B alloy coating, the deposition rates, surface morphology, crystallinity, grain sizes, hardness, and corrosion resistance of the Ni–B films electrodeposited with plating baths containing separately nickel sulfate (NS) and nickel sulfamate (NSA) under various temperatures and current densities were compared. Under all conditions, the NSA bath system offered higher deposition rates and lower B contents than the NS counterpart because of the formation of Ni-ammonium complex, which can be adsorbed faster than nickel ions. These two groups of coatings had similar surface morphology and crystallinity under all plating conditions except for those plated with the NS bath system at 60 °C, wherein significant changes in surface texture and preferred crystal orientation as well as an abrupt increase in grain size occurred. The coating hardness was optimized by reducing the grain size and increasing the boron content because of the combined effects of grain refinement strengthening and solid solution strengthening. The differences between the two main salt systems can be explained by the presence of ammonium ions in the NSA bath, which not only increased the deposition rate but also maintained the preferred orientation in Ni (111) at high temperature. Our results indicate that, under high current density and high temperature operation conditions, the NSA main salt plating system is a more favorable option for obtaining higher quality Ni–B alloy coatings. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Sulfur compounds

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Unraveling Game Addiction Behavior Among Digital Native Students: Leveraging Machine Learning for Insights 13

Unraveling Game Addiction Behavior Among Digital Native Stud...

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13th IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite, COMNETSAT 2024

作者： Amriza, Rona Nisa Sofia Fadhilla, Cut Alna Telkom University Department of Information System Purwokerto Indonesia Universitas Samudra Informatics Study Program Faculty of Engineering Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368086

The allure of gaming often leads to excessive engagement, which can result in addictive and problematic behaviors, negatively impacting academic performance and school achievements. While gaming becomes increasingly prevalent, concerns about game addiction have grown, particularly among students. The excessive and obsessive usage of video games that characterizes game addiction can have detrimental effects like academic deterioration, social isolation, and mental health problems. This study seeks to elucidate the complex patterns of game addiction among digital-native students by utilizing advanced machine learning techniques. We employed Random Forest, SVM, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes algorithms to classify game addiction data from students. To address the class imbalance, we applied Borderline-SMOTE. Our results demonstrate that decision tree and random forest outperformed other machine learning approaches, achieving an accuracy of 95% in classifying game addiction. These findings contribute to the expanding body of knowledge on game addiction. Furthermore, in order to provide real-time monitoring and intervention for students who are at risk of developing a game addiction, future research may investigate incorporating these findings into educational platforms or applications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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The fundamental digital circuits laboratory at the University of Central Florida

The fundamental digital circuits laboratory at the Universit...

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1999 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: engineering Education to Serve the World

作者： Motlagh, Bahman S. Rahrooh, Alireza University of Central Florida Department of Engineering Technology University of Central Florida Info. System Technology Program Brevard Campus

A course in Digital Circuits is an essential part of a well-rounded Electrical engineering Technology (EET) curriculum. With hands-on experiments significantly improving the understanding and visualization of complex subject matters, a series of laboratory experiments have been developed in order to enhance the teaching and learning processes of Digital Circuits at the University of Central Florida. The laboratory manual has been designed in order to bridge the wide gap between textbook theory and real-life problems, while the laboratory assignments provide the student with both practical and problem-solving experiments to reinforce class lectures.

关键词： engineering education

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Counting number of points for acne vulgaris using UV fluorescence and image processing

Counting number of points for acne vulgaris using UV fluores...

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4th Biomedical engineering International Conference, BMEiCON-2011

作者： Khongsuwan, Manita Kiattisin, Supaporn Wongseree, Waranyu Leelasantitham, Adisorn Technology of Information System Management Program Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University 25/25 Puttamonthon Nakorn Pathom 73170 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781457721908

This paper presents counting number of points for the *** vulgaris using UV Fluorescence and image processing. This proposed method uses a process of image processing as follows. Cropping a UV image is to select a region of interest and, then the cropped image is resized for a suitable size and it (or the color image) is converted to a gray image. Quality of this gray image will be improved for image enhancement using adaptive histogram equalization. Finally, extended maxima transform, i.e. the regional maxima of the H-maxima transform, is used for counting number of the *** points. The experimental results show that the accuracy, sensitivity and precision are approximately at 83.75%, 98.22% and 85.04%, respectively. It saves time to analysis of the acne points. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Counting number of sweat glands using image processing

Counting number of sweat glands using image processing

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4th Biomedical engineering International Conference, BMEiCON-2011

作者： Pakkaselevat, Narutchai Kiattisin, Supaporn Wongseree, Waranyu Leelasantitham, Adisorn Technology of Information System Management Program Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University 25/25 Puttamonthon Nakorn Pathom 73170 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781457721908

This paper presents counting number of the sweat glands using image processing. This method uses a process of image processing as follows. The cropped image of the sweat glands is resized for an extensive size and it is converted to gray image. Then, unsharp filter is used for this image to adjust clearly the sweat glands. Quality of the image will be improved for image enhancement using adaptive histogram equalization. Finally, extended minima transform, i.e. the regional minima of the H-minima transform, is used for counting number of the sweat glands. The experimental results show that the accuracy, sensitivity and precision are approximately at 70.31%, 77.38% and 88.89%, respectively. It saves time to analysis of the sweat glands. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Maintenance integration in a control-monitoring architecture based on Petri net with objects. Application to a flexible manufacturing system

Maintenance integration in a control-monitoring architecture...

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2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA

作者： Loures, E. Rocha Busetti De Paula, M.A. Pascal, J.-C. Graduate Program in Production System Engineering PUCPR Curitiba Brazil Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems LAAS/CNRS Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)1424406811

The problem of failure occurrence in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) tends to increase according to their complexity leading to time-consuming tasks as the localisation and repairing. The occurrence of failures during the exploitation stage can deeply modify the FMS performances or its availability. We want to investigate the maintenance integration into a control-monitoring framework, from the control system's early design stage to the maintenance policies execution, so as to improve production time and minimize unplanned costly breakdowns of FMS. This paper proposes a modular and hierarchic control-monitoring-maintenance architecture (CMM) for FMS based on Petri nets with objects (PNO). These efforts acts as a basis for the control architecture of a robot-driven flexible cell, connected to the Ethernet-TCP/IP. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Flexible manufacturing systems

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