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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 315-328页

作者： Nelson, JM Jones, CS Poston, LA [?]John M. Nelson received a B.S. degree in Physics from Randolph Macon College in 1967. He has been employed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division for the past thirty-six years and is currently an engineer in the Systems Engineering Branch of the Combat Systems Division where he has been working on combat system survivability issues for the last three years. Before that time he was involved in a variety of survivability and vulnerability tasks that included being a member of the USS Stark Incident Investigation Team. He was also a major investigator and contributor to the Surface Navy Vietnam Ship Battle Damage Team and a member of the 1980s Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA SYSCOM) Survivability Improvement Working Group. He has worked in a similar role with the AEGIS Program Office (PMS 400) since that time working on the DDG 51 and CG 47 Class AEGIS Combat System programs. Mr. Nelson was the AEGIS Combat Systems Director for the USS Anzio EMPRESS II Trial.

The Navy conducted a total ship electromagnetic pulse (EMP) trial of a Baseline IV AEGIS Cruiser (USS Anzio, CG 68) in the summer of 1993 using the second-generation Electromagnetic Pulse Radio-frequency Environment Simulator for Ships (EMPRESS II). The trial marked the only full-scale test of its kind to be performed. After years of preparation, a full-scale, total ship EMP trial took place at sea off the Virginia coast. It had two primary objectives. The first objective was to completely baseline the survivability of shipboard equipment at EMP field strengths high enough to obtain accurate test data but low enough to minimize equipment damage from multiple electromagnetic pulses. The second objective was to determine the ability of the ship to fight after a full-scale level EMP. Both objectives of the EMP trial were successfully met. The results verified pretrial hardening predictions and efforts, revealed hardening weaknesses, and provided a baseline for future platform hardening initiatives. EMPRESS II was dismantled shortly after the trial, having fulfilled its mission of serving as the surface Navy's essential EMP test tool. This paper presents a background on the EMP program, an overview of the EMP assessment processes, Anzio trial preparations, and some of the significant trial results. It also details some of the lessons learned from the trial that will help to ensure EMP survivability for future ship design.

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Affordability, logistics R&D and fleet systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 199-213页

作者： Schulte, DP Skolnick, A He has supported the development and operation of several naval systems including advanced component selection for Trident II fire control and navigation systems. He served as branch manager of the Surface Ship ASW Combat System Branch which acted as the acquisition engineering agent for the AN/SQQ-89 Surface Ship Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon System. He was then selected to manage the Module Engineering Department which provided engineering support to numerous naval systems including the AN/BSY-1 Submarine Combat System and the Trident II fire control and navigation system. He then served as the deputy program manager for NAVSEA Progressive Maintenance (2M/ATE). He holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University and currently is pursuing a Maste's degree in Public Environmental Affairs at Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis. He served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University in missile development then aboard USS Boston (CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments (Regulus Terrier Tartar Talos) inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. He led the Navy's High Energy Lasers and Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced technology at Operations Research Inc. and vice president maritime engineering at Defense Group Inc. before starting SSC in 1991. Dr. Skolnick holds a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Economics Queens College an M.A. degree in Mathematics and Philosophy Columbia University an M.S. degree in Electrical/Aeronautical Engineering U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics from Polytechnic University in New York. He is the author of many published papers on engineering design issues source selection procedures and large-scale complex technology problems

The Fleet continues to require high performance systems that can operate with dependability in the seas' unforgiving environments and under hostile action. Those demands are not new. What has changed is the urgent priority formerly assigned to national defense issues. The arguments for continued superpower military strength are now roiled in politics along with unsettled budgets and uncertain force level projections. Current expectations revolve about indefinite fiscal and operational issues (difficult funding constraints and broadband threats). In the actual event of ''doing more with less,'' a practical response is to apply the creative power available from sound engineering judgement and the crucible of experience to the immediate needs of the Fleet. The attempt to shorten the path between advanced development effort and Fleet use has been tried occasionally in the past, often, without exemplary results. The Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practices (SHARP) program, is a generic R&D effort under OpNav sponsorship that has been working steadily on sensible solutions to product engineering problems. Armed today with fast-time, large-scale computation abilities and modern tools for technical problem solving coupled with specialized engineering knowledge, it has been refreshed and is underway satisfying existing Fleet needs. The relationship between fully responsive engineering services and current operational needs is always demanding. The connection between advanced engineering development (6.3 category funds) and immediate Fleet usage brings added complexity and challenge, both technical and organizational. Illustrative examples of affordable engineering solutions to ''retain, revise, replace or retire'' questions are presented within the context of both Fleet realities and budgetary limitations. The discussion covers legacy system support, civil/military considerations and Fleet maintenance issues. It describes the substantial and critical payoffs i

关键词： Warships

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New microscope for measuring the distribution of nonlinear dielectric properties

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第6期79卷 68-75页

作者： Cho, Y Kirihara, A Saeki, T Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Yamaguchi University Ube Japan 755 Received his B.E. M.S. and Dr. of Eng. degrees from Tohoku University in 1980 1982 and 1986 respectively. He joined the University as a Research Associate in the Research Institute of Electrical Communication in 1985. He joined Yamaguchi University in 1990 as an Associate Professor in the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department. He has been involved in research on nonlinear phenomenon of piezoelectric materials and their application. Received his B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Yamaguchi University in 1995. He is working at present for the University as a technical official. He has been involved in research on the telecommunication electronic circuits and the application of the piezoelectric materials. Received his B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Yamaguchi University in 1995 and has been involved in research and development of the scanning nonlinear dielectric microscope system. He is at present in the Master's program in the Electrical Engineering Department of Kyushu University.

This paper describes a new technique for imaging the distribution of nonlinear dielectric constants of ferroelectric materials. This technique is based on the principle that the nonlinear (third-order) dielectric constants (third-rank tensor) are very sensitive to the state of the spontaneous polarization and the quality of the crystallization of materials, while the linear (second-order) dielectric constants (second-rank tensor) are insensitive to them. Applying this principle, a new microscope for measuring the distribution of nonlinear dielectric properties is developed. This new microscope is used to observe the distribution of the polarization of ferroelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic and piezoelectric polymer.

关键词： ferroelectric materials nonlinear dielectric constant microscope piezoelectric materials

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Soliton system evaluations using fibers with dispersion and loss fluctuations

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第4期79卷 77-84页

作者： Ishiba, K Komatsu, T Takahara, M Faculty of Engineering Yamanashi University Kofu Japan 400 Graduated in 1994 from the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering where he is currently in the Master's program. He has been engaged in research on optical fiber soliton transmission. Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in 1993 and 1995 respectively from the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Yamanashi University. He joined NTT in April 1995. He has been engaged in research on simulation of the optical fiber soliton transmission and on the transmission system with flexibility in transmission speed. Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering Yamanashi University in 1965 and received his M.S. degree in 1967. He received his Ph.D. degree later. In 1967 he became a Research Associate of the Department of Electronic Engineering Yamanashi University. In 1991 he became a Professor of Electronic and Information Engineering. He has been engaged in research on special function theory nonlinear circuits optical communication systems and LAN systems. In 1984 he received a Book Award from I.E.I.C.E. In 1990–91 he was on leave at Southampton University. He is a member of IEEE.

In the development of practical multimedia systems, greater capacity is desired in a long-distance large-capacity transmission system. A number of studies have been undertaken to develop a long-distance large-capacity system. Several long-distance transmission experiments for high-density transmission by wavelength demultiplexing method (WDM) have been reported recently. However, more of the experimental examples have reported on soliton transmission than on WDM systems. Hence, the former is considered more advanced. It is necessary to prepare a fiber of a length of approximately 10,000 km for ultralong-distance transmission experiment. Since this is difficult to obtain, repetitive experiments are often the case. However, such an experiment does not disclose the effects of dispersion and loss fluctuation in the fiber. In this paper, the effect of fluctuation in dispersion and loss in the fiber is studied by simulation so that the resilience of the soliton to the variations of the fiber characteristics is evaluated.

关键词： optical soliton dispersion fluctuation loss fluctuation Gordon-Haus jitter

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Modeling and simulation in the sealift program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第6期108卷 27-39页

作者： Edinberg, D Back, K McVeigh, J David Edinberg is a senior naval architect with Advanced Marine Enterprises in Arlington Virginia. His experience in ship design includes dynamic analysis of ship's deck systems intact and damaged stability calculations trim and stability support during ship designs and structural design. For the last two years he has led a team of engineers in the dynamic analysis of the sideport ramp system employed on the Navy's new sealift ships. He graduated in 1979 with a B.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. Keith Back is a senior engineer with Advanced Marine Enterprises in Arlington Virginia. He is currently the section chief for the Advanced Visualization Group. He has more than ten years experience developing and using CAD models in the ship design environment. For the past two years he has led the development of visualization techniques and models for use in simulations for current ship design programs. He graduated in 1985 with a B.S. degree in aerospace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. USA Lt. Col. Joe McVeigh USA is currently deputy program manager (Army) for PMS 385 the Strategic Sealift Office at NavSea. As the senior U.S. Army officer on staff he is responsible for interfacing with the program's primary customer in addition to his assignment as T&E director. Lt. Col. McVeigh graduated with a B.Sc. from the United States Military Academy in 1978 after which he received his 2nd lieutenant's commission in the U.S. Army Transportation Corps. In 1991 he received M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering and naval architecture and marine engineering from MIT. Lt. Col. McVeigh's previous assignments have included: platoon leader/XO 870th Terminal Transfer Company program support officer/XO/contract administrator DLA operations staff officer/Exercise Branch chief. Special Forces Europe company commander 598th Medium Truck Company commander Movement Control Team Mannheim and Army watercraft systems engineer U.S.

The Navy's Sealift program had several unique problems associated with it which have been addressed using innovative modeling and simulation tech niques. These techniques fall under two categories: visualization and dynamic analysis. This paper will discuss the employment of these techniques and the impact their application has had in the program. Also examined will be various difficulties that were encountered in the application of these techniques. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) visualization tools were used to model the interior Ro/Ro spaces on the four classes of new construction and conversion ships now being procured. These models were employed for vehicle maneuvering simulations, operator familiarization and visualization of the results of an analysis of the loading and unloading of Ro/Ro vehicles. A COTS dynamic analysis system was used to simulate dynamic behavior during the assembly/deplopment and retrieval/disassembly of the side port ramp using the ships' cranes. These analyses supported reviews of design configurations, proposed handling procedures, and in conjunction with extensive post-processing, operability assessments for system operation. In a parallel effort, an interactive crane simulator was developed to support on-going engineering studies, indoctrination, and test and evaluation purposes. Lessons learned have been applied to other activities at the Naval Sea systems Command. Critical areas were the validation and maintenance of up-to-date configuration data for the visual models, adaptive levels of detail to meet the requirements of each study objective, and the need to provide comprehensive documentation of models.

关键词： Marine engineering

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Measuring productivity of software projects: A data envelopment analysis approach

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DECISION SCIENCES 1996年第1期27卷 57-80页

作者： Mahmood, MA Pettingell, KJ Shaskevich, AI Information and Decision Sciences University of Texas–El Paso El Paso TX 79968 E-mail: mmahmood@mail.utep.edu Information and Decision Sciences University of Texas–El Paso El Paso TX 79968 950 Camino Del Rex Las Cruces NM 88001 [?]1Mo Adam Mahmood is a professor of information systems and Ellis and Susan Mayfield Endowed Professor in Business Administration at the University of Texas at El Paso. He received his Ph.D. in management information system from Texas Tech University. His research interests include software engineering information technology in support of superior organizational shategic and ecxlIKlmic perfonnamethe strategic manager's perspectives on information technology and infamation technology for national and inkmatid competitiveness. Dr. Mahtnd has published in Decision SciencesMIS Quarterly Joumal of Management Information SystemsEuropean Joud of Information Systems INFOR-Canadian' Journal of Operation Research and Information Processing and Information and Management among others. He has also edited and published a book in the information technology investment and performance area. He is cmntly serving as editor of the Journal of End-User Computing. He is also serving as guest editor associate editor member of the editorial review board or referee for a number of information systems journals. In addition he has presented research papers served as both a reviewer and discussant chaired sessions and tracks and participated in program committees of several regional national and international conferences.

Current economic conditions are forcing information system departments to focus simultaneously on decreasing costs while increasing software productivity. Improving software productivity is becoming critical because software costs of large in-house software companies have been increasing rapidly. For many organizations, however, measuring software productivity has been a difficult task. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this research study investigates the productivity of 78 commercial system projects. The results of this study have practical implications for software project managers undertaking software development. The results showed that the DEA technology can be successfully used to identify efficient and inefficient software projects. Furthermore, within the inefficient group, DEA can also identify factors that affect software productivity in a positive or negative manner, allowing managers to take corrective actions. Based on the findings of this study, the manuscript also provides some practical guidelines for managers to follow in software development.

关键词： Data Envelopment Analysis Information systems implementation systems development methodologies

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Performance based irrigation planning under water shortage

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Irrigation and Drainage systems 1995年第2期9卷 143-162页

作者： Onta, P.R. Loff, R. Banskota, M. Irrigation Engineering and Management Program Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand Department of Irrigation System Management and Training Branch Kathmandu Nepal

A linear programming (LP) based optimization model and a simulation model are developed and applied in a typical diversion type irrigation system for land and water allocation during the dry season. Optimum cropping patterns for different management strategies are obtained by the LP model for different irrigation efficiencies and water availability scenarios. The simulation model yields the risk-related irrigation system performance measures (i.e. reliability, resiliency and vulnerability) for the management policies defined by the optimization model. The alternative strategies are evaluated in terms of all performance criteria (i.e. net economic benefit, equity and reliability) simultaneously through a trade-off analysis using a multi-criteria decision making method (compromise programming). For the case study of the Kankai irrigation system in Nepal, with equal preference to the objectives, a management strategy with equal share of water among the project subareas appears to be the most satisfactory alternative under water shortage conditions. The existing water allocation policy is not economically efficient. Deficit irrigation in Early paddy appears attractive under favorable hydrologic scenario, particularly if accompanied by measures to improve existing irrigation system efficiency.

关键词： allocation economic efficiency equity irrigation management models performance reliability

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DETERMINATION OF FIBER-MATRIX INTERPHASE MODULI FROM EXPERIMENTAL MODULI OF COMPOSITES WITH MULTILAYERED FIBERS

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 1995年第3期21卷 191-215页

作者： CHU, YC ROKHLIN, SI The Ohio State University Nondestructive Evaluation Program Department of Industrial Welding and System Engineering 190 West 19th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA

In this paper we report a method for inverse determination of effective elastic moduli of fiber-matrix interphases from experimentally measured composite moduli. Multi-phase micromechanical models and simplified spring approximations are used for inversion. An analytical expression for the transverse shear modulus of a composite with multi-layered fibers is derived using a multi-phase generalized self-consistent (MGSC) model, which forms the theoretical basis for inversion. This method has been used to determine the moduli of fiber-matrix interphases in ceramic and intermetallic matrix composites with similar SiC fibers and carbon fiber coating using the composite moduli measured ultrasonically. We find that the calculated moduli of interphasial carbon in the intermetallic matrix composite, after considering differences in microstructure, are very close to those available in the literature. The interphasial moduli obtained for the ceramic matrix composite are smaller than those published. We have found that this difference can be well explained by considering imperfect contact between the interphasial carbon and the matrix due to excessive matrix porosity at the interfacial region. Special emphasis is placed on error propagation in the inversion process and interpretation of experimental results. The results show that the interphasial moduli in intermetallic matrix composites are more sensitive to measurement error than those in ceramic matrix composites due to higher interphase-to-matrix stiffness ratio in intermetallic matrix composites. For both types of composites the calculated interphasial moduli are most sensitive to error in measurements of composite and matrix moduli and less sensitive to error in fiber moduli.

关键词： COMPOSITES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS INTERFACES ELASTIC WAVES ULTRASONICS MATERIALS TESTING

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THE NEXT-GENERATION IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC DETECTION

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1995年第4期74卷 4-15页

作者： EICKMEYER, JR EPTING, BE THOMPSON, MV Undersea Systems Engineering Department at AT&T Advanced Technology Systems in Whippany New Jersey Fixed Distributed System-Underwater Segment (FDS-UWS) program at AT&T Advanced Technology Systems in Greensboro North Carolina Undersea Systems Engineering Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories in Whippany New Jersey

Since the 1950s, AT&T has provided underwater detection equipment to the U.S. Navy to satisfy the navy's two-tier mission of studying the ocean and developing and testing sonar systems. The latest generation of hardware is a fiber-optic system that has the transmission capacity of all the previous systems combined. Its design and development has provided a challenge both from the technical aspect of meeting stringent performance requirements and from the engineering aspect of managing a large defense program having a budget greater than $500 million. Following a brief summary of AT&T's history in the development and manufacture of underwater acoustic detection hardware, this paper provides a technical description of the fiber-optic system and a project history describing the processes used in bringing the equipment into production. During the period of program execution (1989 to the present), systems engineering management philosophy has evolved from strict now-down of requirements via military standards to concurrent engineering and product-realization teams. The Fixed Distributed system (FDS) project has followed the same route, partly by design and partly by necessity. It provided some valuable lessons that have been learned and incorporated into the present AT&T Advanced Technology systems (ATS) engineering process, which has been the basis for AT&T Best Current Practices in systems engineering.

关键词： Underwater acoustics

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Application of function-to-platform mapping to space-based surveillance system architectural design

Application of function-to-platform mapping to space-based s...

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IEEE Conference on Aerospace Applications

作者： S. Petri P. Bumpus D. Bearden G. Coleman BESim System Engineering The Aerospace Corporation BESim Development Nichols Research Corporation Brilliant Eyes Program Office USAF Space and Missile Systems Center

An end-to-end integrated simulation of a space-based surveillance system, sponsored by the Air Force Brilliant Eyes (BE) system program Office (SPO), was developed at the National Test Facility (NTF) and Nichols Research Corporation (NRC), Colorado Springs, Colorado. The simulation, called BESim, is sufficiently flexible and adaptable to be rapidly reconfigured to model various baseline architectural concepts and assess resulting system performance and resource allocation. The architecture independence is accomplished through "mappable" functions in an object-oriented framework. The feature, termed function-to-platform mapping (FPM) allows the user to distribute functions to various locations in the system. Subsequent impacts to system performance, communications and data-processing requirements, can be measured. FPM also allows functional component distribution through dynamic reconfiguration. This paper describes the FPM development philosophy and examples of FPM application to space-based surveillance system architectural design through analysis of communications load and message handling.< >

关键词： Surveillance Object oriented modeling Satellites Eyes Resource management Hardware Aerospace engineering Design engineering systems engineering and theory Missiles

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